Oil spills at sea, such as the Deepwater Horizon incident in 2010, are devastating environmental hazards, especially for biodiversity in the maritime ecosystem. In order to help the restoration of coastlines, it is critical to clean the oil up quickly and efficiently with various measures, such as the use of barriers, skimmers, sorbents, dispersing agents, in situ burning, and biological agents. However, most of them still cause high remediation costs; are inefficient, non-reusable, and not environmentally friendly; lack a convenient desorption method; or are simply not yet ready to use in a real-case scenario, where high amounts of hydrocarbons must be removed. Therefore, in this work, a reusable modified polyurethane foam for oil absorption on the sea surface is presented and characterised. Due to a chemical formulation with a special co-polymer, its oleophilic properties are strongly enhanced. Laboratory soaking tests with different oils and a mixture of Louisiana sweet crude oil with artificial sea water (ASW) are conducted. To do so, a pneumatic press with adjustable pressures was used to characterise the foam’s capability to recover oil between 10 and 18 times its own weight for a period of up to 50 consecutive repetitions with a maximum saturation in less than one minute. Sequential trials with different oil mass fractions in ASW determined a decreasing content of recovered ASW with increasing amounts of crude oil, while, in all cases, the total oil recovery rate proved to be more than 90% within one’s standard deviation. Finally, practical applications of sorption methods are presented to give an idea of difficulties encountered in real remediation scenarios.
27 November 2024 in Chemical Engineering & Technology
Utilizing pressure as a process parameter can make biotechnological processes more efficient and attractive compared to established ones. This paper presents a high‐pressure reactor setup for enzymatically catalyzed gas–liquid reactions, which can be operated up to 15.0 MPa. The reactor is equipped with optical measurement technology for inline and in situ monitoring of the oxygen concentration under high‐pressure conditions. The setup is characterized by assessing the influence of the process parameter pressure on the conversion of the glucose oxidation to d‐glucono‐δ‐lactone by immobilized glucose oxidase. The study demonstrates that the increased oxygen availability due to higher solubility reduces the reaction time in a batch reactor from 270 to 90 min.