Effective water management is crucial for development, particularly in water-scarce countries like Yemen. This study provides an intensive analysis of Yemen's water management issues across various dimensions: surface water distribution, shallow aquifer management, groundwater exploitation, and irrigation practices. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods, including 640 questionnaires, social meetings, and structured interviews with local residents and government experts, the study also incorporates case studies and local reports on water pollution, seawater intrusion, and rising salinity. The study highlights several critical challenges: Governance and Institutional Issues; Political and Financial Constraints: and Technical Challenges. Moreover, water scarcity, traditional practices, tribal systems, and high poverty rates significantly affect water management efforts. The study's key findings highlight the overexploitation of groundwater by private companies, inefficiency in irrigation practices, the influence of traditional customs on water use rights, and the detrimental impact of industrial activities on water quality. Recommendations for improvement include enforcing regulations to control illegal drilling, enhancing irrigation efficiency, improving wastewater treatment, and strengthening governance structures. The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive reforms to address Yemen's water crisis in the context of ongoing conflict and resources limitation.

One of the most serious problems Yemen is facing is water scarcity, driven by low rainfall, high agricultural water consumption, and limited reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation, resulting in a sharp decline in groundwater, the country’s primary water source. The main objective of this study is to investigate the water governance and policy gaps in Yemen using indicators derived from previous field studies that assessed the quality of treated wastewater for irrigation reuse and calculated water requirements of banana crop. This analysis, conducted using the BROOK90 hydrological model and CROPWAT software, provides observational evidence for identifying key indicators and strategies to reduce pressure on scarce water resources and mitigate groundwater depletion. The findings were subsequently compared with the water governance practices in China and Singapore, focusing on governance frameworks, institutional arrangements, environmental and social impact dimensions, and policy integration rather than direct technological replication, acknowledging the substantial economic differences between the countries. The findings show that reusing wastewater, together with supplying crops with the optimal amount of irrigation, can significantly mitigate groundwater depletion and preserve limited water supplies. However, to achieve these outcomes, the suggested policies and programs must be effectively implemented, monitoring must be reinforced, and the local communities must actively participate in decision-making and planning processes.

Conventional flood irrigation is the common irrigation system practiced in many developing countries. Under this regime, a large quantity of water is used to irrigate a variety of crops, su... Practical ApplicationsAgriculture consumes a great amount of freshwater resources, making efficient water management imperative. This research from Yemen presents a universally applicable solution ...