Purpose To evaluate the safety of endovascular treatment of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (CCSVI) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods In a 1-year period, 461 MS patients (261 women; mean age 45.4 years, range 21–79) with CCSVI underwent endovascular treatment of 1012 venous lesions during 495 procedures [34 (6.9%) reinterventions]. While balloon angioplasty was preferred, 98 stents were implanted in 76 patients for lesion recoil, restenosis, or suboptimal dilation. The procedures were analyzed for incidences of major adverse events (death, major bleeding, or clinical deterioration of MS), access site complications, procedure-related complications, and procedural safety-related variables (fluoroscopy and contrast times). The complication rates were compared to published data for similar endovascular methods. Results There were no deaths, major bleeding events, or clinical deterioration of MS. Access site complications included limited groin hematoma (5, 1.0%); there were no arteriovenous fistulas or puncture site infections. Systemic complications included only rare cardiac arrhythmias (6, 1.2%). Procedure-related complications included vein rupture (2, 0.4%), vein dissection (15, 3.0%), acute in-stent/insegment thrombosis (8, 1.6%), and acute recoil (1, 0.2%); there was no stent migration or fracture or distal embolization. Mean fluoroscopy time was 22.7 minutes, and mean contrast volume was 136.3 mL. Conclusion Endovascular therapy appears to be a safe and reliable method for treating CCSVI. Innovations such as purpose-specific materials and devices are needed, as are case-controlled and randomized data to establish efficacy in ameliorating MS symptoms.

A retrospective/prospective observational study was conducted to explore the current management of hyperlipidaemia in high-risk (HR) and very high risk (VHR) patients in central/eastern Europe and Israel.

Background and Objectives: Thermography is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that measures skin surface temperatures to reflect normal or abnormal physiology. This review explores the clinical utility of thermography in diagnosing and monitoring stroke, with an emphasis on its clinical applications. Materials and Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, with a protocol published prior to analysis. Three databases were screened up to end of 2024. Article selection was conducted in two stages: title and abstract screening using Rayyan^®, followed by full-text eligibility assessment. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus. Risk of bias assessment was performed with ROBINS-I. Narrative synthesis was planned in addition to descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 20 studies were included after screening 277 records. Thermography emerged as a promising tool for stroke patients in both the acute and chronic phases. In the acute phase, it demonstrated potential in detecting early signs of carotid occlusive disease by identifying temperature differences in the forehead or neck regions. Additionally, thermography contributed to the differential diagnosis of Wallenberg syndrome. In the chronic phase, it exhibited clinical utility in monitoring rehabilitation progress. Conclusions: Thermography shows promise as a non-invasive tool for stroke assessment and monitoring. While preliminary studies suggest physiological relevance, its clinical utility remains investigational and requires further validation.