Background/Objectives: Meniscus injuries represent a critical challenge in orthopedic medicine due to the limited self-healing capacity of the tissue. This study presents the development and characterization of polycaprolactone/graphene oxide (PCL/GO) scaffolds fabricated using 3D bioprinting technology for meniscus cartilage regeneration. Methods: GO was incorporated at varying concentrations (1%, 3%, 5% w/w) to enhance the bioactivity, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of PCL scaffolds. Results: Rheological analyses revealed that GO significantly improved the storage modulus (G’) from 36.1 Pa to 97.1 Pa and the yield shear stress from 97.2 Pa to 507.1 Pa, demonstrating enhanced elasticity and flow resistance. Mechanical testing showed that scaffolds with 1% GO achieved an optimal balance, with an elastic modulus of 614 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 46.3 MPa, closely mimicking the native meniscus’s mechanical behavior. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful integration of GO into the PCL matrix without disrupting its chemical integrity, while DSC analysis indicated improved thermal stability, with increases in melting temperatures. SEM analysis demonstrated a roughened surface morphology conducive to cellular adhesion and proliferation. Fluorescence microscopy using DAPI staining revealed enhanced cell attachment and regular nuclear distribution on PCL/GO scaffolds, particularly at lower GO concentrations. Antibacterial assays exhibited larger inhibition zones against E. coli and S. aureus, while cytotoxicity tests confirmed the biocompatibility of the PCL/GO scaffolds with fibroblast cells. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of PCL/GO 3D-printed scaffolds as biofunctional platforms for meniscus tissue engineering, combining favorable mechanical, rheological, biological, and antibacterial properties.

In this study, boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite nanofibers were fabricated cost‐effectively and straightforwardly using the electrospinning technique. The uniform PVA/BN composite nanofibers were measured as 376.26 ± 59.20 nm, observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The presence of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BNNPs) was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) results indicated enhanced structural stability and the formation of new functional groups. Water absorption tests showed that the hydrophobic nature of BNNP is dominant. The degradation rate of the PVA/BN was found to be faster than PVA nanofibers. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that PVA/BN fibers exhibited inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (8.78 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (6.82 mm), and Candida albicans (21.54 mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) results reinforced these findings, with PVA/BN fibers achieving an impressive inhibition rate of 89.56% against E. coli. Utilizing the MTT assay, biocompatibility tests indicated cell viability rates exceeding 98% for PVA/BN fibers, confirming their safety for biomedical applications. This study illustrates that PVA/BN composite nanofibers enhance their antimicrobial and hydrophilic properties, leading to multifunctional materials for advanced tissue engineering.Summary: Electrospun PVA/BN composite nanofibers produced cost‐effectively and straightforwardly. SEM images indicated that the average diameter of PVA/BN composite nanofibers was 376.26 ± 59.20 nm. SEM and TEM analyses revealed a uniform dispersion of BNNPs within the composite nanofibers. FT‐IR confirmed the presence of strong chemical interactions and the formation of unique functional groups. XRD and TEM analyses validated the structural integrity of h‐BN. PVA/BN fibers exhibited inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (8.78 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (6.82 mm), and Candida albicans (21.54 mm). MIC results showed that the BN‐doped composite nanofibers achieved an impressive inhibition rate of 89.56% against Escherichia coli. MTT assay (L929 fibroblast) indicated excellent biocompatibility, with over 98% cell viability rates. PVA/BN composite nanofibers show potential for advanced wound dressings and tissue engineering.

In this study, biocomposite membranes were developed by incorporating resveratrol (RSV)-loaded PCL-PEG composites, modified with graphene oxide (GO) and hydroxyapatite (HAP). The aim was to enhance hydrophilicity with GO and improve bioactivity with HAP. The release kinetics of RSV was evaluated by using Franz diffusion cells and compared with various kinetic models, including Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi, and Baker, all of which showed high correlation coefficients ( R²) close to 0.99. Mechanical tests was performed to determine the suitability of these membranes for tissue engineering applications. The composite membrane modified with GO and HAP exhibited tensile strength of 105.2 ± 5.8 MPa, tensile modulus of 3895 ± 159 MPa, elongation at break of 8.4 ± 0.9%, and toughness of 5.88 ± 0.46 MJ/m³. In vitro cell adhesion studies, visualized using DAPI fluorescence staining, demonstrated increased cell adhesion to the composite membranes over periods of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. These findings highlight the potential of the RSV-loaded PCL-PEG membranes, enhanced with GO and HAP, for applications in bone tissue engineering.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. The treatment options for colorectal carcinoma generally consist of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The drug resistance to chemotherapy agents used in the current cancer treatment has brought about the finding of new drug molecules from some plant and aquatic species in the treatment approaches. Some species of aquatic biota create novel biomolecules as potential drugs for cancer and other diseases. Toluhydroquinone belongs to these groups of biomolecules and it shows anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties. In this study, we tested the cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects of Toluhydroquinone on Caco-2(Human colorectal carcinoma cell line) cells. It was observed that the amount of closure of the wound space, colony forming ability (in vitro cell survivability) and formation of tubule-like structures in matrigel decreased in comparison to the control group. As a result of this study, Toluhydroquinone has cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties on the Caco-2 cell line.

Dental tissue regeneration, particularly alveolar bone and gingival repair, remains a major challenge in regenerative medicine. 3D bioprinting offers patient-specific and anatomically precise constructs, representing an advanced alternative to conventional grafting. In this study, nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), chitosan (CS), and collagen (CoL) were combined to fabricate and characterize 3D bioprinted dental grafts. SEM revealed a highly porous, interconnected architecture favorable for cell infiltration and nutrient exchange. EDS confirmed Ca/P ratios of 2.06 for nHA/CoL and 1.83 for nHA/CS/CoL, both of which are above the stoichiometric 1.67, indicating the presence of additional mineral phases and ion substitutions. FTIR and XRD verified characteristic functional groups and crystalline phases, including B-type HA with carbonate substitution. Mechanical testing showed that pure nHA exhibited the lowest compressive strength, whereas CoL incorporation improved stiffness. The nHA/CS/CoL composite achieved the highest compressive strength, elastic modulus, and toughness, demonstrating superior mechanical resilience. DSC analysis indicated endothermic peaks at 106.49 °C and 351.91 °C, with enthalpy values (264.91 J/g and 15.09 J/g) surpassing those of nHA alone. TGA revealed ~28.8% weight loss across three degradation stages, confirming enhanced thermal stability. In vitro cytocompatibility testing using L929 fibroblasts validated the biocompatibility of the composites. Collectively, the synergy between bioceramics and biopolymers markedly improved both mechanical and thermal performance. These findings position the nHA/CS/CoL scaffold as a promising candidate for clinical applications in dental tissue regeneration. Unlike conventional grafting materials, this study introduces a synergistically optimized nHA/CS/CoL bio-ink formulation specifically designed for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting of patient-specific dental constructs. The core innovation lies in the precise integration of nHA within a dual-polymer matrix (CS/CoL), which bridges the gap between mechanical resilience and biological signaling, achieving a compressive strength that mimics native alveolar bone while maintaining high cytocompatibility.