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It is essential to maintain the health of forests so that they are protected against a diverse range of stressors and show improved resilience. An area-based forest health map is required for efficient forest management on a national scale however, most national forest inventories are based on in-situ observations. This study examined methodologies to establish an area-based map on tree vitality grade using field survey data, particularly that containing information on several trees at one point. The forest health monitoring dataset of the Republic of Korea was used in combination with 37 satellite-based environmental predictors. Four methods were considered: Multinomial logistic regression (MLR), random forest classification (RF), indicator kriging (IK), and multi-model ensemble (MME) approaches using species distribution models. The MLR and RF produced biased results, whereby almost all regions were classified as first grade; the spatialization results of these methods were considered inappropriate for forest management. The maps produced using the IK and MME methods improved the distinctions between the distributions of five grades compared to the previous two methodologies however, the MME method produced better results, reliably reflecting topographical and climatic characteristics. Comparisons with the vegetation condition index and bioclimate vulnerability index also emphasized the usefulness of the MME. This study is particularly relevant to the national forest managers who struggle to find the most effective forest monitoring and management strategies. Suggestions to improve spatialization of field survey data are further discussed.
Yuyoung Choi; Hye Chung; Chul-Hee Lim; Jun-Hee Lee; Won Choi; Seong Jeon. Multi-Model Approaches to the Spatialization of Tree Vitality Surveys: Constructing a National Tree Vitality Map. Forests 2021, 12, 1009 .
AMA StyleYuyoung Choi, Hye Chung, Chul-Hee Lim, Jun-Hee Lee, Won Choi, Seong Jeon. Multi-Model Approaches to the Spatialization of Tree Vitality Surveys: Constructing a National Tree Vitality Map. Forests. 2021; 12 (8):1009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuyoung Choi; Hye Chung; Chul-Hee Lim; Jun-Hee Lee; Won Choi; Seong Jeon. 2021. "Multi-Model Approaches to the Spatialization of Tree Vitality Surveys: Constructing a National Tree Vitality Map." Forests 12, no. 8: 1009.
Rapid urbanization has led to several severe environmental problems, including so-called heat island effects, which can be mitigated by creating more urban green spaces. However, the temperature of various surfaces differs and precise measurement and analyses are required to determine the “coolest” of these. Therefore, we evaluated the accuracy of surface temperature data based on thermal infrared (TIR) cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have recently been utilized for the spatial analysis of surface temperatures. Accordingly, we investigated land surface temperatures (LSTs) in green spaces, specifically those of different land cover types in an urban park in Korea. We compared and analyzed LST data generated by a thermal infrared (TIR) camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and LST data from the Landsat 8 satellite for seven specific periods. For comparison and evaluation, we measured in situ LSTs using contact thermometers. The UAV TIR LST showed higher accuracy (R2 0.912, root mean square error (RMSE) 3.502 °C) than Landsat TIR LST accuracy (R2 value lower than 0.3 and RMSE of 7.246 °C) in all periods. The Landsat TIR LST did not show distinct LST characteristics by period and land cover type; however, grassland, the largest land cover type in the study area, showed the highest accuracy. With regard to the accuracy of the UAV TIR LST by season, the accuracy was higher in summer and spring (
Dongwoo Kim; Jaejin Yu; Jeongho Yoon; Seongwoo Jeon; Seungwoo Son. Comparison of Accuracy of Surface Temperature Images from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Satellite for Precise Thermal Environment Monitoring of Urban Parks Using In Situ Data. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1977 .
AMA StyleDongwoo Kim, Jaejin Yu, Jeongho Yoon, Seongwoo Jeon, Seungwoo Son. Comparison of Accuracy of Surface Temperature Images from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Satellite for Precise Thermal Environment Monitoring of Urban Parks Using In Situ Data. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (10):1977.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongwoo Kim; Jaejin Yu; Jeongho Yoon; Seongwoo Jeon; Seungwoo Son. 2021. "Comparison of Accuracy of Surface Temperature Images from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Satellite for Precise Thermal Environment Monitoring of Urban Parks Using In Situ Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10: 1977.
Over the past century, the decline in biodiversity due to climate change and habitat loss has become unprecedentedly serious. Multiple drivers, including climate change, land-use/cover change, and qualitative change in habitat need to be considered in an integrated approach, which has rarely been taken, to create an effective conservation strategy. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate and map the combined impacts of those multiple drivers on biodiversity in the Republic of Korea (ROK). To this end, biodiversity persistence (BP) was simulated by employing generalized dissimilarity modeling with estimates of habitat conditions. Habitat Condition Index was newly developed based on national survey datasets to represent the changes in habitat quality according to the land cover changes and forest management, especially after the ROK's National Reforestation Programme. The changes in habitat conditions were simulated for a period ranging from the 1960s to the 2010s; additionally, future (2050s) spatial scenarios were constructed. By focusing on the changes in forest habitat quality along with climate and land use, this study quantitatively and spatially analyzed the changes in BP over time and presented the effects of reforestation and forest management. The results revealed that continuous forest management had a positive impact on BP by offsetting the negative effects of past urbanization. Improvements in forest habitat quality also can effectively reduce the negative impacts of climate change. This quantitative analysis of successful forest restoration in Korea proved that economic development and urbanization could be in parallel with biodiversity enhancement. Nevertheless, current forest management practices were found to be insufficient in fully offsetting the decline in future BP caused by climate change. This indicates that there is a need for additional measures along with mitigation of climate change to maintain the current biodiversity level.
Yuyoung Choi; Chul-Hee Lim; Hye In Chung; Yoonji Kim; Hyo Jin Cho; Jinhoo Hwang; Florian Kraxner; Gregory S. Biging; Woo-Kyun Lee; Jinhyung Chon; Seong Woo Jeon. Forest management can mitigate negative impacts of climate and land-use change on plant biodiversity: Insights from the Republic of Korea. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 288, 112400 .
AMA StyleYuyoung Choi, Chul-Hee Lim, Hye In Chung, Yoonji Kim, Hyo Jin Cho, Jinhoo Hwang, Florian Kraxner, Gregory S. Biging, Woo-Kyun Lee, Jinhyung Chon, Seong Woo Jeon. Forest management can mitigate negative impacts of climate and land-use change on plant biodiversity: Insights from the Republic of Korea. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 288 ():112400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuyoung Choi; Chul-Hee Lim; Hye In Chung; Yoonji Kim; Hyo Jin Cho; Jinhoo Hwang; Florian Kraxner; Gregory S. Biging; Woo-Kyun Lee; Jinhyung Chon; Seong Woo Jeon. 2021. "Forest management can mitigate negative impacts of climate and land-use change on plant biodiversity: Insights from the Republic of Korea." Journal of Environmental Management 288, no. : 112400.
Global land degradation and urbanization are rapidly progressing during the 21st century. Herein, we assessed Spatio-temporal changes in global land cover using categorical intensity analyses from 1992 to 2018 to evaluate global land degradation and urbanization. Specifically, we evaluated the decrease, increase, and expansion processes and observed temporal differences. These evaluations were performed on a global scale across continents and climates at a category level for six-term intervals. Intensity analysis is a means of characterizing differences between sets at multiple time points using mathematics. In this study, inputs were gridded land cover from 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, 2015, and 2018 and for six land categories: “Cropland,” “Forest,” “Shrubland,” “Built,” “Bare areas,” and “Other” The analysis of change for the 26 years shows that the cropland area increased globally by 786,656 km2 between 1992 and 2018. The areas occupied by forests continuously decreased by 936,960 km2, especially in South America which experienced the highest decline. Urban areas increased by 436,084 km2, with the highest increase observed in temperate regions. This paper concludes that for the last 26 years, land has been converted and degraded attributable to urbanization in temperate regions. Additionally, in South America and tropical regions, the expansion of cropland is the biggest contributor to the decline in “Forests” and “Shrubland”. The largest component of change was observed for the “Built” category. while, “Forest” and “Cropland” experienced significant losses and gains in the first, second, and third intervals.
M Lamchin; Thomas Bilintoh; Woo-Kyun Lee; Altansukh Ochir; Chul-Hee Lim. Exploring Spatio-temporal change in global land cover using categorical intensity analysis. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleM Lamchin, Thomas Bilintoh, Woo-Kyun Lee, Altansukh Ochir, Chul-Hee Lim. Exploring Spatio-temporal change in global land cover using categorical intensity analysis. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Lamchin; Thomas Bilintoh; Woo-Kyun Lee; Altansukh Ochir; Chul-Hee Lim. 2021. "Exploring Spatio-temporal change in global land cover using categorical intensity analysis." , no. : 1.
In Korea, where more than half of annual precipitation (55%, 653.9 mm) occurs during the rainy season (June ~ September), it is difficult to efficiently store and manage water resources. These challenges are likely to be exacerbated by climate change, the impact of which was demonstrated in the summer of 2020 in the form of an unprecedented long rainy season. The purpose of this study is to help establish efficient future water resource management and water-related disaster prevention measures in response to climate change. Application of the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System) model was evaluated for simulation of rainfall runoff for the Daecheong Dam basin. During model set-up, parameter values for loss, transform and routing methods were calculated based on land cover/land use status and soil type. The calibration results for rainfall runoff at Junction-22 for the year of 2008 showed an excellent Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) value of 0.732, proving the high accuracy of the model. Simulation results for runoff volume at the same junction in 2017 using calibrated parameter values showed an acceptable NSE value of 0.535. Thus, the overall model efficiency of HEC-HMS was validated. The results of a pilot simulation of the impact of climate change on runoff volume under RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 for the year 2050 forecast potential exacerbation of the seasonality in precipitation, in addition to showing a dissimilar pattern from the present, suggesting potential water management issues. Since future management methods should take into account the intensity and frequency of precipitation during the dry and rainy seasons, which vary due to climate change, validation of the HEC-HMS as a tool for predicting runoff volume in the mid- to long-term future is important.
Yoonji Kim; Jieun Yu; Kyungil Lee; Hyun Chan Sung; Seong Woo Jeon. Application of the HEC-HMS Model for Prediction of Future Rainfall Runoff in the Daecheong Dam Basin of the Geum River. Journal of Climate Change Research 2020, 11, 609 -619.
AMA StyleYoonji Kim, Jieun Yu, Kyungil Lee, Hyun Chan Sung, Seong Woo Jeon. Application of the HEC-HMS Model for Prediction of Future Rainfall Runoff in the Daecheong Dam Basin of the Geum River. Journal of Climate Change Research. 2020; 11 (6-1):609-619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoonji Kim; Jieun Yu; Kyungil Lee; Hyun Chan Sung; Seong Woo Jeon. 2020. "Application of the HEC-HMS Model for Prediction of Future Rainfall Runoff in the Daecheong Dam Basin of the Geum River." Journal of Climate Change Research 11, no. 6-1: 609-619.
Biotope map is a high-resolution ecological information map that reflects environmental and ecological characteristics and values, and can be used as basic data for sustainable urban management. Its utilization for establishment of urban planning is encouraged nationally, but such action has been rarely implemented. In this study, vulnerability assessment in urban thermal environments of Suwon was conducted based on a biotope map. For the vulnerability assessment, 17 indicators for exposure-sensitivity-adaptability were constructed and utilized based on existing studies related to thermal environments such as heat waves and urban heat islands. As a result of the analysis, the regions belonging to the urban biotope showed a higher overall vulnerability than the green biotope regions. Among urban biotope, higher vulnerability was found in manufacturing, residential and commercial areas with high floor-area ratio and impermeable area ratio. In the unit of administrative districts, Paldal-gu, which has the highest ratio of residential and commercial regions, showed the highest overall vulnerability. Thermal vulnerability clearly depended on the distribution of biotope type, even within the same administrative district. In conclusion, an efficient policy and budgeting regarding the thermal environment of urban city should be implemented in consideration of its biotope type and inner driving factor. This study has a meaning in that it could support the establishment of practical and efficient urban and environmental planning to improve thermal environments based on high-resolution biotope map.
Kyung Il Lee; Sung Joo Lee; Namuun Tuvshinjargal; Eun Sun Lee; Gwan Gyu Lee; Seong Woo Jeon. Study on Heat Vulnerability Assessment Using Biotope Map: A Case Study of Suwon, Korea. Journal of Climate Change Research 2020, 11, 629 -641.
AMA StyleKyung Il Lee, Sung Joo Lee, Namuun Tuvshinjargal, Eun Sun Lee, Gwan Gyu Lee, Seong Woo Jeon. Study on Heat Vulnerability Assessment Using Biotope Map: A Case Study of Suwon, Korea. Journal of Climate Change Research. 2020; 11 (6-1):629-641.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyung Il Lee; Sung Joo Lee; Namuun Tuvshinjargal; Eun Sun Lee; Gwan Gyu Lee; Seong Woo Jeon. 2020. "Study on Heat Vulnerability Assessment Using Biotope Map: A Case Study of Suwon, Korea." Journal of Climate Change Research 11, no. 6-1: 629-641.
This study predicts future land-use changes and the resulting changes in habitat quality, suggesting a method for establishing land-use management to ensure sustainable wildlife habitats. The conservation effects were verified in terms of wild animal habitat quality according to the designation of protected areas. Land-use change until 2050 was predicted using the Dyna-Conversion of Land Use Change and its effects (Dyna-CLUE) model for Jeju Island, Korea, and the change in the quality of roe deer habitats was predicted using the Integrated Valuation and Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Results indicate that, compared to 2030, urbanized area increased by 42.55 km2, farmland decreased by 81.36 km2, and natural area increased by 38.82 km2 by 2050. The average habitat quality on Jeju Island was predicted to decrease from 0.306 in 2030 to 0.303 in 2050. The average habitat quality ranged from 0.477 in 2030 to 0.476 in 2050 in protected areas and 0.281 in 2030 to 0.278 in 2050 outside protected areas. Habitat quality in protected areas was relatively high, and its reduction was limited. Areas with lower habitat quality need approaches such as expanding greenery and improving its quality. By establishing appropriate land-use plans by predicting habitat quality, wildlife habitats can be better maintained and protected, which is a primary goal of green infrastructure.
Dong-Jin Lee; Seong Jeon. Estimating Changes in Habitat Quality through Land-Use Predictions: Case Study of Roe Deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) in Jeju Island. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10123 .
AMA StyleDong-Jin Lee, Seong Jeon. Estimating Changes in Habitat Quality through Land-Use Predictions: Case Study of Roe Deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) in Jeju Island. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong-Jin Lee; Seong Jeon. 2020. "Estimating Changes in Habitat Quality through Land-Use Predictions: Case Study of Roe Deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) in Jeju Island." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10123.
Forest spatial information is regularly established and managed as basic data for national forest planning and forest policy establishment. Among them, the grade of vegetation conservation shall be investigated and evaluated according to the value of vegetation conservation. As the collection of field data over large or remote areas is difficult, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used for this purpose. Consequently, there is a need for research on UAV-monitoring and three-dimensional (3D) image generation techniques. In this study, a new method that can efficiently collect and analyze UAV spatial data to survey and assess forests was developed. Both UAV-based and LiDAR imaging methods were evaluated in conjunction with the ground control point measurement method for forest surveys. In addition, by fusing the field survey database of each target site and the UAV optical and LiDAR images, the Gongju, Samcheok, and Seogwipo regions were analyzed based on deep learning. The kappa value showed 0.59, 0.47, and 0.78 accuracy for each of the sites in terms of vegetation type (artificial or natural), and 0.68, 0.53, and 0.62 accuracy in terms of vegetation layer structure. The results of comparative analysis with ecological natural maps by establishing vegetation conservation levels show that about 83.9% of the areas are consistent. The findings verified the applicability of this UAV-based approach for the construction of geospatial information on forests. The proposed method can be useful for improving the efficiency of the Vegetation Conservation Classification system and for conducting high-resolution monitoring in forests worldwide.
Yongyan Zhu; Seongwoo Jeon; Hyunchan Sung; Yoonji Kim; Chiyoung Park; Sungeun Cha; Hyun-Woo Jo; Woo-Kyun Lee. Developing UAV-Based Forest Spatial Information and Evaluation Technology for Efficient Forest Management. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10150 .
AMA StyleYongyan Zhu, Seongwoo Jeon, Hyunchan Sung, Yoonji Kim, Chiyoung Park, Sungeun Cha, Hyun-Woo Jo, Woo-Kyun Lee. Developing UAV-Based Forest Spatial Information and Evaluation Technology for Efficient Forest Management. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongyan Zhu; Seongwoo Jeon; Hyunchan Sung; Yoonji Kim; Chiyoung Park; Sungeun Cha; Hyun-Woo Jo; Woo-Kyun Lee. 2020. "Developing UAV-Based Forest Spatial Information and Evaluation Technology for Efficient Forest Management." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10150.
Ecological damage refers to the reduction in the value of the environment due to human activities such as development. The intensity of ecosystem damage is worsening worldwide. Although the importance of restoration projects to reduce ecosystem damage is increasing, they are difficult to carry out, owing to the absence of data and monitoring of damaged areas. In this study, ecologically damaged areas for restoration in South Korea were detected using remote sensing and field surveys. For the analysis, national standardized vector datasets and Google Earth images were used; field surveys were conducted from 2018 to early 2020. Our results showed that 62% of the ecological damage that occurred in South Korea existed in forest ecosystems; the damaged areas were mostly smaller than 50,000 m2. Additionally, most of the causes and types of damage due to human activities such as development were soil erosion related. The results also suggest the importance of obtaining monitoring data on ecologically damaged areas and the importance of establishing an appropriate restoration plan using this data.
Kyungil Lee; Hyun Sung; Joung-Young Seo; Youngjae Yoo; Yoonji Kim; Jung Kook; Seong Jeon. The Integration of Remote Sensing and Field Surveys to Detect Ecologically Damaged Areas for Restoration in South Korea. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3687 .
AMA StyleKyungil Lee, Hyun Sung, Joung-Young Seo, Youngjae Yoo, Yoonji Kim, Jung Kook, Seong Jeon. The Integration of Remote Sensing and Field Surveys to Detect Ecologically Damaged Areas for Restoration in South Korea. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (22):3687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyungil Lee; Hyun Sung; Joung-Young Seo; Youngjae Yoo; Yoonji Kim; Jung Kook; Seong Jeon. 2020. "The Integration of Remote Sensing and Field Surveys to Detect Ecologically Damaged Areas for Restoration in South Korea." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22: 3687.
Analysis of the correlation between vegetation greenness and climate variable trends is important in the study of vegetation greenness. Our study used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-3rd generation data from the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer - Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (AVHRR-GIMMS NDVI3g), land cover data from the Climate Change Initiative (CCI-LC), and climate data from the Climatic Research Unit global time series (CRU TS) of climate variables (temperature and precipitation, solar radiation) over the past 33 years. First, we estimated the overall trends for vegetation greenness and climate variables over five time periods. Second, we subjected the data to correlation, regression, and residual analyses to detect correlations between vegetation greenness and different climate variables. Third, we extracted trends and correlation results by primary land cover types for each climate zone. Our study was focused at the global scale, and findings indicate that the largest decreasing trend of vegetation greenness and grasslands occurred in the mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere and in parts of South America, Africa, Saudi Arabia, and south and northeast Asia. In particular, the cold climatic zones of forest (36.6%), cropland (36.6%), and grassland (14.1%) suffered significant decline in vegetation greenness. Anthropogenic activities are mainly responsible for declining vegetation greenness particularly in northern Africa, central and western Asia. However, residual analysis shows an increase in vegetation greenness in some parts of western Europe, southern Australia, and the northern part of South America. The study also identified temperature and precipitation as the main factors responsible for controlling vegetation growth. Hot-spot areas with the largest temperature increases were found in the Amazon, Central America, southern Greenland, east Africa, south-east Asia, and other areas. However, temperatures decreased in the western part of South America, Angola, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Precipitation decreased the most from March to May over most parts of the world with high correlation (r = 0.88) in Russia Canada, northeast Asia, and central Africa. In general, climate factors were the principal drivers of the variation in vegetation greenness globally in recent years.
Munkhnasan Lamchin; Sonam Wangyel Wang; Chul-Hee Lim; Altansukh Ochir; Ukrainskiy Pavel; Belay Manju Gebru; Yuyoung Choi; Seong Woo Jeon; Woo-Kyun Lee. Understanding global spatio-temporal trends and the relationship between vegetation greenness and climate factors by land cover during 1982–2014. Global Ecology and Conservation 2020, 24, e01299 .
AMA StyleMunkhnasan Lamchin, Sonam Wangyel Wang, Chul-Hee Lim, Altansukh Ochir, Ukrainskiy Pavel, Belay Manju Gebru, Yuyoung Choi, Seong Woo Jeon, Woo-Kyun Lee. Understanding global spatio-temporal trends and the relationship between vegetation greenness and climate factors by land cover during 1982–2014. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2020; 24 ():e01299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunkhnasan Lamchin; Sonam Wangyel Wang; Chul-Hee Lim; Altansukh Ochir; Ukrainskiy Pavel; Belay Manju Gebru; Yuyoung Choi; Seong Woo Jeon; Woo-Kyun Lee. 2020. "Understanding global spatio-temporal trends and the relationship between vegetation greenness and climate factors by land cover during 1982–2014." Global Ecology and Conservation 24, no. : e01299.
Owing to their potentially wide-ranging adverse effects, invasive species are a growing global problem. The common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior (L.) Desc) is one of the most important invasive plants, necessitating management because of its tendency to “spread.” Various studies and management strategies are being conducted based on the concept of “density” because of the increasing importance of the spatial perspective in this application. Although eradicating from the outliers (low-density regions) has a high efficiency, there is a lack of validation methodology for deriving both spatial and statistical results. We formed a general validation methodology by assessing various removal scenarios based on two removal strategies, namely Outside-in and Inside-out. These approaches exhibited several removal rates, and take into account the spatial perspective by considering species density. The Outside-in strategy entails the removal of species, which commences from the low-density regions, whereas the Inside-out removal initiates from the high-density regions. To classify the spatial regions for priority removal using each strategy, we defined the density level and then processed the removal of the occurrence points for each strategy to derive generalized results. We used the species distribution model MaxEnt to determine the predicted distribution of the target species for each removal strategy applied; subsequently, the final randomly generalized occurrence point results were used as model input data. Assessment analyses were conducted based on the final probability distribution and appearance level for each scenario, which included a newly proposed index was termed the “removal effect index.” Results indicated that the efficacy of the Outside-in removal strategy exceeded that of the Inside-out strategy for all assessment analyses, with the removal effect index showing a difference of about 2–5 times between strategies in each removal rate. In addition, through numerical analysis of the changed area of each scenario, the Outside-in strategy showed a successful removal effect in the “removal management priority spatial range,” whereas the Inside-out strategy showed limitations. We confirmed the efficacy of the Outside-in strategy as an optimal removal approach that takes into account spatial information of the priority spatial range for eradication in terms of the removal effect.
Hye In Chung; Yuyoung Choi; Jieun Ryu; Seong Woo Jeon. Validating management strategies for invasive species from a spatial perspective: Common ragweed in the Republic of Korea. Environmental Science & Policy 2020, 114, 52 -63.
AMA StyleHye In Chung, Yuyoung Choi, Jieun Ryu, Seong Woo Jeon. Validating management strategies for invasive species from a spatial perspective: Common ragweed in the Republic of Korea. Environmental Science & Policy. 2020; 114 ():52-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHye In Chung; Yuyoung Choi; Jieun Ryu; Seong Woo Jeon. 2020. "Validating management strategies for invasive species from a spatial perspective: Common ragweed in the Republic of Korea." Environmental Science & Policy 114, no. : 52-63.
This study analyzed consulation data for the environmental impact assessment consultation data focusing on onshore wind power and solar power generation projects, which make up the largest share of renewable energy generation, to identify annual trends and the number of consultation cases by type. The GIS Database(DB) construction and location characteristics of existing onshore wind and solar power generation complexes were analyzed. Based on business code and project name, the number of consultations on wind power generation was 127, with another 7,700 solar power generation, showing sharp increases in both 2014 and 2017. By examining project progress based on aerial photographs and satellite images, GIS DB was constructed. Location characteristics were analyzed for wind (31 cases) and solar (42 cases) power generation complexes, which displayed accurate business boundaries. Most wind power generation plants were located in forest areas with an average annual wind speed of more than 6m/s and gentle slopes in alpine areas. In addition, they are located in areas with an excellent ecological environment, such as Ecological Zoning Map first-level areas, Ecological Conservarion Value Assessment Map first-level areas, and core and buffer regions of the Baekdudaegan protected areas. Most solar power generation plants were generated in low altitude flat forest and farmland, forestry-conservation forest, and natural environment conservation area. The results of this study can be used as basic data for effective environmental impact assessment consultations, such as creation of new power generation complexes and improved location standards.
Yongyan Zhu; Hyunchan Sung; Yoonji Kim; Sunghoon Cha; Seongwoo Jeon. Study on Location and Ecological Environmental Characteristics of Onshore Wind and Solar Generation Projects. Journal of Climate Change Research 2020, 11, 145 -153.
AMA StyleYongyan Zhu, Hyunchan Sung, Yoonji Kim, Sunghoon Cha, Seongwoo Jeon. Study on Location and Ecological Environmental Characteristics of Onshore Wind and Solar Generation Projects. Journal of Climate Change Research. 2020; 11 (3):145-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongyan Zhu; Hyunchan Sung; Yoonji Kim; Sunghoon Cha; Seongwoo Jeon. 2020. "Study on Location and Ecological Environmental Characteristics of Onshore Wind and Solar Generation Projects." Journal of Climate Change Research 11, no. 3: 145-153.
Since climate change has become a serious problem due to continuous industrialization, abnormal phenomena (such as global warming) are being intensified. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlights the serious problems of climate impacts that include natural disaster, water scarcity, loss of fauna and flora, and more. Vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, are also being intensified since the change in temperature influences the possible habitat of the disease-provoking vectors. Malaria is a serious health problem globally and the prediction of its changed distribution is necessary for its prevention. Malaria in South America had been eradicated years ago, but nowadays outbreaks have been increasing again, especially in Venezuela, perhaps associated with its economic crisis. We arranged climate data and geological data for the past, present, and future of Venezuela to compare and predict future malaria distribution due to climate change using Maxent software, a widely used Species Distribution Model. According to the prediction for potential future malaria distribution, if climate change increases continuously, malaria risk will also increase and expand into the highly populated region in northern Venezuela where more than 60% of Venezuela’s population lives. The Falcon and Zulia districts are especially exposed to the highest malaria risk, with an increase of approximately 12% and 23% respectively. Thus strengthening of health policies and decisions, especially concentrated in the Zulia and Falcon districts, is urgently needed.
No Ol Lim; Rae Ik Jang; Seong Woo Jeon. Impact of Climate Change on Potential Malaria Distribution in Venezuela. Journal of Climate Change Research 2020, 11, 11 -20.
AMA StyleNo Ol Lim, Rae Ik Jang, Seong Woo Jeon. Impact of Climate Change on Potential Malaria Distribution in Venezuela. Journal of Climate Change Research. 2020; 11 (1):11-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNo Ol Lim; Rae Ik Jang; Seong Woo Jeon. 2020. "Impact of Climate Change on Potential Malaria Distribution in Venezuela." Journal of Climate Change Research 11, no. 1: 11-20.
Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used for biodiversity assessment, habitat management, and climate change impact assessment due to their ability to quantitatively evaluate species distribution. However, due to model uncertainty, the use of SDMs in public policy management has been limited. In order to overcome the limitations, many studies have been conducted mainly focusing on an ensemble approach, which compensates for the uncertainty of a single model. Even though ensemble methodology has been proven to improve accuracy compared to single models, this was based on inner validation. As inner validation has established flaws, with using the data in the form of ‘point’, the need to assess outer validation with independent data in a polygon formations has been raised. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of a Committee Averaging (CV) ensemble methodology using outer validation. In order to minimize uncertainty beyond the methodology setting, we used Pinus thunbergii, which has spatial specificity. As the outer validation method showed more accurate evaluation results, we used outer validation indices-sensitivity, specificity and accuracy-for comparison analysis between ensemble and single model results. Single models tend to overestimate compared to ensemble models, with a high value of sensitivity and a low value of specificity, whereas ensemble models tended to decrease the spatial uncertainty of single models, with generally high values of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Accordingly, the ensemble model methodology proved to improve accuracy by reducing the uncertainty of single models. Furthermore, through comparison analysis between outer and inner validation results, we additionally interpreted differences and limitations among inner validation, and have finally confirmed the need for further consideration in interpreting the results of the inner validation for both methodologies. Hence, outer validation using independent data should also be used.
Hye In Chung; Yuyoung Choi; Jieun Ryu; Seong Woo Jeon. Accuracy Evaluation of Potential Habitat Distribution in Pinus thunbergii using a Species Distribution Model: Verification of the Ensemble Methodology. Journal of Climate Change Research 2020, 11, 37 -51.
AMA StyleHye In Chung, Yuyoung Choi, Jieun Ryu, Seong Woo Jeon. Accuracy Evaluation of Potential Habitat Distribution in Pinus thunbergii using a Species Distribution Model: Verification of the Ensemble Methodology. Journal of Climate Change Research. 2020; 11 (1):37-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHye In Chung; Yuyoung Choi; Jieun Ryu; Seong Woo Jeon. 2020. "Accuracy Evaluation of Potential Habitat Distribution in Pinus thunbergii using a Species Distribution Model: Verification of the Ensemble Methodology." Journal of Climate Change Research 11, no. 1: 37-51.
Due to the intensification of climate change, carbon absorption calculations in each country are becoming important. Management of protected areas is an important element of forest management; in Korea, Forest Conservation Zones of the Forest Protection Act are protected areas according to the Act on the Management and Improvement of Carbon Sink. However, the purpose of the Forest Protection Actʹs designation differs from that of carbon sinks, and it is not appropriate to use forest protection zones as carbon sinks. To redefine the concept of protected areas, a similar case was investigated in Japan, where forest management area is calculated by classifying natural and artificial forests. Natural forests are those protected by law. The national database of Natural Forests is used in calculating the area of forest management in natural forests. Based on the results of analyzing the Japanese legislation, we aim to redefine the scope of protected areas in Korea to include carbon sinks. As a result, Development Restriction Zones, Urban Natural Park Areas, and other areas not previously included were added to the protected areas. This resulting increase in protected area can be recognized as a carbon sink in future international statistics.
Jinhoo Hwang; Raeik Jang; Seongwoo Jeon. Redefine Scope of Protected Zone in Act on the Management and Improvement of Carbon Sink Article 10. Journal of Climate Change Research 2019, 10, 291 -297.
AMA StyleJinhoo Hwang, Raeik Jang, Seongwoo Jeon. Redefine Scope of Protected Zone in Act on the Management and Improvement of Carbon Sink Article 10. Journal of Climate Change Research. 2019; 10 (4):291-297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinhoo Hwang; Raeik Jang; Seongwoo Jeon. 2019. "Redefine Scope of Protected Zone in Act on the Management and Improvement of Carbon Sink Article 10." Journal of Climate Change Research 10, no. 4: 291-297.
Urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon that occurs in cities worldwide. Therefore, there is an increasing need for studies on the changes in UHI intensity and long-term trends based on macroscopic characteristics related to urbanization. In this study, changes in seasonal UHI intensity based on urban area were analyzed for eight Asian mega cities from 1992–2012. The results indicate that the change in pattern of UHI intensity varies for different cities and seasons. UHI intensity increased as the urban area size increased. Furthermore, the dependency of UHI intensity on the economic situation was also demonstrated. With respect to the seasons, significantly increasing trends appeared during the summer. Moreover, depending on urban characteristics such as geography and climate, increasing trends appeared during other seasons. Population was also found to affect UHI intensity by generating anthropogenic heat; however, its effect as an individual factor appeared to be insignificant. This is a macroscale study that analyzes the effect of urban area size on UHI intensity. Future studies on urbanization factors and levels influencing the UHI intensity using higher resolution materials are required
Kyungil Lee; Yoonji Kim; Hyun Chan Sung; Jieun Ryu; Seong Woo Jeon. Trend Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensity According to Urban Area Change in Asian Mega Cities. Sustainability 2019, 12, 112 .
AMA StyleKyungil Lee, Yoonji Kim, Hyun Chan Sung, Jieun Ryu, Seong Woo Jeon. Trend Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensity According to Urban Area Change in Asian Mega Cities. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyungil Lee; Yoonji Kim; Hyun Chan Sung; Jieun Ryu; Seong Woo Jeon. 2019. "Trend Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensity According to Urban Area Change in Asian Mega Cities." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 112.
Desertification is a global phenomenon caused by various processes, including climate change, vegetation processes, and human activities. The need to combat desertification is increasing in many countries. A reasonable assessment of the vulnerability or sensitivity of land cover to desertification at national scales is crucial to formulate appropriate strategies or policies for combating it. The main purpose of this work was to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of land cover to desertification in Mongolia using the MEDALUS approach. The MEDALUS method is a widely known technique for assessing desertification in the Mediterranean area. In this study, the method was adjusted to be applied to Mongolia, while the numerical methods of the MEDALUS remained the same. The modified MEDALUS method used nine factors from 2003 and 2008 to quantify the sensitivity of land to desertification. As a result, our study resulted in the calculation and spatial distribution of the Environmental Sensitive Area Index (ESAI), produced throughout Mongolia. In 2003, the middle region of the southern Mongolia had the highest sensitivity to desertification, while sensitivity in 2008 increased in the western area. Mongolia’s area with the highest ESAI range increased approximately five times, indicating rapid desertification occurring throughout Mongolia from 2003 to 2008.
Eun Jung Lee; DongFan Piao; Cholho Song; Jiwon Kim; Chul-Hee Lim; Eunji Kim; Jooyeon Moon; Menas Kafatos; Munkhnsan Lamchin; Seongwoo Jeon; Woo-Kyun Lee. Assessing environmentally sensitive land to desertification using MEDALUS method in Mongolia. Forest Science and Technology 2019, 15, 210 -220.
AMA StyleEun Jung Lee, DongFan Piao, Cholho Song, Jiwon Kim, Chul-Hee Lim, Eunji Kim, Jooyeon Moon, Menas Kafatos, Munkhnsan Lamchin, Seongwoo Jeon, Woo-Kyun Lee. Assessing environmentally sensitive land to desertification using MEDALUS method in Mongolia. Forest Science and Technology. 2019; 15 (4):210-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun Jung Lee; DongFan Piao; Cholho Song; Jiwon Kim; Chul-Hee Lim; Eunji Kim; Jooyeon Moon; Menas Kafatos; Munkhnsan Lamchin; Seongwoo Jeon; Woo-Kyun Lee. 2019. "Assessing environmentally sensitive land to desertification using MEDALUS method in Mongolia." Forest Science and Technology 15, no. 4: 210-220.
This study focused on changes in water balance attributable to severe deforestation in North Korea. The forest water supply and agricultural water demand of North Korea were quantified to identify their decoupling over the past three decades. Forest water supply and agricultural water demand before and after deforestation were estimated using the InVEST-WY (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs - Water Yield) and EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) models, respectively. Analysis of land cover change before and after deforestation showed that area under forests decreased by 25%, whereas that under cropland increased by 63%, and that the conversion from forest to cropland was the largest for the study period. As a result, agricultural water demand increased and forest water supply decreased, significantly. Analysis of the net impact of deforestation on water budgets using recent climate and two land covers showed that forest water supply decreased by 43% and agricultural water demand increased by 62%. An assessment of the water balance at the watershed level showed that the Taedong, Ryesong, and Tumen Rivers suffered the largest negative change in terms of the large gross impact of deforestation on water resources. The water balance of the entire North Korea has declined by 51% and this is attributable to deforestation. In contrast, South Korea has experienced success in national-scale afforestation in recent decades, and North Korea can emulate this. The restoration of forests in North Korea promises more than environmental benefits; it will provide a new growth engine for the prosperity of the Korean Peninsula as a whole.
Chul-Hee Lim; Cholho Song; Yuyoung Choi; Seong Woo Jeon; Woo-Kyun Lee. Decoupling of forest water supply and agricultural water demand attributable to deforestation in North Korea. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 248, 109256 .
AMA StyleChul-Hee Lim, Cholho Song, Yuyoung Choi, Seong Woo Jeon, Woo-Kyun Lee. Decoupling of forest water supply and agricultural water demand attributable to deforestation in North Korea. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 248 ():109256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChul-Hee Lim; Cholho Song; Yuyoung Choi; Seong Woo Jeon; Woo-Kyun Lee. 2019. "Decoupling of forest water supply and agricultural water demand attributable to deforestation in North Korea." Journal of Environmental Management 248, no. : 109256.
With the growing interest in healthy living worldwide, there has been an increasing demand for more accurate measurements of the concentrations of air pollutants such as NO2. In particular, analyzing the characteristics and sources of air pollutants by region could improve the effectiveness of environmental policies applied in accordance with the environmental characteristics of individual regions. In this study, a detailed nationwide NO2 concentration map was generated using the cokriging interpolation technique, which integrates ground observations and satellite image data. The root-mean-square standardized (RMSS) error for this technique was close to 1, which indicates high accuracy. Using spatially interpolated NO2 concentration data, an administrative unit map was generated. When comparing the data for four NO2 data sources (observation data, satellite image data, detailed national data interpolated using cokriging, and NO2 concentrations averaged by an administrative unit based on the interpolated NO2 concentration data), the average concentrations were highest for remote sensing data. Land use regression (LUR) models of urban and non-urban regions were then developed to analyze the characteristics of the NO2 concentration by region using NO2 concentrations for the administrative units.
Jieun Ryu; Chan Park; Seong Woo Jeon. Mapping and Statistical Analysis of NO2 Concentration for Local Government Air Quality Regulation. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3809 .
AMA StyleJieun Ryu, Chan Park, Seong Woo Jeon. Mapping and Statistical Analysis of NO2 Concentration for Local Government Air Quality Regulation. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJieun Ryu; Chan Park; Seong Woo Jeon. 2019. "Mapping and Statistical Analysis of NO2 Concentration for Local Government Air Quality Regulation." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3809.
Forests play an important role in regulating the carbon (C) cycle. The main objective of this study was to quantify the effects of South Korean national reforestation programs on carbon budgets. We estimated the changes in C stocks and annual C sequestration in the years 1961–2014 using Korea-specific models, a forest cover map (FCM), national forest inventory (NFI) data, and climate data. Furthermore, we examined the differences in C budgets between Cool forests (forests at elevations above 700 m) and forests in lower-altitude areas. Simulations including the effects of climate conditions on forest dynamics showed that the C stocks of the total forest area increased from 6.65 Tg C in 1961 to 476.21 Tg C in 2014. The model developed here showed a high degree of spatiotemporal reliability. The mean C stocks of the Cool forests and other forests increased from 4.03 and 0.43 Mg C ha−1, respectively, to 102.43 and 73.76 Mg C ha−1 at a rate of 1.82 and 1.36 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 during the same period. These results imply that, although the total Cool forest area of South Korea occupied only about 12.3% (772,788 ha) of the total forest area, the Cool forests play important roles in C balances and forest ecosystems in South Korea. Annual C sequestration totals are projected to decrease at a low rate in the near future because the overall growth rate of a mature forest decreases as the stand ages. Our results quantified forest C dynamics in South Korean forests before and after national reforestation programs. Furthermore, our results can help in development of regional and national forest management strategies to allow for sustainable development of society and to cope with climate change in South Korea.
Moonil Kim; Florian Kraxner; Yowhan Son; Seong Woo Jeon; Anatoly Shvidenko; Dmitry Schepaschenko; Bo-Young Ham; Chul-Hee Lim; Cholho Song; Mina Hong; Woo-Kyun Lee. Quantifying Impacts of National-Scale Afforestation on Carbon Budgets in South Korea from 1961 to 2014. Forests 2019, 10, 579 .
AMA StyleMoonil Kim, Florian Kraxner, Yowhan Son, Seong Woo Jeon, Anatoly Shvidenko, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Bo-Young Ham, Chul-Hee Lim, Cholho Song, Mina Hong, Woo-Kyun Lee. Quantifying Impacts of National-Scale Afforestation on Carbon Budgets in South Korea from 1961 to 2014. Forests. 2019; 10 (7):579.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoonil Kim; Florian Kraxner; Yowhan Son; Seong Woo Jeon; Anatoly Shvidenko; Dmitry Schepaschenko; Bo-Young Ham; Chul-Hee Lim; Cholho Song; Mina Hong; Woo-Kyun Lee. 2019. "Quantifying Impacts of National-Scale Afforestation on Carbon Budgets in South Korea from 1961 to 2014." Forests 10, no. 7: 579.