Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials are used to reinforce and repair subsea pipelines in the oil and gas (O&G) industry due to their great strength-to-weight ratio as well as corrosion resistance. The extreme environmental conditions that subsea pipelines must endure include high pressure, high temperature, as well as corrosion. Modelling the effects of these conditions on the repaired pipeline can be challenging, and inaccuracies in modelling the underwater environment can lead to incorrect predictions regarding the repaired pipeline's behaviour. The finite element method (FEM)’s capabilities, as well as applications, are examined in this work. FEM is being used in place of time-consuming processes and conventional codes since they have demonstrated their strength as prediction tools. This article provides information on the to better understand the accuracy and reliability of the FEA modelling techniques used to simulate the behaviour of the FRP repair system under different operating conditions. The descriptions focus on the many types of composite fibres and the qualities that come from their components. Related document gathering was conducted from 2018-2022 and research on 53 papers were downloaded and acquired from the Scopus and Science Direct database. The review also discusses the insight into the practical implementation of finite element analysis (FEA) modelling involves understanding how FEA is used to solve real-world problems. Moreover, the findings show that by diversifying the FRP materials used in the repair design, the overall performance of the repaired pipeline can be optimized, leading to increased safety and reliability in subsea O&G operations. Also, the scope for future studies.

The application of Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-compacting Concrete (SFRSC) in the construction of structural elements is seen as an alternative solution to the complication in placing the reinforcement and compaction of normally vibrated concrete. The main advantage of SFRSC is the ability to be properly poured in place, filling the formwork corners and small voids between reinforcement bars by means of its own weight. Many research had been done in exploring the structural performance of SFRSC due to the enhanced engineering and mechanical properties. The incorporation of steel fibres in the mix has been found to enhance the hardened properties of self-compacting concrete in terms of its tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity and as well as fracture toughness. The objective of this paper is to review the work done by previous researchers on the performance of SFRSC in slab structures. The knowledge could be used as a guide in expanding the application of SFRSC as the main material in the construction of slab elements.

Concrete structure deterioration and design deficiencies are stated as serious problems that frequently occur in the construction industry. It may lead to the loss of strength, stiffness, durability, and ductility of the existing structure. Therefore, an immediate structural strengthening must be highly considered to improve and repair the structure performance due to which the structure may fail to serve its purpose. The aim of this paper is to provide review of the structure strengthening methods for reinforced concrete columns proposed by researchers in the past two decades. However, the scope of this review paper is limited only to reinforced concrete columns retrofit by using the material of shape memory alloy (SMA). At the end of this paper, a suitable SMA form will be proposed for the future direction of research into this strengthening method.

Ribbed slab provides lighter slab than an equivalent solid slab which helps in reducing the weight with its voids. However, in order to overcome the drawbacks in the construction process, the application of steel fibre reinforcement concrete (SFRC) is seen as an alternative material to be used in the slab. This study is performed to investigate the behaviour of SFRC as the main material in ribbed slab, omitting the conventional reinforcements, under four-point bending test. Three equivalent samples of ribbed slabs were prepared for this study with variations in the topping thickness of 100, 75 and 50 mm. The flexural strength of ribbed slab with 100 mm topping shows similar loading carrying capacity with the 75mm topping while 50 mm gave the lowest ultimate loading. First cracks for all slabs occurred at the topping. The cracks began from the external ribs and propagates toward the internal rib. Incorporation of steel fibres help in giving a longer deflection softening than a sudden brittle failure, thus proves its ability to increase energy absorption capacity and improving cracking behaviour.

Repairing and strengthening the structures are gaining more attention from many researchers and structural engineers after the structures suffered damages from natural disasters. Tunnel form RC buildings which are not designed according to seismic code of practice are very vulnerable to ground motion when located to near field earthquake. This paper presents the method of repair and strengthening of 3-storey tunnel form building subjected to in-plane lateral cyclic loading. The building was strengthened using the combination method of steel angle, steel plate and Carbon Fiber Reinforce Polymer (CFRP) sheet. The results show that the lateral strength capacity is increase by 15.66%, ductility increase by 53.57% and equivalent viscous damping increase by 28.88% for the first cycle and 33.65% for the second cycle. However, the stiffness of the structure reduce by 56.6%. It can be concluded that this method can be adopted for the damage of tunnel form building system.