The Indonesian multi-level governmental program (PITAP) is a participatory pond irrigation management policy established by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. It aims to catalyze the rehabilitation of irrigation canals to improve water access for small-scale aquaculture farmers. In PITAP, traditional aquaculture farmers are incentivized with government funding to create community-based co-management groups (POKLINA), to maintain the self-governance of their irrigation canals. The logic of PITAP is to encourage POKLINA farmers to rehabilitate their irrigation canals through subsidized labor payments that are coupled with strengthening the strong cultural norm of mutual assistance (i.e., collective action) within Indonesian society called Gotong-Royong. PITAP aims to revitalize Gotong-Royong through subsidized labor compensation with the hope that when the subsidy program is over, Gotong-Royong will be revitalized without external support. In this study, we compare and analyze four villages on Lombok, Indonesia, that participated in PITAP program in 2020 and 2021. The study is supported with empirical data using various qualitative data collection methods, including interviews, participant observations, and the collection of policy documents. We further use the Social-Ecological System Framework (SESF) as a diagnostic tool to structure the data collection process and analysis. Findings indicate that different variables hinder and enable collective action in the four villages, leading to different PITAP program outcomes. The likely reason for this, suggested by our findings, is that each village has different social and ecological conditions that influence intrinsic motivation for collective action. PITAP program either crowds out intrinsic motivation under some conditions or crowds it in under others. This suggests the need to consider contextual adaptations in policy design and implementation to improve outcomes better.

Makroalga merupakan tumbuhan laut tingkat rendah atau yang lebih dikenal dengan tumbuhan berthallus. Makroalga di daerah tropis khususnya wilayah Indonesia bagian timur memiliki keanekaragaman spesies yang sangat tinggi dikarenakan Indonesia bagian timur masuk Kawsan Wallacea. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode line transect dengan analisis data menggunakan Indeks ekologi dan Pola sebaran. Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 2,45-2,80 dengan kategori ‘sedang’. Indeks keseragaman 0,80-0,81 dengan kategori ‘tinggi’ dan indeks dominansi berkisar 0,09- 0,11 dengan kategori ‘rendah’. Hal ini menandakan bahwa kondisi lingkungan di perairan Gili Air stabil dan baik untuk pertumbuhan makroalga dan tidak adanya spesies yang mendominansi. Pola sebaran makroalga berkisar antara 1,37-1,49 dengan kategori ‘mengelompok’.

This study demonstrates how analyzing knowledge flows can reveal power dynamics by examining how stakeholders contribute inputs shaping local wastewaterscapes, the social, material and environmental context of wastewater management. Knowledge flow mapping interviews and policy analysis were conducted on three tropical islands with tourism growth: San Andrés (Colombia), Gili Trawangan (Indonesia) and Zanzibar (Tanzania). Reporting issues, sharing needs and offering suggestions involved divers stakeholders, whereas inputs on design, planning and policy coordination drew specialized actors. Reflecting decentralized governance, input flows to local governments but can move upward along hierarchies, via invited and spontaneous channels; specialized expertise is shared on invitation. Perceived flows may align with, or diverge from, policy prescriptions, shaping how decision-makers use input. Coordination challenges, exacerbated by unclear rights and responsibilities, were perceived to hinder implementation. To avoid accountability deflection and drive constructive change, regulatory frameworks must be strengthened by clarifying roles and rolling out prescribed coordination mechanisms.