We investigated the effects of different raising systems on growth performance, lipid deposition and meat quality traits of chickens. The chickens were raised for 28 days and then randomly assigned into three raising systems with similar body weight (BW) as follows: indoor caged, indoor floor pens and free-range system. They were sacrificed and analysed after 112 days. The raising system had no significant effect on BW and daily weight gain (P > 0.05), but had a significant effect on male thigh intramuscular fat (IMF) and female abdominal fat content (PAF) content (P < 0.05). The expression of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA level in free-range raising system was significantly lower than that of caged indoor raising systems (P < 0.05). The meat quality (ΔpH, drip loss, shear force and fibre traits) was largely affected by the raising system (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the data indicated that the free-range raising system could significantly reduce thigh IMF content and hepatic FAS expression, consequently affecting the meat quality.

The soil shrink–swell phenomenon produces crack networks and slope instability. However, few studies have involved the continuous shrink–swell process of granite residual soils. The objective of the study is to explore the shrink–swell process of weathered granite soils and its effects on gully development in southern China. The bulk density, soil water content (SWC), shrink–swell ratio (SSR), clay mineral content, and mechanical composition, etc., of soil samples from five soil layers (at depths of 0.3 m, 3.0 m, 7.0 m, 12.0 m, and 16.0 m) along a profile in Yudu County was analyzed. After quantifying the soil properties at different soil depths, we analyzed these data statistically in an effort to identify strong parametric relationships. The results indicated that some properties such as bulk density and shear stress increased with soil depth, while other soil properties, such as plasticity index and liquid limit, were inversely related to depth. Soil cohesion, the angle of internal friction, and shear stress were closely related to the SWC. Every 1% decrease in the SWC resulted in a shear stress reduction of 6.62 kPa. The SSR values exhibited significant variation between the three dry–wet cycles and were closely related to the bulk density values of our kaolin and montmorillonite samples. As an environmental factor, the SWC can trigger changes in internal soil properties such as shear stress and the SSR. Using these data and observations made during our field survey, it can be proposed that continuous shrink–swell variation in deep granite-weathering crust can result in crack formation and gully erosion. It can be inferred that crack development velocity and gully retreat rate may be affected by the soil’s shrink–swell process. Consequently, this information provides insight to understanding the mechanism of gully development in southern China.