Globally, over 350 million tonnes of thermoplastic waste are generated annually, with more than 60% either landfilled or mismanaged. This attracts innovative pathways to increase their recyclability, among which particulate-filled recycled thermoplastic composites (RTCs) are emerging as a potential waste reuse strategy for diverse civil and industrial applications. This review systematically analyses the current understanding of the physical, mechanical, and durability performance of RTCs, focusing on how various particulate filler types, content, and interfacial compatibility influence key properties. Reported studies show that incorporating particulate organic or inorganic fillers such as waste glass, sand, wood flour, etc., can increase density by 10–45%, tensile and flexural moduli by 30–120%, and thermal stability by up to 40%, though strength and ductility often decrease by 15–50% due to poor filler–matrix adhesion. This review further evaluates durability enhancements under prolonged exposure to water, thermal, and UV radiation, where filler addition reduces water absorption and UV degradation by 20–60%. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in optimising interfacial bonding, long-term performance modelling, and scalability for civil infrastructure. This review also outlines research directions to advance high-performance, sustainable RTCs through a structured review approach using defined keywords on recycled thermoplastics, fillers, and durability.

Prestressed concrete structures have witnessed widespread use in building and infrastructure applications during the last two decades due to their high stiffness and strength indices. However, structural failures caused by the corrosion of steel reinforcing bars or strands have proliferated, opening the door for carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strands as an excellent alternative with high corrosion resistance. The bonding interaction between the CFRP strands and concrete is the fundamental parameter in shaping the structural behaviour of CFRP prestressed concrete structures. In this paper, the bonding behaviour between CFRP strands and concrete with grouting admixture is experimentally investigated based on three groups of standard pull-out tests. The bond strength of CFRP strands was systematically studied and compared against steel strands. The untreated CFRP strands exhibited an inefficient bonding strength with the grouting admixture, equivalent to only 5% compared to steel strands of the same diameter. Surface coating with epoxy quartz sand can significantly improve the anchoring efficiency of CFRP strands up to 14 times compared to the untreated strands, which is approximately as efficient as steel strands. Moreover, the bond–slip curves between CFRP strands and concrete were analysed and were found to be different compared to steel strands. Finally, this study proposed bond–slip constitutive models of CFRP strands with better applicability, using an exponentially damped sine function to fit the residual segment of the curve.