Cultural Ecosystem Services (CESs), as non-material benefits and well-being provided by ecosystems to humans, possess the ability to bridge nature and human society and interpret their complex interrelationships. Coastal areas are regions with concentrated human activities, where coastal zones are often subject to human development, pollution, and degradation. Compared to other ecosystems, coastal ecosystems face greater pressures and threats, and the cultural services they provide are more vulnerable. Research on coastal ecosystem cultural services needs to consider ecosystem vulnerability and find ways to protect and restore ecosystem functions. Therefore, this paper explores the intrinsic logical system and feasibility of guiding natural resource management and enhancing human well-being through coastal CESs, discussing related research data acquisition, method analysis, and perceptual application. Based on this, this paper analyzes the development trends of coastal CESs in natural resource management and enhancing human well-being from aspects such as biodiversity, human–nature interaction processes, cultural heritage conservation, local economic development, and community management. Finally, it proposes advancing the in-depth research of coastal CESs from the perspectives of integrating multi-source data, interdisciplinary development, and incorporating CESs into policy making, providing theoretical support for the systematic study of rational resource utilization and sustainable ecosystem development.

Integrating the flow of supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) into the ecological security pattern (ESP) of coastal ecosystems with extremely fragile ecological backgrounds and contradictory human–land relationships is beneficial to the coordinated development of human–land systems. However, existing studies ignore the issue of scales of supply–demand linkages, making the ESP not properly guide sustainable development. Based on ESs delivery chain theory and landscape ecology approaches, we developed a sustainable development framework consisting of coupled microscopic natural–social systems. The method was tested using data from the Liao River Delta. In this study area, the natural supply potential and demand mapping distribution of key ESs were assessed to identify ecological sources in the Liao River Delta, a typical coastal zone in northern China. The resistance surface based on land use type assignment was modified using hydrological connectivity frequency and nighttime light intensity. Ecological corridors were extracted and optimized using a minimum cumulative resistance model and connectivity evaluation. The study found that the high supply area and the high demand reflection area are not consistent in location and supply level. Ecological source areas are evenly distributed, accounting for 12% of the total area. The ecological corridors are mainly concentrated in the west and southeast and do not cross the built-up areas in the east. This ESP framework safeguards the local demand for natural products and the natural potential to maintain services over the longer term and to a larger scale while informing the development of environmental management measures.

With the gradual expansion of benefits provided by islands to human wellbeing, it has become increasingly important to quantify the cultural ecosystem service functions of islands. In this study, the zone travel cost method (ZTCM) and individual travel cost method (ITCM) are used to assess the recreational and cultural ecosystem services value of the island region of Changhai County, China, and the recreational value of Xiaochangshan, Dachangshan, and Guanglu Islands based on questionnaire survey data. The results are as follows: (1) The overall recreational and cultural ecosystem services value of Changhai County in 2019 was 533.14 million USD, including a traveling cost of 395.71 million USD and consumer surplus of 137.43 million USD. (2) Further, based on the choice and consumption behaviors of tourists, multiple recreational values of the county were also inferred: the aesthetic experience presented the greatest contribution, while educational knowledge accounted for a lower percentage. (3) The recreational and cultural ecosystem services value 294.16, 60.03, and 143.26 million USD for Xiaochangshan, Dachangshan, and Guanglu Islands, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, future research will focus on the planning and development of Xiaochangshan Island tourism to maximize consumer surplus.

The objective assessment of ecological systems forms the basis of solving ecological environmental problems. Evaluating the ecosystem status of each county through the gross ecosystem product (GEP) can reveal the value of each ecosystem. In this study, we used the eco-economic method to calculate the GEP and the green gold index (GGI) of 13 counties in Hulunbuir City between 2015 and 2020. The results show that: (1) The GEP of Hulunbuir City in 2020 was 980.025 billion yuan. The GGI was 8.36, which was much higher than the national average. (2) Forestry and pastoral regions were the main contributors to the regulation service. (3) Hulunbuir City had the largest forest value, while the farmland value was the lowest. The most important sources of forest, grassland, wetland, water, and farmland value were Oroqen, Xin Right Banner, Xin Left Banner, Xin Right Banner, and Morin Banner, respectively. Based on our analysis, we found significant results through the transformation of the “Two Mountains” in Erguna, Genhe, and Zhalantun. The other counties in our study must optimize ecological research with respect to the traditional economic model. Our results provide a scientific reference for the application of the “Two Mountains” base in each county.

生态系统文化服务流作为连接生态资源供给与人类社会需求的桥梁，是人类从生态系统中实际获得的非物质利益，与人类福祉密切相关。国家公园是促进典型生态系统自然资源价值化和普惠化的空间载体，其将生态保护、科研宣教和游憩利用作为管理目标，能够满足人民群众对优美生态环境、优良生态产品、优质生态服务的需求。开展国家公园生态系统文化服务研究对于发挥国家公园生态—社会效益和满足公众非物质需求具有重要意义。论文以辽河口国家公园为案例区，基于生态系统文化服务流不同空间尺度研究范式，构建文化服务流空间多尺度集成框架，结合遥感、社交媒体等多源数据，应用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS平台等空间分析工具，探究研究区游憩、生物多样性、历史和科教4类生态系统文化服务供给与服务流空间格局及其影响因素。结果表明：① 总体来看，在区内尺度，各类生态系统文化服务供给大于区内服务流，4类生态系统文化服务流主要集聚在河口及东部海岸地区；在区际尺度，各类生态系统文化服务流分布受经济发展水平影响大，主要分布在沿海省市。② 不同空间尺度下，影响生态系统文化服务流空间分布的因子作用强度存在差别，其中距国家公园距离和经济因素在不同尺度间差异显著，前者在区内、省域和全国呈现“强—弱—强”变化特征，后者则呈现“弱—强—强”特点。论文所构建的生态系统文化服务流空间多尺度集成框架，不仅是对生态系统文化服务流分布格局与流动机制的探索性研究，而且可为提高国家公园管理效能和生态产品供给能力，促进国家公园保护地体系建设提供参考。