Aloe vera is effectively utilized to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (Av-ZnO NPs), providing an alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods. This sustainable approach minimizes the environmental impacts and enhances their compatibility with herbal ecosystems. We comprehensively analyzed the optical, structural, morphological, and catalytic properties of Av-ZnO NPs using various analytical methods. The results indicated that the nanoparticles primarily exhibited a spherical shape. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the successful formation of a highly crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure, with an average size estimated at 12.2 nm. The antimicrobial properties of the Av-ZnO NPs indicated moderate antibacterial effectiveness. Using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, we evaluated the antioxidant properties, where the Av-ZnO NPs exhibited improved the radical scavenging efficiency, reflected by a lower IC₅₀ value compared to the plant extract. Additionally, we assessed the photocatalytic functionality through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, finding that the Av-ZnO NPs achieved approximately 82.43% degradation in 210 min, demonstrating their potential for environmental remediation. These findings suggest that green-synthesized ZnO NPs could play a noteworthy role in various nanotechnology applications and biomedical fields, while also promoting environmental sustainability.

This study utilized a green synthesis approach to produce CuO nanoparticles employing flower extract of Acmella oleracea where plant-derived biomolecules served as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. XRD suggested the monoclinic phase of nanoparticles that belong to the C2/c space group with a crystallite size of 17.35 nm on average. The band gap was calculated using the Tauc model which was 2.27 eV. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, essential for nanoparticle formation, through Mayer’s, Dragendorff’s, Wagner’s, and Hager’s tests. Antimicrobial tests showed that the CuO nanoparticles had significant activity against microbes such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 1.5 to 1.8 cm. These findings highlight the potential of Acmella oleracea mediated CuO nanoparticles for biomedical and environmental applications.

This research work utilized an environmentally friendly and sustainable method to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using zinc nitrate as a precursor and the leaf extract of Swertia chirayita. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The ZnO nanoparticles were found to have a well-defined crystalline structure, with their average crystallite size measured at around 10.88 nm. Agar well diffusion was used to study the antimicrobial activity, revealing notable antibacterial and antifungal properties, indicating broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential. A degradation efficiency of 95.73 % was achieved for methylene blue (MB) dye by photocatalysis under sunlight within 210 minutes. These findings demonstrate that ZnO NPs synthesized using Swertia chirayita exhibit excellent antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties, making them promising candidates for environmental remediation and biomedicine. This study underscores the potential of green synthesis approaches for developing sustainable nanomaterials.

This work explores zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) synthesis utilizing leaf extract of the Gaultheria fragrantissima plant that are useful in medicine, environmental remediation, and cosmetics due to their antibacterial activity, photocatalytic efficiency, and UV-blocking characteristics. Traditional synthesis methods involve energy-intensive procedures and hazardous chemicals, posing environmental and human health risks. To overcome these limitations, this research focuses on utilizing G. fragrantissima, rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, with the methyl salicylate previously reported in the literature for this species, which helps reduce and stabilize NPs. ZnO NPs were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The ZnO NPs were found to have a well-defined crystalline structure, with their average crystallite size measured at around 8.26 nm. ZnO NPs exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against selected microbial strains. These findings underscore the potential of G. fragrantissima-mediated synthesis as an environmentally sustainable and efficient method for producing ZnO NPs with multifunctional applications. This study provides a greener alternative to conventional synthesis approaches, demonstrating a method that is both eco-friendly and capable of yielding NPss with desirable properties.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using an eco-friendly approach, utilizing the aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), a perennial herbaceous plant with important therapeutic uses, locally called 'Ghodtapre' in Nepali. In this work, plant extracts from C. asiatica were used to produce ZnO NPs in an environmentally friendly manner. ZnO NPs were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A noticeable absorption peak at 375 nm, which agrees with a band gap of 2.80 eV, was determined by UV analysis. The FTIR analysis confirmed the existence of functional groups that serve as capping and stabilizing agents. XRD analysis estimated 11.74 nm of the crystallite size of the ZnO NPs. According to phytochemical studies, flavonoids, tannins, quinine, terpenoids, and alkaloids are all present. Antimicrobial testing confirms the nanoparticles' effectiveness against both bacteria and fungi.

Green synthesis has emerged as a suitable alternative to the traditional method for manufacturing nanoparticles (NPs) as it provides a safer, sustainable, healthy, and environmental path for the NPs synthesis. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using a green method with locally sourced Aloe vera leaf extract. This research evaluates the phytochemical composition of Aloe vera and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Aloe vera –mediated silver nanoparticles ( Av ‐AgNPs). Thus, synthesized Av ‐AgNPs were analyzed by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The AgNP has distinct absorption peak at 401.73 nm with an optical band gap at 2.24 eV and an average crystallite size of 10.08 nm. The nanoparticles are spherical, with average size 45 nm. The FTIR study provided information on various functional groups present at Av ‐AgNPs and Aloe vera . The phytochemical analysis of Aloe vera identified the presence of secondary metabolites, including tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and quinones. Aloe vera contains a variety of functional groups and secondary metabolites that help in capping, reduction, and stability of NP. Av ‐AgNPs demonstrated potent, broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity, producing inhibition zones that were about 50%–60% as effective as the standard antibiotic, while the crude extract alone exhibited little to no antibacterial effect. The significant zone of inhibition (ZOI) on microbes and antioxidant properties of Av ‐AgNPs shows its application in biomedicine.