Lately, the development of green chemistry methods with high efficiency for metal nanoparticle synthesis has become a primary focus among researchers. The main goal is to find an eco-friendly technique for the production of nanoparticles. Ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials such as magnetite (Fe₃O₄) exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at a nanometric scale. Magnetic nanoparticles have been gaining increasing interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology. This interest is attributed to their physicochemical properties, particle size, and low toxicity. The present work aims to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles in a single step using extracts of green lemon Citrus Aurantifolia residues. The results produced nanoparticles of smaller size using a method that is friendlier to health and the environment, is more profitable, and can be applied in anticorrosive coatings. The green synthesis was carried out by a co-precipitation method under variable temperature conditions. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization showed that magnetite nanoparticles were successfully obtained with a very narrow particle size distribution between 3 and 10 nm. A composite was produced with the nanoparticles and graphene to be used as a surface coating on steel. In addition, the coating’s anticorrosive behavior was evaluated through electrochemical techniques. The surface coating obtained showed good anticorrosive properties and resistance to abrasion.

This research investigates the heat treatment parameters of 6061-aluminum alloy to enhance its mechanical properties. The Taguchi design-of-experiments (DOE) method was employed to systematically examine the effects of solutionizing temperature, solutionizing time, aging temperature, and aging time on the tensile strength of the alloy. Mechanical testing suggested a major influence of solutionizing and aging temperatures on the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy. The samples subjected to a solutionizing temperature of 540 °C for 3 h, followed by aging at 170 °C for 18 h, exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength (293.7 MPa). Conversely, the samples processed at the lowest levels of these parameters displayed the lowest ultimate tensile strength (193.7 MPa). Microstructural analysis confirmed the formation of equiaxed grains, strengthening precipitates, precipitate clusters, and β (Mg₂Si) precipitates alongside Fe-Al-Si dispersoids. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis detected the presence of elemental precursors of β phase (Al-Mg-Si) and dispersoid-forming elements (Al-Fe-Si). X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) analysis revealed the persistence of the β phase in the alloy, indicating its contribution to the improved mechanical properties, which are mainly obtained by aging precipitation phases. Fracture analysis showed a ductile fracture mechanism, and examining fractured samples supported the findings of enhanced tensile properties resulting from the adequate selection of heat treatment parameters. We employed ANOVA (analysis of variance) to analyze the DOE results, using a multiple regression model to express the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy in terms of the variables used in the design. This yielded an adjusted coefficient of determination of 89.75%, indicating a high level of explained variability in the test data for evaluating the model’s predictive capacity.

In the present work, reduced graphene oxide was obtained by green synthesis, using extracts of Larrea tridentata (gobernadora) and Capsicum Chinense (habanero). Graphene oxide was synthesized by the modified Hummers’ method and subsequently reduced using natural extracts to obtain a stable and environmentally friendly graphene precursor. Consequently, the gobernadora aqueous extract was found to have a better reducing power than the habanero aqueous extract. This opportunity for green synthesis allows the application of RGO in photocatalysis for the degradation of the methylene blue dye. Degradation efficiencies of 60% and 90% were obtained with these materials.

In this paper, the analysis of electrochemical corrosion performance and mechanical strength of weld joints of aluminum 6061 in two-heat treatment conditions was performed. The joints were produced by gas metal arc welding in pulsed mode. The original material exhibited precipitates of $\beta$ and $\beta$” phases in a volume fraction (Vf) of 2.35%. When it was subjected to a solubilization process, these phases were present in a Vf = 2.97%. This increase is due to their change in shape and distribution in clusters within the aluminum matrix. After the welding process, the best sample in the solubilization condition reached 117 MPa, while the original material achieved 104 MPa, but all samples showed a fracture in the fusion zone. This is attributed to the heat input that produces high and low hardness zones along the heat-affected zone and the welding zone, respectively. Moreover, the change in microstructure and phase composition creates a galvanic couple, susceptible to electrochemical corrosion, which is more evident in the heat-affected zone than in the other weld regions, exhibiting uniform and localized corrosion, as was evident by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The heat from the welding process negatively affects the corrosion resistance, mainly in the heat-affected zone.

This work examines how heat-treatment parameters affect the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and fracture behavior of commercial AA6061 aluminum alloy. We used a Taguchi L ₉ (3 ⁴ ) orthogonal experimental design to evaluate the effects of solutionizing temperature (520–540 °C), solutionizing duration (3–5 h), aging temperature (150–170 °C), and aging duration (12–24 h). This research challenges the conventional assumption that maximizing strength in AA6061 inherently degrades electrochemical stability. By modifying thermal parameters that influence the alloy's microstructure, tensile properties, and fracture mechanisms, we determined that the optimal combination of process parameters was solutionizing at 540 °C for 3 h followed by aging at 170 °C for 18 h, which produced the highest ultimate tensile strength of 293 MPa and a hardness of 91 HV due to a refined precipitate distribution. Microstructural evaluation confirmed Mg ₂ Si (β) precipitates and Al-Fe-Si intermetallics. Electrochemical tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl showed a corrosion rate of 0.0092 mm/year, better than the as-received alloy's rate of 0.0639 mm/year. Fractographic analysis confirmed ductile failure via microvoid coalescence with finer dimples, indicating uniform deformation. Our results show that thermal processing can improve the mechanical properties of AA6061 while preserving its corrosion resistance.

Hoy en día, la economía global se transforma rápidamente, consecuentemente México requiere de una economía basada no solamente en el conocimiento, sino también fundamentada en el aprendizaje por competencias y de innovación académica, lo cual conlleva la necesidad de generar profesionistas cuyo potencial se sustente principalmente en la capacidad para crear, desarrollar, adoptar y/o adaptar innovaciones tecnológicas para el desarrollo de nuevos productos. Por esta razón, se impone el reto de llevar a cabo una propuesta de rediseño del Programa Educativo (PE) de la licenciatura en Ingeniería de Materiales (IMT), reconociendo las competencias adquiridas, junto con los conocimientos, que trascienden para la responsabilidad social y aporta a la transformación de la sociedad (UANL, Modelo Académico, 2022).