Novice translation graduates are often found to be slow translators. The fact that this deficiency is usually rectified through professional experience implies that initial performance issues are the outcome of a complex interplay of factors, which do not involve intrinsic abilities. Based on insights from cognitively oriented research on students’ beliefs about language learning and the impact these beliefs have on students’ performance, the present study posits that the beliefs students have towards the question of translation speed represent one of the factors that fashion their productivity. Targeting graduates from the English Language and Translation programme at a private university in an Arab Gulf State, a mixed method approach, including a survey and a semi-structured interview, was adopted to explore the beliefs students have towards the question of speed and to identify the sources of these beliefs in their training programme. Analysis reveals that productivity awareness among the investigated population is almost non-existent and points at the predominantly product-oriented approach that characterises their learning experience as the main source of this condition. This article argues that improving students’ awareness of productivity requirements is not just a case of integrating timed activities, but calls for the adoption of multi-layered process-oriented training principles and practices at the level of delivery, feedback, and assessment criteria.

Malays have long been stereotyped with certain negative characters and this has been prompting for decades. They had been blamed for their inability to compete against other races in many aspects. The main objective of this study is an exploration of how British writers stereotyped the images of the native Malays through texts. A thematic content analysis involving articles published by Singapore Free Press were analysed for this purpose. The findings showed that some of the contents of the articles were misleading and far from being accurate. The British managed to portray Malays as lazy and apathy through the publications. These accusations were not explained in an intellectual manner, a result of civilizational and cultural discrepancies between the British colonial writers and their Malay subjects. Such stereotype was actually being planned ahead to legalized the colonization in the Malay land. Keywords: bias; British writers; newspapers; local people; subjugation Abstrak Orang Melayu sejak dahulu telah distereotaipkan dengan sifat-sifat negatif tertentu sehingga menyebabkan timbulnya kontroversi mengelilingi isu ini selama beberapa dekad. Mereka sering dituduh tidak mempunyai keupayaan untuk bersaing dengan bangsa-bangsa lain dalam pelbagai jenis kehidupan. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka cara penulis-penulis British memaparkan imej stereotaip orang Melayu tempatan melalui penulisan mereka. Analisis kandungan secara tematik yang melibatkan artikel-artikel yang diterbitkan oleh Singapore Free Press dikaji untuk tujuan tersebut. Hasil kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa sebahagian daripada kandungan artikel yang dianalisis sebenarnya mengandungi maklumat yang kurang tepat dan bersifat dangkal. Pihak British telah berjaya menggambarkan orang Melayu sebagai mereka yang bersikap malas dan bersikap tidak mengambil peduli melalui penerbitan-penerbitan tersebut. Menurut hasil kajian, tuduhan-tuduhan dalam terbitan pihak British tidak dijelaskan secara intelektual disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan peradaban dan budaya antara penulispenulis kolonial British dan subjek-subjek mereka, iaitu orang Melayu. Stereotaip seperti ini sebenarnya telah dirancang sebelum British menjajah bertujuan untuk menghalalkan penjajahan di Tanah Melayu. Kata Kunci: bias, penulis Inggeris, surat khabar, orang tempatan, penaklukan

This study explores the linguistic features within the move structures of the research background and problem statement sections in Chapter One of PhD theses written by Arab students in Malaysia. The analysis focuses on four key language elements: verb tense, modality, voice (active and passive), and personal pronouns. A corpus of 30 theses was analyzed to determine common linguistic patterns, revealing significant insights into the language choices of these academic writers. The study employs concordance and hand-tagged analysis to examine verb tense and voice, with manual verification for modality and personal pronouns to ensure accuracy. Eight distinct verb tenses were identified, with the present simple tense being the most frequently used, representing 55.30% of the total instances. This indicates a preference for focusing on current knowledge and ongoing research. In contrast, the past simple and future simple tenses were used to describe past methodologies and future implications, respectively. Modal auxiliaries play a crucial role in conveying sentiments and opinions. The study identified seven modal verbs, with 'can' being the most commonly used, suggesting a focus on possibility over obligation. The analysis of voice patterns revealed a higher occurrence of active voice (79.66%), especially in moves that conveyed up-to-date knowledge. In contrast, passive voice was more common in methodological descriptions, indicating a focus on the actions or subjects rather than the actors. The study also examined the usage of personal pronouns, finding a higher frequency of third-person pronouns, suggesting a more objective narrative style. These findings offer valuable insights into the linguistic choices of Arab EFL students in academic writing, providing a deeper understanding of their communicative intentions and alignment with academic discourse conventions. The results can guide future research on linguistic patterns in academic writing and help educators support EFL students in improving their writing skills.

The background and problem statement to the study is the first part of the research and so, gives the reader a first impression. The background should explain the meaning of the concepts/variables; pay particular attention to the dependent variable; state its importance; and then link or relate it to the independent variables with appropriate references; but proceeding from general to specifics, It is what gives the reader the impression that the researcher has a good understanding of the research topic; and of course, the subject matter. This study aims to perform a genre analysis on the apparent structural linguistics and grammatical patterns of 30 PhD theses’ introductions and problem statements written by Arabic scholars in English, focusing primarily on the language structure and macro-level move analysis of the selected theses. This study used an updated CARS framework (Swales, 1990) for the move analysis which comprises three primary moves as the theoretical frame. There are three stages to this study. Stage 1 entails the data collection which is important to gain entry to the particular settings in the articles. The 30 PhD theses were accessed from various university library databases; their copies were later compiled in computer-readable form. Stage 2 entails the corpus compilation stage where the theses were edited and saved as a raw corpus to manually tag the moves and search the structural linguistics prior to conducting the search process. The final stage entails the genre analysis which consists of the move analysis and structural analysis. The main findings revealed that the problem statements and introductions of the descriptive theses are made up of two mandatory moves (Move 1: Situating the Research and Move 2: Presenting the Research) and three elective moves. Meanwhile, the informative theses comprise three mandatory moves (Move 1: Situating the Research, Move 2: Presenting the Research, and Move 3: Describing the Problem) along with two elective moves. The findings revealed differences between the descriptive and informative theses, whereby more phrasal lexical bundles exist compared to clausal ones. This study hence suggests the development of a viable pedagogical template to be integrated into the syllabus, which would serve as a coping strategy for students in responding to the rigorous demands of academic writing.

Tribal fanaticism and lack of transparency is a phenomenon that has invaded contemporary societies, and Jordanian society, like other societies, has been affected by this dangerous phenomenon. When tribal fanaticism shifts from the positive side to the negative, the level of classism and nepotism increases, and the deviation from the correct Islamic foundations increases. Omar bin Abdul Aziz motivated by the fear of God took care of the citizens, and he made sure that everyone was equal. Omar’s justice appears through holding the workers accountable in the state, and it was from what Wahb bin Munabbih wrote to Omar bin Abdul Aziz: “I lost one dinar from the Muslim treasury, and Omar replied to him with a letter saying: “I do not accuse you of your religion and trust, but I accuse you of wasting and negligence, and I am responsible for the Muslims’ money before God, and peace be upon you.” (Ibn Abd al-Hakam, 1984, p. 65). The study aimed to highlight the class and nepotism in Jordanian society and a showing the impact of Omar bin Abdul Aziz’s approach in eliminating them, and the study reached results, the most important of which is that despite the royal directives in Jordan and the legislative laws to eliminate the consequences of clan fanaticism, its impact is still present and these effects can be observed through class, nepotism, and lack of transparency among the responsible authorities in Jordanian society which led to an increase in poverty, lack of services for it, and the increasing deficit of the state treasury every year, and it also led to weak community cohesion and the creation of social stratification.

This research seeks to deduce Omar bin Abdul Aziz's reformist strategy for dealing with tribal intolerance in Umayyad society to attain social stability. Despite the turmoil and sectarianism that afflicted it, the period of Omar bin Abdul Aziz was a golden period in Islamic history, with social stability that contributed to the stability of society and country. Tribal intolerance is a sociological phenomenon that still exists in some societies and is one of today’s most serious social issues. The researcher used an inductive method to look into texts narrated by Umar bin Abdul Aziz and narrated in its reliable sources. He derived his approach to the treatment of tribal intolerance from them. The study came to several conclusions, the most significant of which is that there must be foundations that countries consider while addressing tribal intolerance, A number of them were determined by the researcher from what was narrated by Omar bin Abdul Aziz. The most important of which was what Omar did, including establishing justice and asceticism in life and achieving equality among the members of society. This study also found that religion is the most effective deterrent to tribal intolerance and that class categorization and nepotism will emerge without it. The research advised that Omar bin Abdul Aziz's strategies for combating tribal intolerance be taught in the school curriculum, as well as the need for justice and equality to eliminate the problem of tribal intolerance.