Cross-cultural validation of self-reported measurement instruments for research is a long and complex process, which involves specific risks of bias that could affect the research process and results. Furthermore, it requires researchers to have a wide range of technical knowledge about the translation, adaptation and pre-test aspects, their purposes and options, about the different psychometric properties, and the required evidence for their assessment and knowledge about the quantitative data processing and analysis using statistical software. This article aimed: 1) identify all guidelines and recommendations for translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation within the healthcare sciences; 2) describe the methodological approaches established in these guidelines for conducting translation, adaptation, and cross-cultural validation; and 3) provide a practical guideline featuring various methodological options for novice researchers involved in translating, adapting, and validating measurement instruments. Forty-two guidelines on translation, adaptation, or cross-cultural validation of measurement instruments were obtained from “CINAHL with Full Text” (via EBSCO) and “MEDLINE with Full Text”. A content analysis was conducted to identify the similarities and differences in the methodological approaches recommended. Bases on these similarities and differences, we proposed an eight-step guideline that includes: a) forward translation; 2) synthesis of translations; 3) back translation; 4) harmonization; 5) pre-testing; 6) field testing; 7) psychometric validation, and 8) analysis of psychometric properties. It is a practical guideline because it provides extensive and comprehensive information on the methodological approaches available to researchers. This is the first methodological literature review carried out in the healthcare sciences regarding the methodological approaches recommended by existing guidelines.

Background: Leadership is present at all levels of nursing and is essential to ensure the continuous improvement of nursing practice environments and the quality of the care provided to patients. This reality, coupled with the growing complexity of today’s health contexts, emphasises the importance of promoting the development of leadership skills in undergraduate nursing students, thus training nurses who are capable of acting as leaders and agents of change. To this end, a scoping review was carried out to map the available scientific evidence on the development of leadership in undergraduate nursing students. Methods: The scoping review was conducted according to two systematic review guidelines. The searches were conducted across a total of five databases for published studies and two databases for the unpublished/grey literature. The data extraction and analysis were performed by two reviewers, who independently screened and extracted data from the selected studies. Results: This review included 25 articles, and four thematic categories were identified—students’ perceptions of leadership; strategies to train leaders in nursing; the evaluation of leadership development; and conceptual models and curricula. The main conclusions highlight the need to reformulate existing curricula, the importance of integrating student-centred pedagogical approaches to promote leadership development, the impact that evaluating leadership development has on the whole process, contributing to the construction of an identity as a leader, and the need for it to be done in a structured and progressive way. Conclusions: The teaching of leadership should be promoted from the beginning of training, in a transversal, continuous, consistent, sustained, and articulated way, incorporating different disciplines, because only in this way will it be possible to train competent nurse leaders who are capable of acting in today’s complex and dynamic health contexts.

Adolescent obesity is a major health problem. The need for effective adolescent weight management programs is of high clinical and public health relevance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an e-therapeutic platform (Next.Step), aiming to promote weight management skills and the adoption of health-promoting lifestyles. This nonrandomized clinical trial with control group uses a sample of 94 adolescents who attended a paediatric obesity clinic. The experimental group was invited to access the platform Next.Step during 24 weeks, in addition to the standard treatment program. The control group followed the standard treatment protocol and joined a waiting list. Overall, the outcomes of the e-therapeutic program were not substantially better than those obtained with a traditional kind of intervention despite the intervention being associated with an improved health responsibility score (d = 0.51; p = 0.014). Several predictors of the Next.Step effectiveness were found. Conclusion: Although the e-therapeutic program led to a significant increase in health responsibility, inconclusive results were found regarding the program effectiveness compared to the standard multidisciplinary intervention. The lack of significant differences between groups may be due to the reduced rates of program adherence and the high dropout rate. What is Known:• Adolescent obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and standard treatment programs have been unable to achieve the desired adherence so far.• Internet-based programs have already shown positive results in the adult obese population, but information is scarce regarding adolescents. What is New:• This study assesses the effectiveness of a structured case management program including communication technologies on both the behavioural change and the health of obese adolescents.• The e-therapeutic program led to an increase in health responsibility.

The adoption of health technologies is occurring on an unprecedented scale, with enormous potential to improve the health of populations. In this context, information technology (IT) in nursing has emerged with a focus on quality and safety of care for the benefit of the patient. There is insufficient reliable evidence demonstrating how the integration of IT in nursing care influences methodologies for managing and organizing care in terms of structure and care practice, justifying a scoping review that synthesizes the knowledge produced so far. Online databases were used to identify papers published in 2012–2023, from which we selected nine publications that used information technology in the nursing care processes. The participants were hospital nurses and nurse managers. The results show that the integration of IT in healthcare organizations impacts the management and organization of nursing care, and changes in structure, process reorganization, management, training, and the development of nurses’ skills. To minimize this impact, the organizational structure must be prepared for a cultural change, with well-defined and communicated policies and procedures, and strong leadership. Within the teams, the importance of process reorganization, continuous training, and skill development emerges, thus enhancing the integration of IT into practice environments in conjunction with care.

New nurses are needed in healthcare. To meet the role expectations of a registered nurse, nursing students must feel empowered at graduation. However, there are only a few studies focusing on nursing students’ empowerment. This study aims to describe and analyze graduating nursing students’ level of empowerment in six European countries and potential related factors. A comparative and cross-sectional study was performed in the Czech Republic, Finland, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain with graduating nursing students (n = 1746) using the Essential Elements of Nurse Empowerment scale. Potentially related factors included age, gender, a previous degree in health care, work experience in health care, graduation to first-choice profession, intention to leave the nursing profession, level of study achievements, satisfaction with the current nursing programme, clinical practicums, theoretical education, and generic competence measured with the Nurse Competence Scale. The data were analysed statistically. Graduating nursing students’ self-assessed level of empowerment was moderate, with statistical differences between countries. Those with high empowerment had no intention to leave the nursing profession, had a higher level of study achievements, and a higher self-assessed generic competence level. The results suggest that empowerment needs to be enhanced during nursing education. Further research is needed to understand the development of empowerment during the early years of a nursing career.

Cultural diversity among patients and healthcare workers in the Portuguese healthcare organizations will increasingly challenge nurse managers to develop favorable nursing work environments and to improve culturally congruent care. Aim: This study aimed to identify nurse managers’ interventions that improve favorable nursing work environments in multicultural nursing teams and culturally congruent care for patients, based on Portuguese nurse leaders’ experience in international settings. Methods: A qualitative and exploratory study was conducted as the first stage of a sequential exploratory mixed study design. A convenience sample of Portuguese nurses with leadership experience of multicultural teams was recruited to participate in one focus group. Qualitative data were recorded and transcribed for content analysis. Text segments were organized into themes and categories with the support of the qualitative software IRaMuTeQ. Results: Nurse managers’ interventions, such as adapting the leadership style, thanking nurses for their work, adjusting the unit to attend to patients’ worship practices, and supporting foreign nurses in learning the local language, were categorized into three main themes and five categories—transcultural nursing leadership assumptions, capitalizing nurses, improving culturally congruent care, team problems and strategies, and improving effective communication. Conclusions: These findings corroborate international studies, advocate for capable nurse managers to lead in a globalized world, and are suitable to develop a transcultural nursing leadership questionnaire.