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Frank van der Hoeven
Delft University of Technology Faculty of Architecture & The Built Environment The Netherlands

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Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Urbani izziv
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ACS Style

Frank Van Der Hoeven; Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: Mapping the social, morphological, and land-use dimensions of the Rotterdam urban heat island. Urbani izziv 2018, 29, 5 -19.

AMA Style

Frank Van Der Hoeven, Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: Mapping the social, morphological, and land-use dimensions of the Rotterdam urban heat island. Urbani izziv. 2018; 29 (1):5-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank Van Der Hoeven; Alexander Wandl. 2018. "Hotterdam: Mapping the social, morphological, and land-use dimensions of the Rotterdam urban heat island." Urbani izziv 29, no. 1: 5-19.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Urbani izziv
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Frank Van Der Hoeven; Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: Mapping the social, morphological, and land-use dimensions of the Rotterdam urban heat island. Urbani izziv 2018, 29, 58 -72.

AMA Style

Frank Van Der Hoeven, Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: Mapping the social, morphological, and land-use dimensions of the Rotterdam urban heat island. Urbani izziv. 2018; 29 (1):58-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank Van Der Hoeven; Alexander Wandl. 2018. "Hotterdam: Mapping the social, morphological, and land-use dimensions of the Rotterdam urban heat island." Urbani izziv 29, no. 1: 58-72.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Built Environment
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This paper presents a systematic approach to analysing the visual impact of tall building evolution on cities and their surrounding landscape, using Rotterdam and The Hague as case studies. Critical tall building clusters that visually determine the skyline of both cities are identified and allow comparison of actual tall building development and the urban policies in place. The research demonstrates that a considerable distance exists between policy and reality. Both Rotterdam and The Hague struggle to deliver a consistent and integrated policy for tall-rise urban areas, while tall building developments seem to be ruled by an internal logic not fully recognized in policy-making. Using the visibility of the skyline to identify tall building clusters suggests that both cities could allow developments in a much wider area than originally envisioned in their guidance on tall buildings. Although each new tall building design faces public and political scrutiny, the fact is that the visibility pattern in both cities is already established. Each new development has a decreasing impact as long as it is confined to the established tall building cluster. As shown in the paper, GIS-based visibility analysis is a powerful tool for tall building planning and design, not only increasing understanding of actual developments and their effects in a precise and quantifiable manner, but also helping to evaluate and develop tall building policies.

ACS Style

Steffen Nijhuis; Frank Van Der Hoeven. Exploring the Skyline of Rotterdam and The Hague. Visibility Analysis and its Implications for Tall Building Policy. Built Environment 2018, 43, 571 -588.

AMA Style

Steffen Nijhuis, Frank Van Der Hoeven. Exploring the Skyline of Rotterdam and The Hague. Visibility Analysis and its Implications for Tall Building Policy. Built Environment. 2018; 43 (4):571-588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steffen Nijhuis; Frank Van Der Hoeven. 2018. "Exploring the Skyline of Rotterdam and The Hague. Visibility Analysis and its Implications for Tall Building Policy." Built Environment 43, no. 4: 571-588.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2017 in Sustainability
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Scientists, climatologists, and urban planners have started to recognize the importance of nature at two very different scales: the global (metabolic) and the local (liveability) scales. The regional scale is the one at which these macro and micro approaches overlap. Future predictions foresee an increase of more than 2450 million urban inhabitants by 2050, thus new balanced urban visions need to be developed in order to guarantee the sustainability of urban areas. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a climate phenomenon resulting from unbalanced urban design arrangements. This paper analyses several design principles proposed by the 1920s regionalists from the UHI perspective. The preservation of the regional geographical landmarks, the implementation of urban containment policies (limiting city sizes), the increase of greenery and the development of green multifunctional blocks would help reduce the UHI in future urban developments.

ACS Style

Leyre Echevarría Icaza; Franklin Van Der Hoeven. Regionalist Principles to Reduce the Urban Heat Island Effect. Sustainability 2017, 9, 677 .

AMA Style

Leyre Echevarría Icaza, Franklin Van Der Hoeven. Regionalist Principles to Reduce the Urban Heat Island Effect. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (5):677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leyre Echevarría Icaza; Franklin Van Der Hoeven. 2017. "Regionalist Principles to Reduce the Urban Heat Island Effect." Sustainability 9, no. 5: 677.

Book chapter
Published: 14 June 2016 in Climate Change Management
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Leyre Echevarría Icaza; F. D. Van Der Hoeven; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Walter Leal Filho; Kathryn Adamson; Rachel M. Dunk; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro; Sam Illingworth; Fátima Alves. The Urban Heat Island Effect in Dutch City Centres: Identifying Relevant Indicators and First Explorations. Climate Change Management 2016, 123 -160.

AMA Style

Leyre Echevarría Icaza, F. D. Van Der Hoeven, Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen, Walter Leal Filho, Kathryn Adamson, Rachel M. Dunk, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, Sam Illingworth, Fátima Alves. The Urban Heat Island Effect in Dutch City Centres: Identifying Relevant Indicators and First Explorations. Climate Change Management. 2016; ():123-160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leyre Echevarría Icaza; F. D. Van Der Hoeven; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Walter Leal Filho; Kathryn Adamson; Rachel M. Dunk; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro; Sam Illingworth; Fátima Alves. 2016. "The Urban Heat Island Effect in Dutch City Centres: Identifying Relevant Indicators and First Explorations." Climate Change Management , no. : 123-160.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
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Frank van der Hoeven; Kalina Juchnevic. The significance of the underground experience: Selection of reference design cases from the underground public transport stations and interchanges of the European Union. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2016, 55, 176 -193.

AMA Style

Frank van der Hoeven, Kalina Juchnevic. The significance of the underground experience: Selection of reference design cases from the underground public transport stations and interchanges of the European Union. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2016; 55 ():176-193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank van der Hoeven; Kalina Juchnevic. 2016. "The significance of the underground experience: Selection of reference design cases from the underground public transport stations and interchanges of the European Union." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 55, no. : 176-193.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2016 in TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
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The urban heat island effect is often associated with large metropolises. However, in the Netherlands even small cities will be affected by the phenomenon in the future (Hove et al., 2011), due to the dispersed or mosaic urbanisation patterns in particularly the southern part of the country: the province of North Brabant. This study analyses the average night time land surface temperature (LST) of 21 North-Brabant urban areas through 22 satellite images retrieved by Modis 11A1 during the 2006 heat wave and uses Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper to map albedo and normalized difference temperature index (NDVI) values. Albedo, NDVI and imperviousness are found to play the most relevant role in the increase of night-time LST. The surface cover cluster analysis of these three parameters reveals that the 12 “urban living environment” categories used in the region of North Brabant can actually be reduced to 7 categories, which simplifies the design guidelines to improve the surface thermal behaviour of the different neighbourhoods thus reducing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in existing medium size cities and future developments adjacent to those cities.

ACS Style

Leyre Echevarria Icaza; Frank van der Hoeven; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen. Surface thermal analysis of North Brabant cities and neighbourhoods during heat waves. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment 2016, 9, 63 -87.

AMA Style

Leyre Echevarria Icaza, Frank van der Hoeven, Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen. Surface thermal analysis of North Brabant cities and neighbourhoods during heat waves. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment. 2016; 9 (1):63-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leyre Echevarria Icaza; Frank van der Hoeven; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen. 2016. "Surface thermal analysis of North Brabant cities and neighbourhoods during heat waves." TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment 9, no. 1: 63-87.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2016 in Sustainability
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The world is increasingly concerned with sustainability issues. Climate change is not the least of these concerns. The complexity of these issues is such that data and information management form an important means of making the right decisions. Nowadays, however, the sheer quantity of data is overwhelming; large quantities of data demand means of representation that are comprehensible and effective. The above dilemma poses questions as to how one incorporates unknown climatologic parameters, such as urban heat, in future urban planning processes, and how one ensures the proposals are specific enough to actually adapt cities to climate change and flexible enough to ensure the proposed measures are combinable and compatible with other urban planning priorities. Conventional urban planning processes and mapping strategies are not adapted to this new environmental, technological and social context. In order come up with more appropriate urban planning strategies, in its first section this paper analyzes the role of the urban planner, reviews the wide variety of parameters that are starting to be integrated into the urban planners practice, and considers the parameters (mainly land surface temperature, albedo, vegetation, and imperviousness) and tools needed for the assessment of the UHI (satellite imagery and GIS). The second part of the study analyzes the potential of four catalyzing mapping categories to integrate urban heat into spatial planning processes: drift, layering, game-board, and rhizome.

ACS Style

Leyre Echevarría Icaza; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Frank Van Der Hoeven. Integrating Urban Heat Assessment in Urban Plans. Sustainability 2016, 8, 320 .

AMA Style

Leyre Echevarría Icaza, Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen, Frank Van Der Hoeven. Integrating Urban Heat Assessment in Urban Plans. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (4):320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leyre Echevarría Icaza; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Frank Van Der Hoeven. 2016. "Integrating Urban Heat Assessment in Urban Plans." Sustainability 8, no. 4: 320.

Dataset
Published: 11 December 2015
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Method: The atlas identifies the social features that have been designated in previous research projects as possible causes of heat-related problems. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to establish which of these are statistically significant in the case of Rotterdam: the number of those aged 75 and over per hectare, the average age of the buildings, the sum of sensible heat and ground heat flux. A cluster analysis was used to identify the links between these features. Results: This results in six clusters (or typologies) that are shown here on the map with different colours, together with a table explaining the underlying values. Parent item: Hotterdam: Urban heat in Rotterdam and health effects Heat waves will occur in Rotterdam with greater frequency in the future. Those affected most will be the elderly – a group that is growing in size. In the light of the Paris heat wave of August 2003 and the one in Rotterdam in July 2006, mortality rates among the elderly in particular are likely to rise in the summer. The aim of the Hotterdam research project was to gain a better understanding of urban heat. Heat was measured and the surface energy balance modelled from that perspective. Social and physical features of the city were identified in detail with the help of satellite images, GIS and 3D models. The links between urban heat/surface energy balance and the social/physical features of Rotterdam were determined on the basis of multivariable regression analysis. The decisive features of the heat problem were then clustered and illustrated on a social and a physical heat map. The research project produced two heat maps, an atlas of underlying data.

ACS Style

Alexander Wandl; F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. Hotterdam Vulnerability Cluster. 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Alexander Wandl, F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. Hotterdam Vulnerability Cluster. . 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Wandl; F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. 2015. "Hotterdam Vulnerability Cluster." , no. : 1.

Dataset
Published: 11 December 2015
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This dataset contains all variables that were used to calculate the physical heat cluster map of Hotterdam. Parent item: Hotterdam: Urban heat in Rotterdam and health effects Heat waves will occur in Rotterdam with greater frequency in the future. Those affected most will be the elderly – a group that is growing in size. In the light of the Paris heat wave of August 2003 and the one in Rotterdam in July 2006, mortality rates among the elderly in particular are likely to rise in the summer. The aim of the Hotterdam research project was to gain a better understanding of urban heat. Heat was measured and the surface energy balance modelled from that perspective. Social and physical features of the city were identified in detail with the help of satellite images, GIS and 3D models. The links between urban heat/surface energy balance and the social/physical features of Rotterdam were determined on the basis of multivariable regression analysis. The decisive features of the heat problem were then clustered and illustrated on a social and a physical heat map. The research project produced two heat maps, an atlas of underlying data.

ACS Style

Alexander Wandl; F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. Hotterdam physical characteristics. 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Alexander Wandl, F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. Hotterdam physical characteristics. . 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Wandl; F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. 2015. "Hotterdam physical characteristics." , no. : 1.

Dataset
Published: 11 December 2015
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Method: The map identifies the social features that have been identified in previous research projects as possible causes of heat-related problems. Regression analysis was used to establish which of these are statistically significant: imperviousness, surface water, foliage (leaf area index), building envelopes and shade. A cluster analysis of these features was carried out. This analysis was used to identify and group the links between features. Results: The result is eight clusters (or typologies) Parent item: Hotterdam: Urban heat in Rotterdam and health effects Heat waves will occur in Rotterdam with greater frequency in the future. Those affected most will be the elderly – a group that is growing in size. In the light of the Paris heat wave of August 2003 and the one in Rotterdam in July 2006, mortality rates among the elderly in particular are likely to rise in the summer. The aim of the Hotterdam research project was to gain a better understanding of urban heat. Heat was measured and the surface energy balance modelled from that perspective. Social and physical features of the city were identified in detail with the help of satellite images, GIS and 3D models. The links between urban heat/surface energy balance and the social/physical features of Rotterdam were determined on the basis of multivariable regression analysis. The decisive features of the heat problem were then clustered and illustrated on a social and a physical heat map. The research project produced two heat maps, an atlas of underlying data.

ACS Style

Alexander Wandl; F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. Hotterdam Physical Heat Map. 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Alexander Wandl, F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. Hotterdam Physical Heat Map. . 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Wandl; F. (Frank) van der Hoeven. 2015. "Hotterdam Physical Heat Map." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2015 in проект байкал
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The urban heat island is considered to be one of the contemporary health aspects that cities urgently need to respond to. The Hotterdam research project addresses the Rotterdam urban heat island, in order to explain the links between the health of the city’s population and the features of its built environment that make it more or rather less warm. The work resulted in two heat maps that make the city of Rotterdam and its inhabitants more aware of and less susceptible to the health effects of heat waves. The insights into the urban heat island that were gained in this project are relevant for other cities in Holland (Amsterdam, The Hague) and abroad.

ACS Style

Frank van der Hoeven; Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: mapping the Rotterdam urban heat island. проект байкал 2015, 138 -145.

AMA Style

Frank van der Hoeven, Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: mapping the Rotterdam urban heat island. проект байкал. 2015; (45):138-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank van der Hoeven; Alexander Wandl. 2015. "Hotterdam: mapping the Rotterdam urban heat island." проект байкал , no. 45: 138-145.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2015 in проект байкал
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The Delft University of Technology is adapting its campus to the challenges it faces in a rapidly-changing academic context. The original monofunctional greenfield area is being transformed into a high-quality urban campus. The campus needs to provide a sustainable learning and working environment for staff, students and visitors. This article outlines the historical background of the campus, the aims for its future development set out in the university’s policy framework, and the actions that stem from this.

ACS Style

Frank van der Hoeven. Campus Delft: History, policy framework and development of the TU Delft campus. проект байкал 2015, 152 -159.

AMA Style

Frank van der Hoeven. Campus Delft: History, policy framework and development of the TU Delft campus. проект байкал. 2015; (44):152-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank van der Hoeven. 2015. "Campus Delft: History, policy framework and development of the TU Delft campus." проект байкал , no. 44: 152-159.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2015 in Research in Urbanism Series
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This paper discusses design considerations for creating high quality infrastructural artefacts with an emphasis on bridges. The authors pursue a design study and analysis approach to highlight the specifics of infrastructure design for regional identity, based on their own work on a bridge ensemble in the Dutch Zaanstreek region. Two highlights of this work, the award winning Juliana Bridge and the wildlife crossing in Rijssen, are used to illustrate how to create good infrastructure design in sensitive contexts, without making use of neo-vernacular methods.

ACS Style

Joris Smits; Frank van der Hoeven. A bridge with a view a view with a bridge. Research in Urbanism Series 2015, 3, 135 -158.

AMA Style

Joris Smits, Frank van der Hoeven. A bridge with a view a view with a bridge. Research in Urbanism Series. 2015; 3 ():135-158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joris Smits; Frank van der Hoeven. 2015. "A bridge with a view a view with a bridge." Research in Urbanism Series 3, no. : 135-158.

Book
Published: 01 January 2015 in Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it
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Heat waves will occur in Rotterdam with greater frequency in the future. Those affected most will be the elderly – a group that is growing in size. In the light of the Paris heat wave of August 2003 and the one in Rotterdam in July 2006, mortality rates among the elderly in particular are likely to rise in the summer. METHOD The aim of the Hotterdam research project was to gain a better understanding of urban heat. The heat was measured and the surface energy balance modelled from that perspective. Social and physical features of the city we identified in detail with the help of satellite images, GIS and 3D models. We determined the links between urban heat/surface energy balance and the social/physical features of Rotterdam by multivariable regression analysis. The crucial elements of the heat problem were then clustered and illustrated on a social and a physical heat map. RESULTS The research project produced two heat maps, an atlas of underlying data and a set of adaptation measures which, when combined, will make the city of Rotterdam and its inhabitants more aware and less vulnerable to heat wave-related health effects. CONCLUSION In different ways, the pre-war districts of the city (North, South, and West) are warmer and more vulnerable to urban heat than are other areas of Rotterdam. The temperature readings that we carried out confirm these findings as far as outdoor temperatures are concerned. Indoor temperatures vary widely. Homes seem to have their particular dynamics, in which the house’s age plays a role. The above-average mortality of those aged 75 and over during the July 2006 heat wave in Rotterdam can be explained by a) the concentration of people in this age group, b) the age of the homes they live in, and c) the sum of sensible heat and ground heat flux. A diverse mix of impervious surfaces, surface water, foliage, building envelopes and shade make one area or district warmer than another. Adaptation measures are in the hands of residents, homeowners and the local council alike, and relate to changing behaviour, physical measures for homes, and urban design respectively.

ACS Style

Frank van der Hoeven; Delft University of Technology; Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it. Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Frank van der Hoeven, Delft University of Technology, Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it. Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank van der Hoeven; Delft University of Technology; Alexander Wandl. 2015. "Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it." Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2014 in проект байкал
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Foreign investment by the United Arab Emirates in the 'Beograd na vodi' master plan sets the stage for the largest urban development in the Serbian capital since the planning of Novi Beograd. While the government embraces the plan as an instrument to spur economic growth in Serbia, critics are more cautious and warn for cliche corporate development.

ACS Style

Frank van der Hoeven; Milena Ivković. The 'Beograd na vodi' masterplan. Belgrade’s latest identity make over. проект байкал 2014, 134 -137.

AMA Style

Frank van der Hoeven, Milena Ivković. The 'Beograd na vodi' masterplan. Belgrade’s latest identity make over. проект байкал. 2014; (42):134-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank van der Hoeven; Milena Ivković. 2014. "The 'Beograd na vodi' masterplan. Belgrade’s latest identity make over." проект байкал , no. 42: 134-137.

Research article
Published: 24 June 2014 in Building Services Engineering Research and Technology
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The Amsterwarm project investigates the urban heat island of Amsterdam, the vulnerability of its population, the energy efficiency of its buildings and landuse. A novel mapping approach provides insights into the questions of what causes the urban heat island and who will be affected by it. Landuse does affect the surface temperature. The difference between the areas in the city with the least and the greatest impervious surface coverage accounts for an average land surface temperature difference of 11.6℃ per hectare. The study demonstrates furthermore that the vulnerability of people and buildings to the urban heat island effect is a local condition in which the energy efficiency of buildings, quality of life and demographic factors should all be considered in an approach that is sensitive to place. Practical application: The typological maps will allow local authorities to prioritise adaptive actions in urban planning in response to the urban heat island, an emerging climate-related challenge that has a significant impact on the comfort and health of its citizens and on the (future) energy use required for cooling buildings. Raising the albedo in those areas of the city that are dominated by impervious surface cover seems an effective adaptation strategy, suitable to a city such as Amsterdam that no longer builds on green field sites but only builds as possible within the envelope of the existing city. Improving the quality of life in neighbourhoods and the energy efficiency/climate proofing of the building stock could also be prioritised in the identified neighbourhoods.

ACS Style

Frank Van Der Hoeven; Alexander Wandl. Amsterwarm: Mapping the landuse, health and energy-efficiency implications of the Amsterdam urban heat island. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 2014, 36, 67 -88.

AMA Style

Frank Van Der Hoeven, Alexander Wandl. Amsterwarm: Mapping the landuse, health and energy-efficiency implications of the Amsterdam urban heat island. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. 2014; 36 (1):67-88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank Van Der Hoeven; Alexander Wandl. 2014. "Amsterwarm: Mapping the landuse, health and energy-efficiency implications of the Amsterdam urban heat island." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 36, no. 1: 67-88.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2014 in проект байкал
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The tale of the rebuilding of the Pauluskerk (St. Paul’s Church) in the Dutch city of Rotterdam is a multilayered story that blurs the lines between architecture, societal issues, policymaking and urban redevelopment.The original Pauluskerk was built in the late 1950s in a city centre that was still recovering from the damage it suffered during the Second World War. The church may never have received the attention it has were it not for Reverend Visser, who developed the church into a refuge for the outcasts of Dutch society: asylum seekers, homeless people and drug addicts. Visser’s activism eventually evolved into the Perron Nul (Platform Zero) initiative, through which he organized support for the addicted and indigent on a scale not seen before in the city.The close proximity of the Pauluskerk to Rotterdam Central Station and the controversy surrounding its mission brought it slowly but steadily onto a collision course with the renewal and redevelopment of the station area, which would eventually lead to the demolition of the original Pauluskerk in 2007 and the construction of a new church building as part of the CalypSO project, designed by British architect William Alsop.This article brings these story lines together to showcase the complex process involved in an inner-city urban development founded in the well-established practice of local democracy, where consensus-seeking is the norm, even when this crosses societal borders.

ACS Style

Frank van der Hoeven. The Pauluskerk: an unorthodox church in Rotterdam. проект байкал 2014, 90 -98.

AMA Style

Frank van der Hoeven. The Pauluskerk: an unorthodox church in Rotterdam. проект байкал. 2014; (41):90-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank van der Hoeven. 2014. "The Pauluskerk: an unorthodox church in Rotterdam." проект байкал , no. 41: 90-98.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2014
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The tale of the rebuilding of the Pauluskerk (St. Paul’s Church) in the Dutch city of Rotterdam is a multilayered story that blurs the lines between architecture, societal issues, policymaking and urban redevelopment. The original Pauluskerk was built in the late 1950s in a city centre that was still recovering from the damage it suffered during the Second World War. The church may never have received the attention it has were it not for Reverend Visser, who developed the church into a refuge for the outcasts of Dutch society: asylum seekers, homeless people and drug addicts. Visser’s activism eventually evolved into the Perron Nul (Platform Zero) initiative, through which he organized support for the addicted and indigent on a scale not seen before in the city. The close proximity of the Pauluskerk to Rotterdam Central Station and the controversy surrounding its mission brought it slowly but steadily onto a collision course with the renewal and redevelopment of the station area, which would eventually lead to the demolition of the original Pauluskerk in 2007 and the construction of a new church building as part of the CalypSO project, designed by British architect William Alsop. This article brings these story lines together to showcase the complex process involved in an inner-city urban development founded in the well-established practice of local democracy, where consensus-seeking is the norm, even when this crosses societal borders.

ACS Style

Frank van der Hoeven. The Pauluskerk: an unorthodox church in Rotterdam. 2014, 90 -98.

AMA Style

Frank van der Hoeven. The Pauluskerk: an unorthodox church in Rotterdam. . 2014; ():90-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank van der Hoeven. 2014. "The Pauluskerk: an unorthodox church in Rotterdam." , no. : 90-98.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2014 in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
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Frank van der Hoeven; Akkelies van Nes. Improving the design of urban underground space in metro stations using the space syntax methodology. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2014, 40, 64 -74.

AMA Style

Frank van der Hoeven, Akkelies van Nes. Improving the design of urban underground space in metro stations using the space syntax methodology. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2014; 40 ():64-74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank van der Hoeven; Akkelies van Nes. 2014. "Improving the design of urban underground space in metro stations using the space syntax methodology." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 40, no. : 64-74.