Nowadays, environmental protection involves many issues and problems, among which the waste generated by various human activities makes up a significant share, which is becoming newer day by day. Moreover, the production of normal, industrial, special, hospital, and agricultural waste and improper management of these materials has created many health, safety, and environmental problems. Based on this approach, this research study aims to determine the model of waste management and energy efficiency in smart homes using the Internet of Things (IoT). The research method used by this study is estimative-computational. For this purpose, the required data were collected using a computational approach. For this purpose, the required views and data were collected through experts in this field and calculated in MATLAB and STATA software. The data analysis tool was represented by fuzzy calculations and for this purpose MATLAB software was used. The study revealed that energy costs in smart homes using the IoT technology are impressive. The number of home residents in smart homes using the IoT is impressive. Home area in smart homes using the innovative technology of IoT is also impressive.

This study examines the relationship between tourists’ level of perceived safety in Thailand and their future behavioral intentions to revisit Thailand in a post-COVID-19 context. Moreover, the study also examines the moderating role of a destination’s image and the mediating effects of perceived constraints on the relationship of tourists’ perceived safety and their future behavioral intentions. The aim of this study is to fill gap in the literature regarding the impact of safety perceptions on future sustainable travel intentions. For this purpose, a cross-sectional research design was used, and data were collected through purposive sampling. Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the data. A total of 219 tourists participated in the study, of which 122 were male and 97 were female. The results revealed a positive association between perceived safety and future behavioral intentions. Moreover, the moderating effect of a destination’s image on the relationship between perceived safety and future behavioral intentions was found to be positive. Additionally, the mediating role of perceived constraint in the relationship between perceived safety and future behavioral intentions exhibited a negative effect. While no significant gender differences were observed in most variables, perceived constraints differed significantly between male and female tourists. These results underscore the crucial roles of safety and a destination’s image in influencing tourists’ future travel decisions. By emphasizing safety and positive destination imagery, the findings contribute to sustainable tourism development by promoting long-term visitor engagement, enhancing destination resilience, and supporting the socio-economic recovery of tourism-dependent communities.

This study investigates how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance influences firm-level financial outcomes using a panel of approximately 24,500 firm-year observations from 2015 to 2024, based on Refinitiv ESG scores across 12 industries and multiple European countries. To capture institutional heterogeneity, the analysis separates Nordic and non-Nordic firms and applies fixed-effects models for the latter and random-effects models for the former, as supported by Hausman diagnostics. The results reveal that ESG performance is positively associated with firm value, while its effects on short-run accounting returns differ across regions. Specifically, ESG scores are associated with a negative and statistically significant impact on ROA and ROE in the non-Nordic subsample, suggesting transitional adjustment costs and delayed financial realization. For financing outcomes, the study shows that ESG engagement reduces the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) in both samples, though mechanisms differ. In Nordic markets, a 10-point increase in ESG score corresponds to an estimated 4.2-basis-point reduction in WACC, reflecting the benefits of mature disclosure systems. In contrast, governance emerges as the only ESG pillar capable of reducing financing costs in non-Nordic countries. These region-specific patterns confirm that institutional maturity and investor orientation shape the financial materiality of ESG practices. The novelty of this study lies in jointly modeling (i) positive valuation effects, (ii) negative short-run profitability adjustments, and (iii) financing-cost reductions within a unified ESG framework while explicitly distinguishing governance regimes across Europe. The findings offer new evidence on how disclosure quality and governance structures moderate ESG’s economic impact and suggest that strengthening governance transparency can help firms in less mature ESG environments realize capital-cost advantages.

The Internet is an integral part of every individual and is a means of business transaction, leading to the immense growth of e-commerce in all sectors. This research study evaluates the significance of attitude as a mediating variable between behavioural intention and overall satisfaction in apparel shopping using Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling with a bootstrapping approach for evaluating the hypothesis. A total of 227 consumers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire and convenient sampling method with a cross-sectional method for collecting data. The hypothesis states that there is a significant relationship between overall satisfaction effect & attitude, reputation & trust, attitude & behavioural intention and trust & behavioural intention. Evidence of the partial mediation effect of attitude between overall satisfaction and behavioural intention is also identified. The findings indicate that the model is valid and has a good fit. Therefore, improved customer service and delivery service will help the corporate to uplift the endogenous latent variable of Behavioural Intention.