Domestic refrigeration and freezing appliances can be used for electrical load shifting from peak to off-peak demand periods, thus allowing greater penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and significantly contributing to the reduction of CO₂ emissions. The full realization of this potential can be achieved with the synergistic combination of smart grid (SG) technologies and the application of phase-change materials (PCMs). Being permanently online, these ubiquitous appliances are available for the most advanced strategies of demand-side load management (DSLM), including real-time demand response (DR) and direct load control (DLC). PCMs are a very cost-effective means of significantly augmenting their cold storage capacity and, hence, their load-shifting capabilities. Yet, currently, refrigerators and freezers equipped with PCMs for DSLM are still absent in the market and research works focusing on the synergy of these technologies are still scarce. Intended for a multidisciplinary audience, this broad-scoped review surveys the literature to evaluate the technological feasibility, economic viability and global impact of this combination. The state-of-the-art of SG-enabling technologies is investigated—e.g., smart meters, Internet-of-Things (IoT)—as well as current and future standards and norms. The literature on the use of PCMs for latent heat/cold storage (LHCS) is also reviewed.

Effect of the absorbed reaction light on the formation of the DRZ 3D‐structure during the SDT was studied in the wedge tests of PBXs “HMX 77/23 wt. % Epoxy,” ten times distinguished by the grain size, 49 μm vs. 507 μm. Experimental evidence point to the fact that the precursor of the major front is arisen as a result of the photo‐excitation and radiation heating due to the photon absorption, as the reaction radiation is scattered within the bulk of the crystalline explosive material.

We describe some practical and empirically validated multivariate sensor calibration methods, which have allowed us to successfully obtain usable data from low-cost, low-precision sensors and signal conditioning electronics; we demonstrate the efficacy of these methods with real examples of nonlinear correction of thermocouple measurements from errors originated by the simultaneous influence of the cold junction and the temperature of the signal conditioning and digitizing electronic circuit components.