Metal complexes and metal salts have a wide range of medicinal applications and are extensively administered to patients or purchased over the counter as a matter of routine. The abundance and variety of non-platinum metal complexes, which are approved for use as therapeutic or diagnostic agents, are highlighted. Current insights into the mechanism of action or indeed lack thereof of a selection of metallodrugs are discussed. Ultimately this perspective seeks to inspire chemists to tackle new challenges and raise awareness of opportunities in the area of inorganic therapeutic and diagnostic medicine.

The synthesis, structures and magnetic characterisation of a family of discrete planar pentanuclear Cu(II) 12-MC-4 metallacrowns of formulae [Cu₅(L₁)₄(MeOH)₄](ClO₄)₂ (1), [Cu₅(L₁)₄(py)₂](ClO₄)₂·py (2), [Cu₅(L₁)₄(py)₆](ClO₄)₂ (3) and [Cu₅(L₂)₄(MeOH)₄](ClO₄)₂·H₂O (7) (where L₁H₂ = 2-(dimethylamino)phenylhydroxamic acid and L₂H₂ = 2-(amino)phenylhydroxamic acid) are reported. UV-vis and Electrospray MS studies indicate solution stability with respect to their {Cu₅(L)₄}²⁺ cores. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm strong antiferromagnetic exchange between the Cu(II) ions resulting in isolated S = 1/2 ground spin states. The introduction of ditopic co-ligands such as 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy), pyrazine (pz) and 4,4′-azopyridine (4,4′-azp) results in their coordination at a number of axial Cu(II) sites within the {Cu₅} metallacrown nodes to afford the extended networks {[Cu₅(L₁)₄(4,4′-bipy)₃](ClO₄)₂·(H₂O)}_n (4), {[Cu₅(L₁)₄(4,4′-azp)₂(MeOH)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n (5) and {[Cu₅(L₂)₄(pz)₂(MeOH)₃](ClO₄)₂·MeOH}_n (6).

Objectives To investigate levels of recreational physical activity, screen time, sleep quality and mood in undergraduate medicine and nursing students. Design Observational, cross-sectional study using an online survey administered during the academic term in 2024. Setting International Health Professions University in Bahrain. Participants 279 undergraduate students from the school of medicine and school of nursing. Primary and secondary outcome measures Physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), recreational screen time (Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and mood (Brief Mood Introspection Scale) were measured and compared across groups, and associations between measures were assessed. Results Participants reported high rates of not meeting physical activity recommendations (46.6%), high levels of recreational screen time (median=32 hours per week) and poor-quality sleep (63.1%). Males reported higher levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep quality. Higher sleep quality was observed for the school of medicine, the preclinical stage of study and participants living alone. Overweight and obese participants had significantly higher recreational screen time and more unpleasant and tired moods. Higher levels of screen time and lower sleep quality were associated with tired, unpleasant and negative moods, while not meeting physical activity recommendations was associated with poor sleep in addition to unpleasant, tired and negative moods. Conclusions Physical activity levels are positively associated with mood and sleep quality in young adult healthcare students. Recreational screen time is negatively associated with mood but has no relationship with sleep quality. Intervention programmes to increase physical activity are warranted for young adults in healthcare training. Data availability statement Study data is available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

We present a structural, magnetic and theoretical analysis on a family of Ni(ii) cages which include 12-MC_Ni(ii)-4 [Ni₅] metallacrowns. Subtle changes to reaction conditions aid the assembly of larger [Ni₇] and [Ni₉] architectures, depending on the hydroxamic acid used.

This study reports the physical activity (PA) levels among medical and nursing students at a university in Bahrain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through self-selection sampling of an online survey, participants' data on general demographics, PA levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and reasons for PA changes were collected. From the 110 valid responses, 70 participants (63%) experienced a decrease in PA during the COVID-19 lockdown. Fear of contracting COVID-19 and lack of motivation were two significant reasons for reduced PA levels (p < 0.001) compared to those who did not experience a decrease in PA. Other factors significantly associated with reduced PA levels include living alone (p < 0.018) or with roommates (p < 0.006) compared to living with family. Having more time available was associated with positive changes to PA levels (p < 0.001). Significant differences in MET-min/week were seen between students who experienced increased PA (median of 1605 MET-min/week) compared to those who experienced a decrease (424 MET-min/week) or no change (1070 MET-min/week) in PA levels (p < 0.001). In conclusion, low PA levels are prevalent within medical and nursing students in Bahrain (51% reported < 600 MET-min/week), with ~2 in 3 students reporting a decrease in PA levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Support programs and strategies to increase engagement in PA within this population are warranted.

Contact sports such as American football, rugby, soccer, and ice hockey involve high-speed, high-impact interactions that frequently result in head acceleration events (HAEs), which can lead to concussions and other forms of traumatic brain injury. HAEs can lead to acute symptoms like dizziness and memory difficulties, as well as more severe, chronic conditions like cognitive decline and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This mini-review focuses on concussion-related injuries in contact sports, examining their prevalence, impact, and the role of innovative prevention strategies. Particular attention is given to the development of instrumented mouthguards (iMGs), which incorporate real-time sensors to measure and analyze head impacts. Ultimately, this review aims to provide an overview of the role of iMGs on concussion prevention and its evolving landscape, with a focus on the potential of iMG technology.