Physical activity may reverse frailty in the elderly, but we encounter barriers to the implementation of exercise programs in this population. Our main aim is to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent physical activity program, versus regular medical practice, on reverting pre-frailty status among the elderly, 12 months post-intervention. Randomized parallel group multicenter clinical trial located in primary care setting, among non-dependent and pre-frail patients > 70 years old, including 190 patients (95 intervention, 95 control group). Intervention: Multicomponent physical activity program (MEFAP, for its acronym in Spanish) with twelve 1.5 h-weekly sessions comprised of: 1. Informative session; 2. Exercises for improving aerobic resistance, muscle strength, propioception-balance and flexibility; and 3. Handing out of at-home exercise chart (twice/week). Main variable: pre-frailty according to the Fried phenotype. Secondary variables: sociodemographic, clinical and functional variables; exercise program adherence, patient satisfaction with the program and quality of life. We will perform an intention-to-treat analysis by comparing the retrogression from pre-frailty (1 or 2 Fried criteria) to robust status (0 Fried criteria) by the end of the intervention, 6 months and 12 months post-intervention. The accumulated incidence in each group will be calculated, as well as the relative risk (RR) and the number needed to treat (NNT) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee Hospital la Paz. Within the context of regular clinical practice, our results will provide evidence regarding the effects of exercise interventions on frailty among pre-frail older adults, a key population given their significant potential for functional, physical, and mental health improvement. NCT03568084 . Registered 26 June 2018. Date of enrollment of the first participant to the trial: July 2nd 2018.

Diseñar y validar una escala de nomofobia en escolares de 9 a 13 años. Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. El estudio piloto se realizó en diciembre de 2019 con alumnos de un colegio de Ávila y otro de Madrid. El estudio de campo se realizó los meses de enero-marzo de 2020, recogiendo datos de 592 alumnos de un colegio de Badajoz y 3 de Ávila. Alumnos de ambos sexos de 4.^o, 5.^o y 6.^o de Educación Primaria y de 1.^o y 2.^o de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, de colegios públicos y concertados. El estudio se hizo en 2 fases. Fase I: elaboración de un cuestionario de 40 ítems con el asesoramiento de un panel de expertos. Este cuestionario se pasó, dentro del estudio piloto, a 312 niños matriculados en Educación Primaria o Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Tras analizar los resultados, se modificó la escala de 40 ítems para mejorar la comprensión de los escolares y se realizó un estudio de campo con 592 participantes. Fase II: consistió en un análisis factorial exploratorio realizado por el método de componentes principales que proporcionó la distribución de los ítems en 7 componentes. Tras el análisis factorial confirmatorio se definió la escala definitiva de 32 ítems. Se demostró que esta escala produce puntuaciones válidas y confiables. La validación de esta escala será útil para identificar a niños con riesgo de nomofobia, permitiendo a educadores, padres y profesionales de la salud detectarla precozmente para prevenir un uso patológico del teléfono móvil.

Aims: To assess factors associated with the prevalence of breastfeeding in a cohort of Spanish primiparous pregnant women to whom a health education program was applied. Methods: Prospective, descriptive, and inferential cohort analysis with data obtained from the beginning of pregnancy to the child’s year. Prevalence of breastfeeding was classified into periods or categories: (1) “non-breastfeeding”; (2) “breastfeeding until 6 months”; (3) “breastfeeding up to 12 months”. The sample was 288 primiparous pregnant women divided into two groups of equal size using as a matching strategy whether they attended the health education sessions with or without an informal caregiver (mother, partner, sister): group A (primiparous women who attended the sessions without an informal caregiver; n = 144) and group B (primiparous women who attended the sessions with an informal caregiver; n = 144). Results: The best-associated variables with the prevalence of breastfeeding were age, vitamin B₁₂ variation (postintervention—preintervention), and informal caregiver intervention. This association was statistically significant for breastfeeding up to 12 months of age compared to non-breastfeeding (age (p = 0.007); vitamin B₁₂ variation (p = 0.010); caregiver intervention (p = 0.008)). The younger the breastfeeding woman, the greater the probability of breastfeeding up to 12 months (β: −0.246 (0.91); OR: 0.782 (0.654–0.935)). The greater the increase in vitamin B₁₂ after the educational intervention program, the greater the probability of breastfeeding up to 12 months (β: 0.007 (0.003); OR: 1.007 (1.002–1.012)). The absence of an informal caregiver decreased the likelihood that breastfeeding would be maintained until the child’s 12 months (β: −0.734 (1.024); OR: 0.065 (0.009–0.483)). Conclusions: The prevalence of breastfeeding up to 12 months, in a cohort of Spanish primiparous women, increased the higher increase in vitamin B₁₂ levels after applying an educational intervention program to promote breastfeeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding up to 12 months also increased with the presence of the informal caregiver and in young women.

Background and Aims: Nomophobia, the anxiety associated with smartphone separation, is well-studied in adolescents and adults, but less so in younger children. This study aimed to evaluate nomophobia severity among Spanish children aged 9– 13 in urban settings and establish a data-driven cutoff for identifying severe risk. Methods: A sample of 1153 children with weekly smartphone use from seven urban schools (populations > 50,000) completed the 32-item Nomophobia Questionnaire for Children (NQC) and the STAIC State Anxiety measure. Data were collected from February to April 2024. Hierarchical clustering grouped NQC scores into severity categories, followed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine a severe-risk threshold. Results: Hierarchical clustering identified two groups: a “Low-to-Moderate Nomophobia” cluster (96.88%; n=1117) and a “Severe Nomophobia” cluster (3.12%; n=36). ROC analysis established a cutoff of 101.5 (AUC=0.993, sensitivity=0.889, specificity=0.979), with 4.86% (n=56) exceeding this threshold. Children above the cutoff showed higher state anxiety (p=0.019), with no significant sex differences. Discussion: Most children exhibited mild to moderate nomophobia, but ~5% displayed severe levels associated with increased state anxiety and phone use duration. The NQC ≥ 101.5 cutoff effectively identifies this at-risk minority without overestimating prevalence, offering a practical screening tool. Conclusion: Combining hierarchical clustering and ROC analysis yielded a robust threshold (NQC ≥ 101.5) for detecting severe nomophobia in urban Spanish children, highlighting a small subgroup at elevated psychological risk. Future studies should validate this cutoff cross-culturally and longitudinally to guide early interventions.