The obesity genetic effect may play a major role in obesogenic environment. A combined case–control and an 18-month follow-up were carried out, including a total of 311 controls and 118 obese cases. All participants were aged in the range of 20–55 y/o. The body mass index (BMI) of obese cases and normal controls was in the range of 27.0–34.9 and 18.5–23.9 kg/m², respectively. The rs712221 on Estrogen receptor1 (ESR1) and rs2016520 on Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor delta (PPARD) showed significant associations with obesity. The TT (odds ratio (OR): 2.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46–4.01) and TT/TC (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.14–6.85) genotypes on rs712221 and rs2016520 had significantly higher obesity risks, respectively. Moreover, the synergic effect of these two risk SNPs (2-RGH) exhibited an almost geometrical increase in obesity risk (OR: 7.00; 95% CI: 2.23–21.99). Obese individuals with 2-RGH had apparently higher changes in BMI increase, body weight gain and dietary fiber intake but a lower total energy intake within the 18-month follow-up.

High incidence in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been observed in obese individuals. Vitamin D metabolic abnormaility may occur in response to chronic and acute inflammatory caused by developments of obesity and PUD. This study investigated the associations among obesity, PUD, and vitamin D metabolic status. This study adopted a cross-sectional analysis design, utilizing data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) conducted between 2013 and 2020. Participants were aged 20 to 65 years, had a body mass index (BMI) of either ≥ 27 or between 18.5 and 23.9 kg/m², and completed both a health examination and questionnaires on dietary intake and disease status, including gastrointestinal symptoms. The results indicated that serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher in obese individuals without PUD compared to those diagnosed with PUD within one year (30.2 ± 10.6 vs. 25.5 ± 6.8 mg/dl, p = 0.032). Similarly, serum vitamin D levels were also higher in obese individuals with PUD after receiving therapy for more than one year (27.1 ± 10.3 mg/dl within 1 to 2 years; 29.8 ± 10.3 mg/dl for more than 2 years). Additionally, serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher in the obese individuals with PUD group within the first year compared to both the participants without PUD and with PUD who had undergone therapy for more than 1 year. Vitamin D supplementation may be recommended for obese individuals diagnosed with PUD within the first year and could be considered as an adjunct therapy.

Erratum to: OBES SURG DOI 10.1007/s11695-011-0457-3 In the original publication, the affiliation of author Hsin-Hung Chen was incomplete as worded. “Chang Jung University” should read as “Chang Jung Christian University.”