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Dr. Arturo Farfan Martín
Department of Cartographic and Terrain Engineering, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain

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0 Geotechnics
0 Hydrogeology
0 geothermal energy
0 Reneable resources
0 Underground hydrology

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geothermal energy

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Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia
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Low enthalpy geothermal resources play an essential role in climate change mitigation. When ensuring the correct future operation of ground-source heat pump systems, an accurate design is mandatory. In this sense, different methodologies can be implemented. Although using sophisticated software constitutes the most optimal solution, its implementation is sometimes inviable in certain projects (the increase of the initial investment required is not justified in small plants). This work is focused on evaluating and comparing procedures used in the design of shallow geothermal systems. Thus, the research includes a simple method based on manual calculations, the Climasoft free application, Earth Energy Designer (EED) software, and the new geothermal tool GES-CAL developed by researchers from the TIDOP Research Group (University of Salamanca). The objective is to evaluate this new software and compare the results of all the detailed methodologies. This comparison derives from applying these tools in the calculation of the same case study (a single-family house placed in Ávila, Spain). Results show that the easiest methods involve oversized well-field schemas that also mean higher initial investments. Regarding GES-CAL, it is considered an accurate and valid alternative for the design of all heat exchanger configurations, especially for those installations placed in the region of Ávila. However, EED is recommended to calculate high-power geothermal systems that require an exhaustive analysis of the ground and the heat carrier fluid behaviour.

ACS Style

Cristina Sáez-Blázquez; Ignacio Martín-Nieto; Arturo Farfán-Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. Evaluation of different methodologies for the design of the wellfield in shallow geothermal systems. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez-Blázquez, Ignacio Martín-Nieto, Arturo Farfán-Martín, Diego González-Aguilera. Evaluation of different methodologies for the design of the wellfield in shallow geothermal systems. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez-Blázquez; Ignacio Martín-Nieto; Arturo Farfán-Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. 2021. "Evaluation of different methodologies for the design of the wellfield in shallow geothermal systems." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2020 in Energies
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Usually thermal response tests are restricted to big geothermal projects; the high investment makes them less suitable for designing domestic low-enthalpy geothermal energy systems. The work here presented aims to study the influence of time reduction in thermal response tests on their precision. Due to the importance of the correct assessment of the thermal characterization of the ground for any kind of geothermal system, time reduction in this essay could make it more affordable to be implemented in some domestic systems. A thermal response test has been implemented, and several time intervals of the test have been considered in order to obtain different results for the thermal conductivity of the ground. The mentioned results have been then compared and also the domestic geothermal systems designed from them by the use of the geothermal software GES-CAL. Results have shown that, in some cases (our testing borehole has some singular characteristics), a significant time reduction in the data acquisition process of the thermal response test does not compromise seriously the precision of the results.

ACS Style

Ignacio Nieto; Cristina Blázquez; Arturo Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. Analysis of the Influence of Reducing the Duration of a Thermal Response Test in a Water-Filled Geothermal Borehole Located in Spain. Energies 2020, 13, 6693 .

AMA Style

Ignacio Nieto, Cristina Blázquez, Arturo Martín, Diego González-Aguilera. Analysis of the Influence of Reducing the Duration of a Thermal Response Test in a Water-Filled Geothermal Borehole Located in Spain. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ignacio Nieto; Cristina Blázquez; Arturo Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. 2020. "Analysis of the Influence of Reducing the Duration of a Thermal Response Test in a Water-Filled Geothermal Borehole Located in Spain." Energies 13, no. 24: 6693.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in Energies
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The geothermal resources in Spain have been a source of deep research in recent years and are, in general, well-defined. However, there are some areas where the records from the National Institute for Geology and Mining show thermal activity from different sources despite no geothermal resources being registered there. This is the case of the area in the south of the Duero basin where this research was carried out. Seizing the opportunity of a deep borehole being drilled in the location, some geophysical resources were used to gather information about the geothermal properties of the area. The employed geophysical methods were time-domain electromagnetics (TDEM) and borehole logging; the first provided information about the depth of the bedrock and the general geological structure, whereas the second one gave more detail on the geological composition of the different layers and a temperature record across the whole sounding. The results allowed us to establish the geothermal gradient of the area and to discern the depth of the bedrock. Using the first 200 m of the borehole logging, the thermal conductivity of the ground for shallow geothermal systems was estimated.

ACS Style

Ignacio Nieto; Pedro Carrasco García; Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera; Javier Carrasco García. Geophysical Prospecting for Geothermal Resources in the South of the Duero Basin (Spain). Energies 2020, 13, 5397 .

AMA Style

Ignacio Nieto, Pedro Carrasco García, Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Diego González-Aguilera, Javier Carrasco García. Geophysical Prospecting for Geothermal Resources in the South of the Duero Basin (Spain). Energies. 2020; 13 (20):5397.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ignacio Nieto; Pedro Carrasco García; Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera; Javier Carrasco García. 2020. "Geophysical Prospecting for Geothermal Resources in the South of the Duero Basin (Spain)." Energies 13, no. 20: 5397.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2020 in Geothermics
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The purpose of this paper is to present a new tool developed for the calculation and design of shallow closed-loop geothermal systems. Most of the available geothermal computer programs only allow to consider vertical heat exchangers configurations (i.e. single or double-U tubes), being the horizontal and helical designs excluded. As an attempt to fill this gap, GES–CAL tool, presented here, is capable of providing the complete design of all the most common configurations used in low enthalpy geothermal systems. This software was initially developed for its implementation in the region of Ávila (Spain), including the most relevant results of previous author’s researches in this area. Throughout this work, the new software is deeply described and implemented in the calculation of three different study cases. Results of GES–CAL are complementary compared with the ones obtained from the most used geothermal software, EED (Earth Energy Designer). From the analysis of these results, it was possible to conclude that GES–CAL tool constitutes an optimal solution for planning a shallow geothermal system, but especially for those installations placed in the region of Ávila. In this area, the well field can be designed in more precise way which results in lower drilling lengths and, hence, lower initial investments. The conclusions of this work indicate that GES–CAL offers remarkable advantages such as the automatic calculation of the space energy demand, the inclusion of all the heat exchanger configurations and an economic and environmental evaluation of the final geothermal solution.

ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Bláquez; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Rocío Mora; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. GES-CAL: A new computer program for the design of closed-loop geothermal energy systems. Geothermics 2020, 87, 101852 .

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Bláquez, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Rocío Mora, Arturo Farfán Martín, Diego González-Aguilera. GES-CAL: A new computer program for the design of closed-loop geothermal energy systems. Geothermics. 2020; 87 ():101852.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Bláquez; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Rocío Mora; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. 2020. "GES-CAL: A new computer program for the design of closed-loop geothermal energy systems." Geothermics 87, no. : 101852.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2020 in Remote Sensing
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This research work aims at a multinational study in Europe of the emissions and energy costs generated by the operation of low enthalpy geothermal systems, with heat pumps fed by different energy sources. From an economic point of view, natural gas and biogas prices are, usually, lower than electricity ones. So it may be advantageous to use these energy sources to feed the heat pumps instead of electricity. From the environmental point of view, it is intended to highlight the fact that under certain conditions of electricity production (electricity mix), more CO2 emissions are produced by electricity consumption than using other a priori less “clean” energy sources such as natural gas. To establish the countries where each of the different heat pumps may be more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, data from multi-source geospatial databases have been collected and analyzed. The results show that in the majority of cases, the electric heat pump is the most recommendable solution. However, there are some geographic locations (such as Poland and Estonia), where the gas engine heat pump may be a better alternative.

ACS Style

Ignacio Martín Nieto; David Borge-Diez; Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. Study on Geospatial Distribution of the Efficiency and Sustainability of Different Energy-Driven Heat Pumps Included in Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems in Europe. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 1093 .

AMA Style

Ignacio Martín Nieto, David Borge-Diez, Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Diego González-Aguilera. Study on Geospatial Distribution of the Efficiency and Sustainability of Different Energy-Driven Heat Pumps Included in Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems in Europe. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (7):1093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ignacio Martín Nieto; David Borge-Diez; Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. 2020. "Study on Geospatial Distribution of the Efficiency and Sustainability of Different Energy-Driven Heat Pumps Included in Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems in Europe." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7: 1093.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2020 in Energies
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Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are becoming popular in space heating and cooling applications. Despite this fact, in most countries, the role of this energy is not as important as it should be nowadays according to its capabilities for energy generation without CO2 emissions, mainly due to the lack of technical knowledge about GSHP performance. The analysis of the physical processes that take part in the geothermal exchanges is necessary to allow the optimal exploitation of the geothermal resources. For all the above, an experimental geothermal device was built in the laboratory to control the phenomena that take place in a borehole heat exchanger (BHE). A 1-m high single-U heat exchanger was inserted in the center of a polyethylene container which also included granular material (surrounding ground) and the grouting material. Temperature sensors were situated in different positions of the experimental setup. Physical processes are evaluated to finally validate the model. Numerous applications can be developed from the experimental BHE. In this research, the determination of the thermal conductivity of the material used as medium was carried out. Results of this parameter were also compared with the ones obtained from the use of the KD2 Pro device.

ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Laura Piedelobo; Jesús Fernández-Hernández; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Susana Lagüela; Diego González-Aguilera. Novel Experimental Device to Monitor the Ground Thermal Exchange in a Borehole Heat Exchanger. Energies 2020, 13, 1270 .

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Laura Piedelobo, Jesús Fernández-Hernández, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Arturo Farfán Martín, Susana Lagüela, Diego González-Aguilera. Novel Experimental Device to Monitor the Ground Thermal Exchange in a Borehole Heat Exchanger. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Laura Piedelobo; Jesús Fernández-Hernández; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Susana Lagüela; Diego González-Aguilera. 2020. "Novel Experimental Device to Monitor the Ground Thermal Exchange in a Borehole Heat Exchanger." Energies 13, no. 5: 1270.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2019 in Geothermics
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Very low enthalpy geothermal systems have been traditionally associated to the use of electricity as primary energy heat pumps supply. Gas engine heat pumps (GEHP) have been recently introduced in the current market. In this research, the electric heat pumps (EHP) as well as the GEHPs (considering natural gas and biogas as combustibles) have been analysed. The calculation of the ground source heat pump (GSHP) system has been made for a building placed in three different areas. Results reveal the influence of the heat pump configuration on the whole geothermal design. This research finally considers the European policies whose aim is a sustainable low-carbon economy by 2020. According to the existing Energy Efficiency Directive, energy requirements are defined for new and existing residential and non-residential buildings in the Member States. Based on these standards, the research compares the geothermal heat pump scenarios and a traditional one to determine if they would meet the regulation. Final results show that the Directive is a highly-demanding regulation that can only be respected by using EHP in one of the areas. The rest of geothermal heat pumps scenarios are much closer to meeting the energy standards than the traditional fossil heating sources.

ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; David Borge-Diez; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. Technical optimization of the energy supply in geothermal heat pumps. Geothermics 2019, 81, 133 -142.

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, David Borge-Diez, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Arturo Farfán Martín, Diego González-Aguilera. Technical optimization of the energy supply in geothermal heat pumps. Geothermics. 2019; 81 ():133-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; David Borge-Diez; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. 2019. "Technical optimization of the energy supply in geothermal heat pumps." Geothermics 81, no. : 133-142.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2019 in Energies
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In ground source heat pump systems, the thermal properties of the ground, where the well field is planned to be located, are essential for proper geothermal design. In this regard, estimation of ground thermal conductivity has been carried out by the implementation of different techniques and laboratory tests. In this study, several methods to obtain the thermal properties of the ground are applied in order to compare them with the reference thermal response test (TRT). These methods (included in previous research works) are carried out in the same geological environment and on the same borehole, in order to make an accurate comparison. All of them provide a certain value for the thermal conductivity of the borehole. These results are compared to the one obtained from the TRT carried out in the same borehole. The conclusions of this research allow the validation of alternative solutions based on the use of a thermal conductive equipment and the application of geophysics techniques. Seismic prospecting has been proven as a highly recommendable indicator of the thermal conductivity of a borehole column, obtaining rate errors of below 1.5%.

ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera; Pedro Carrasco García. Comparative Analysis of Different Methodologies Used to Estimate the Ground Thermal Conductivity in Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems. Energies 2019, 12, 1672 .

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Arturo Farfán Martín, Diego González-Aguilera, Pedro Carrasco García. Comparative Analysis of Different Methodologies Used to Estimate the Ground Thermal Conductivity in Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems. Energies. 2019; 12 (9):1672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera; Pedro Carrasco García. 2019. "Comparative Analysis of Different Methodologies Used to Estimate the Ground Thermal Conductivity in Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems." Energies 12, no. 9: 1672.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2019 in Geothermics
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In designing low enthalpy geothermal systems, the ideal location and length of the boreholes in the well-field is the key to improve the performance and reduce the costs of the installation. The correct assessment of the heat conductivity of the ground (λ) plays also a very important role in estimating the amount of energy that we are going to be able to obtain from the subsoil and the ideal pace of the process. In low enthalpy geothermal installations based on granite type environments is especially important to improve the information we have from the subsoil at a small scale. This is due to the great horizontal variation we can find on this kind of terrain. Electrical conductivity (C = 1/ρ, ρ = resistivity in ohm meters) can be related to thermal conductivity (λ) of many rock types (Directive (EU), 2019) (see Robertson, 1988). We show that a 3D electrical resistivity survey can be used as a proxy for λ in terrain with weathered and solid granitic rock. Knowledge of λ is essential for the design of efficient ground source heat pump systems that use vertical wells for closed-loop systems. Shorter well lengths are accomplished if wells are in solid granite with high λ. Furthermore the electrical resistivity survey identifies low density, clayey subsurface materials that may require specialized drilling methods. Project cost savings can result from shorter borehole lengths, number of holes, and correct drilling methods.

ACS Style

Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Diego González Aguilera; Pedro Carrasco García; Emilio Farfán Vasco; Javier Carrasco García. Use of 3D electrical resistivity tomography to improve the design of low enthalpy geothermal systems. Geothermics 2019, 79, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Ignacio Martín Nieto, Arturo Farfán Martín, Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Diego González Aguilera, Pedro Carrasco García, Emilio Farfán Vasco, Javier Carrasco García. Use of 3D electrical resistivity tomography to improve the design of low enthalpy geothermal systems. Geothermics. 2019; 79 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Diego González Aguilera; Pedro Carrasco García; Emilio Farfán Vasco; Javier Carrasco García. 2019. "Use of 3D electrical resistivity tomography to improve the design of low enthalpy geothermal systems." Geothermics 79, no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in DYNA
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This work constitutes a novel contribution of engineering and the university, carried out through analysis of the text content from the main sources of information on climate change and its effects, consisting of the declarations of the major Climate Summits (COP.1 to COP.22) and the reports of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2007 and 2014).

ACS Style

Juan Ignacio Canelo Perez; Susana Laguela Lopez; Pedro Mas Alique; Arturo Farfán Martín. SECURITY OF LIFE ON THE PLANET, DERIVED FROM AN ANALYSIS OF THE AGREEMENTS OF THE WORLD CLIMATE SUMMITS AND THE IPCC REPORTS. DYNA 2018, 93, 467 -467.

AMA Style

Juan Ignacio Canelo Perez, Susana Laguela Lopez, Pedro Mas Alique, Arturo Farfán Martín. SECURITY OF LIFE ON THE PLANET, DERIVED FROM AN ANALYSIS OF THE AGREEMENTS OF THE WORLD CLIMATE SUMMITS AND THE IPCC REPORTS. DYNA. 2018; 93 (1):467-467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Ignacio Canelo Perez; Susana Laguela Lopez; Pedro Mas Alique; Arturo Farfán Martín. 2018. "SECURITY OF LIFE ON THE PLANET, DERIVED FROM AN ANALYSIS OF THE AGREEMENTS OF THE WORLD CLIMATE SUMMITS AND THE IPCC REPORTS." DYNA 93, no. 1: 467-467.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2018 in Energies
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As a renewable energy source, geothermal energy can provide base-load power supply both for electricity and direct uses, such as space heating. Regarding this last use, in the present study, district heating systems aided by geothermal energy, the so-called geothermal district heating systems, are studied. Thus, three different options of a geothermal district heating system are evaluated and compared in terms of environmental and economic aspects with a traditional fossil installation. Calculations were carried out from a particular study case, a set of buildings located Province of León in the north of Spain. From real data of each of the assumptions considered, an exhaustive comparison among the different scenarios studied, was thoroughly made. Results revealed the most suitable option from an economic point of view but always considering the environmental impacts of each one. In this regard, the assumption of a district heating system totally supplied by geothermal energy clearly stands out from the rest of options. Thus, the manuscript main objective is to emphasise the advantages of these systems as they constitute the ideal solution from both the economic and environmental parameters analysed.

ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Diego González-Aguilera. Economic and Environmental Analysis of Different District Heating Systems Aided by Geothermal Energy. Energies 2018, 11, 1265 .

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Diego González-Aguilera. Economic and Environmental Analysis of Different District Heating Systems Aided by Geothermal Energy. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Diego González-Aguilera. 2018. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of Different District Heating Systems Aided by Geothermal Energy." Energies 11, no. 5: 1265.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Geothermics
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ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Pedro Carrasco García; Diego González-Aguilera. Thermal conductivity characterization of three geological formations by the implementation of geophysical methods. Geothermics 2018, 72, 101 -111.

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Pedro Carrasco García, Diego González-Aguilera. Thermal conductivity characterization of three geological formations by the implementation of geophysical methods. Geothermics. 2018; 72 ():101-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Pedro Carrasco García; Diego González-Aguilera. 2018. "Thermal conductivity characterization of three geological formations by the implementation of geophysical methods." Geothermics 72, no. : 101-111.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Renewable Energy
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Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Pedro Carrasco García; Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez; Diego González-Aguilera. Analysis and study of different grouting materials in vertical geothermal closed-loop systems. Renewable Energy 2017, 114, 1189 -1200.

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Pedro Carrasco García, Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez, Diego González-Aguilera. Analysis and study of different grouting materials in vertical geothermal closed-loop systems. Renewable Energy. 2017; 114 ():1189-1200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Pedro Carrasco García; Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez; Diego González-Aguilera. 2017. "Analysis and study of different grouting materials in vertical geothermal closed-loop systems." Renewable Energy 114, no. : 1189-1200.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2017 in Energies
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The thermal conductivity of soils and rocks constitutes an important property for the design of geothermal energy foundations and borehole heat exchange systems. Therefore, it is interesting to find new alternatives to define this parameter involved in the calculation of very low enthalpy geothermal installations. This work presents the development of an experimental set-up for measurements of thermal conductivity of soils and rocks. The device was designed based on the principle of the Guarded Hot Plate method using as heat source a laboratory heater. The thermal conductivity of thirteen rocky and soil samples was experimentally measured. Results are finally compared with the most common thermal conductivity values for each material. In summary, the aim of the present research is suggesting a procedure to determine the thermal conductivity parameter by a simple and economic way. Thus, increases of the final price of these systems that techniques such as the “Thermal Response Test” (TRT) involvs, could be avoided. Calculations with software “Earth Energy Designer” (EED) highlighted the importance of knowing the thermal conductivity of the surrounding ground of these geothermal systems.

ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Diego Gonzalez-Aguilera. Measuring of Thermal Conductivities of Soils and Rocks to Be Used in the Calculation of A Geothermal Installation. Energies 2017, 10, 795 .

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Diego Gonzalez-Aguilera. Measuring of Thermal Conductivities of Soils and Rocks to Be Used in the Calculation of A Geothermal Installation. Energies. 2017; 10 (6):795.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Diego Gonzalez-Aguilera. 2017. "Measuring of Thermal Conductivities of Soils and Rocks to Be Used in the Calculation of A Geothermal Installation." Energies 10, no. 6: 795.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2017 in Energies
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In vertical closed-loop systems, it is common to use single or double U-tube heat exchangers separated by longitudinal spacers. In addition, the helical-shaped pipe is another configuration that requires lower drilling lengths but it is less used. The aim of the present research is to study the influence of these components on the total efficiency of a borehole heat exchanger (BHE). Thus, the differences between using single/double U-tubes (with or without spacers) and helical pipes are analysed in terms of efficiency. Through different laboratory tests, a small vertical closed-loop system was simulated in order to analyse all these possible configurations. The grouting materials and the temperatures of the ground were modified at the same time in these tests. Regarding the heat exchange process between the ground and the heat carrier fluid, it must be highlighted that the best results were obtained for the helical-shaped pipe configuration. Some of the improvements offered by this heat exchanger typology with respect to the vertical configuration is that a lower drilling depth is required even it requires a larger diameter. This leads to significant economic savings in the performing drilling process. Finally, it is also worth noting the importance of using spacers in vertical U-tubes and that no improvements have been found regarding the use of single or double configuration of U-tubes. Thanks to the laboratory results derived from this study it is possible to establish the optimum behaviour pattern for the entire vertical closed-loop systems.

ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Pedro Carrasco García; Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez; Diego González-Aguilera. Efficiency Analysis of the Main Components of a Vertical Closed-Loop System in a Borehole Heat Exchanger. Energies 2017, 10, 201 .

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Pedro Carrasco García, Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez, Diego González-Aguilera. Efficiency Analysis of the Main Components of a Vertical Closed-Loop System in a Borehole Heat Exchanger. Energies. 2017; 10 (2):201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Pedro Carrasco García; Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez; Diego González-Aguilera. 2017. "Efficiency Analysis of the Main Components of a Vertical Closed-Loop System in a Borehole Heat Exchanger." Energies 10, no. 2: 201.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in DYNA
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ACS Style

Sara Jiménez Del Caso; Emilio Lopez Cano; Arturo Farfán Martín; Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Javier M. Moguerza. ANÁLISIS DE VARIABLES PREDICTIVAS RELEVANTES EN EL MERCADO DIARIO DE LA ELECTRICIDAD. DYNA 2017, 92, 617 -618.

AMA Style

Sara Jiménez Del Caso, Emilio Lopez Cano, Arturo Farfán Martín, Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Javier M. Moguerza. ANÁLISIS DE VARIABLES PREDICTIVAS RELEVANTES EN EL MERCADO DIARIO DE LA ELECTRICIDAD. DYNA. 2017; 92 (1):617-618.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Jiménez Del Caso; Emilio Lopez Cano; Arturo Farfán Martín; Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Javier M. Moguerza. 2017. "ANÁLISIS DE VARIABLES PREDICTIVAS RELEVANTES EN EL MERCADO DIARIO DE LA ELECTRICIDAD." DYNA 92, no. 1: 617-618.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Geothermics
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ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Pedro Carrasco García; Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez; Diego González Aguilera. Thermal conductivity map of the Avila region (Spain) based on thermal conductivity measurements of different rock and soil samples. Geothermics 2017, 65, 60 -71.

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Pedro Carrasco García, Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez, Diego González Aguilera. Thermal conductivity map of the Avila region (Spain) based on thermal conductivity measurements of different rock and soil samples. Geothermics. 2017; 65 ():60-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Pedro Carrasco García; Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez; Diego González Aguilera. 2017. "Thermal conductivity map of the Avila region (Spain) based on thermal conductivity measurements of different rock and soil samples." Geothermics 65, no. : 60-71.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Pedro Carrasco García; Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez; Sara Jiménez del Caso. Analysis of the process of design of a geothermal installation. Renewable Energy 2016, 89, 188 -199.

AMA Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez, Arturo Farfán Martín, Pedro Carrasco García, Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez, Sara Jiménez del Caso. Analysis of the process of design of a geothermal installation. Renewable Energy. 2016; 89 ():188-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Arturo Farfán Martín; Pedro Carrasco García; Luis Santiago Sánchez Pérez; Sara Jiménez del Caso. 2016. "Analysis of the process of design of a geothermal installation." Renewable Energy 89, no. : 188-199.