In this work, a techno-economic assessment of the production of bio-oil, coke and gas, via thermo-catalytic pyrolysis followed by distillation, is accomplished. The raw materials were two solid wastes: lipid-based material (residual fat/scum from a fat retention box from the University Restaurant at the Federal University of Pará—UFPA) and a lignin-cellulosic material of açaí seed (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). From the literature, a review is made of the physicochemical analysis of the raw materials, of the bio-oil, and of the chemical composition of the biofuels produced (kerosene, light diesel, and heavy diesel). The bio-oil yields for each experiment of pyrolysis and distillation are also presented and compared with the literature. The economic indicators for the evaluation of the most viable cracking (pyrolysis) and distillation process of bio-oils were: (a) the simple payback criterion, (b) discounted payback, (c) net present value (NPV), (d) internal rate of return (IRR), and (e) index of profitability (IP). The analysis of the indicators showed the economic viability of the lipid-based material and unfeasibility for the açai seed (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). The breakeven point obtained was 1.28 USD/L and the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) obtained in this work for the biofuels was 1.34 USD/L). The sensibility analysis demonstrated that the pyrolysis and distillation yields are the most important variables to affect the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP).

Thermocatalytic cracking of fat from fat boxes with activated red mud / Rachamento termocatalítico de gordura de caixas de gordura com lama vermelha ativa

Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of pineapple pulp and concentrate on industrial and laboratory scale / Caracterização físico-química e microbiológica de polpa de abacaxi e do concentrado em escala industrial e laboratórial

O geopolímero é um material polimérico inorgânico, também denominado de polissialatos a base de filossilicatos. Para a sua produção, neste trabalho, utilizou-se como fonte de aluminossilicatos o resíduo da construção civil, caulim calcinado à 700 °C e como solução ativadora o NaOH 8 M. Os materiais sólidos foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, fluorescência de raios X, análise granulométrica e difração de raios X. Os geopolímeros produzidos foram analisados reologicamente, aproximadamente 29 min após a produção da mistura geopolimérica, cujos resultados mostraram que o material obtido possui características segundo o modelo de Herschel-Bulkley, sendo um fluido não newtoniano.

O estudo investigou a produção de bio-óleo a partir de óleo residual de fritura por pirólise catalítica com lama vermelha ativada, visando à geração de energia sustentável e ao reaproveitamento de resíduos. A pirólise foi realizada a 450 °C, empregando lama vermelha (LV) ativada com HCl a 1 mol L?¹ e 2 mol L?¹, em concentrações de 5–20%. A LV ativada com HCl 1 mol L?¹ a 20% reduziu a acidez de 201,14 para 81,34 mg KOH g?¹, elevou a fração de hidrocarbonetos para 59,18% e alcançou rendimento líquido de 82,37%. A ativação com HCl 2 mol L?¹ a 15% produziu 66,8% de hidrocarbonetos. Análises por espectroscopia no infravermelho e cromatografia gasosa confirmaram a redução de grupos ácidos e a formação de olefinas (até 38,22%) e hidrocarbonetos leves (C?–C??) com o uso de catalisadores. Apesar da eficiência, a acidez final excedeu o limite estabelecido pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP), exigindo pós-tratamento. Conclui-se que a LV ativada com HCl 1 mol L?¹ a 20% apresenta maior eficiência catalítica, indicando potencial para aplicação como biocombustível após etapas de refino.

This work aims to investigate systematically the tecno-economic feasibility of ther-mos-catalytic cracking process for two solid waste materials, a lipid-base material (re-sidual fat/scum from retention box of the University Restaurant of UFPA) and a lig-nin-cellulosic material Açaí seed (Euterpe oleracea. Mart). The thermo-catalytic process-es were carried out in pilot scale (THERMTEK/LEQ/UFPA/IME/RJ), and their economic feasibility analyzed. The yields of biofuels produced by fractional distillation were al-so studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the raw materials, the organic liquid product (bio-oil) and the chemical composition of kerosene, light-diesel and heavy-diesel from the lipid-base material, as well as those of kerosene and light-diesel from the Açaí seed were also determined. The economic indicators for the evaluation of the most viable cracking (pyrolysis) and distillation process of bio-oils were: a) the sim-ple payback criterion, b) discounted payback, c) net present value (NPV), d) internal rate of return (IRR), and e) index of profitability (IP). The analysis of the indicators showed the economic viability of crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) and unfeasibil-ity for the palm oil neutralization. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) obtained is this work for the biofuels was of 1.34 US$/L) and the breakeven point obtained was of 1.28 US$/L. The sensibility analysis demonstrated that the pyrolysis and distillation yields are the most important variables to affect the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP).