Solar air heating devices have been employed in a wide range of industrial and home applications for solar energy conversion and recovery. It is a useful technique for increasing the rate of heat transfer by artificially creating repetitive roughness on the absorbing surface in the form of semicircular ribs. A thermo-hydraulic performance analysis for a fully developed turbulent flow through rib-roughened solar air heater (SAH) is presented in this article by employing computational fluid dynamics. Both 2-dimensional geometrical modeling and numerical solutions were performed in the finite volume package ANSYS FLUENT. The renormalization-group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model was used, as it is suitable for low Reynolds number (Re) turbulent flows. A thermo-hydraulic performance analysis of an SAH was carried out for a ranging Re, 3800–18,000 (6 sets); relative roughness pitch (RRP), 5–25 (12 sets); relative roughness height (RRH), 0.03–0.06 (3 sets); and heat flux, 1000 W/m². The numerical analysis revealed that with an RRP of 5 and an RRH of 0.06, the roughened duct produces the highest augmentation in average Nu_r in the order of 2.76 times that of a plain duct at an Re of 18,000. With an RRP = 10 and RRH = 0.06, the roughened duct was found to provide the most optimum thermo-hydraulic performance parameter (THPP). The THPP was determined to have a maximum value of 1.98 when the Re is equal to 15,000. It was found that semi-circular ribs which have a rib pitch = 20 mm and a rib height = 2 mm can be applied in an SAH to enhance heat transfer.