A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on dual D-shaped hollow microstructured fiber is proposed. The sensor consists of rectangular arranged air holes, a gold (Au) thin film, a silver (Ag) thin film, and an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film. The dual D-shaped structure of the proposed sensor detects three channels simultaneously. The effects of various structural parameters (e.g., sizes of air holes and metallic film thickness) on the sensor performances are investigated with the finite element method. The maximum wavelength sensitivity of 47500 nm/RIU (RIU: refractive index unit) in the refractive index (RI) range of 1.39-1.423 in Ch-1 is achieved, corresponding to a resolution of 2.11 × 10 ^-6 RIU ^-1 . The range of the SPR sensor in Ch-2 is 1.30-1.38, with a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 8300 nm/RIU. In Ch-3, the maximum wavelength sensitivity is 12.7 nm/°C, ranging from 0°C to 90°C. The proposed SPR refractive index sensor is sensitive, which can be potentially used for refractive index and temperature sensing.

In this article, a method for solving cable layout optimization problems in electronic systems based on ensemble learning (EL) and improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed. Using this method, we produced two cable layout schemes with the considerations of the electromagnetic compatibility performance and the total length of cables. First, several different individual machine learning (ML) models for all output variables were established. On this basis, we established EL models with better performance than previous individual ML models. Then, aiming at the optimization problem presented in this article, an improved DE algorithm was proposed. On this basis, a method for solving cable layout optimization problems in electronic systems based on EL and the improved DE algorithm was proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by two examples of electronic system cable layout optimization with different routing modes. Each example problem was solved using four different methods. The results indicate that the method proposed here outperformed existing methods.

In this paper, a novel fiber with a parabolic-profile core and eight segmented trenches in cladding is designed. The designed fiber consists of the segmented trench of low refractive index in cladding and parabolic-profile of high refractive index in the core. The proposed fiber has good bending resistance. The eight segmented trenches in the cladding can decrease the refractive index of cladding to increase the difference index between the core and cladding to limit fundamental mode (FM) loss. The proposed fiber can offer an effective single mode (SM) operation with a large mode area (LMA) of 952 µm² at the small bending radius (R = 10 cm). In addition, the fiber is also suitable under an 18 W/m heat load. The proposed fiber achieves good bending performance, which can be suitable for the compact high-power lasers.