The Russian–Ukrainian conflict has been proven to cause significant losses of life and goods on both sides. This may have potentially impacted the agricultural sector. This study examines the impact of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine on the global food situation. We performed a descriptive analysis and literature review to answer this objective. Russia and Ukraine play essential roles in world food production and trade. However, the war has disrupted food production in Ukraine. Estimated Ukrainian wheat, soybean, and maize production in 2022–2023 fell precipitously. On the other hand, Russian production of these three food products shows positive growth during the same period. Furthermore, the global supply chain and food trade are hampered, causing an increase in the world’s food prices. From March to May 2022, the average global price of wheat, soybeans, and maize increased dramatically compared to during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, this poses a danger to global food security, particularly for low-income countries that depend heavily on food imports from both countries. Therefore, all countries must be prepared for the possibility that the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be achieved.

One hundred and twenty shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) and 22 garlic (Allium sativum) samples were collected from major growing regions and markets to determine the distribution and molecular diversity of 3 potyviruses: leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) in Indonesia. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that 83% of shallot and all garlic samples were infected by at least 1 virus species. Coat protein (CP) region of 8 Indonesian LYSV, 19 OYDV, and 10 SYSV isolates were sequenced and given accession nos. OR772038-OR772082 in NCBI GenBank. Five isolates were recombinants according to analysis using the Recombination Detection Program (RDP v5.30). The phylogenetic tree deduced that 6 LYSV Indonesian and 2 China imported isolates belong to S-type. All tested OYDV isolates, including the 19 isolates, were clustered separately according to their respective hosts: onion and garlic. The 10 Indonesian SYSV isolates were clustered together in the same group and thus shown to be closely related. All isolates tested in this study were estimated to be still within their respective species demarcation according to percentage identity analysis. This was the most comprehensive molecular study on LYSV, OYDV, and SYSV that may help to find sustainable management strategies according to conditions in Indonesia and contribute to the global knowledge on the genetic diversity of the 3 viruses.

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a premium oil derived from fresh coconut that retains essential nutrients and bioactive compounds due to minimal heat and chemical processing. The extraction method significantly affects VCO's chemical composition, stability, nutritional quality, and shelf life. This study compares four widely used extraction methods—fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, cold pressing, and centrifugation—and examines their impact on key quality parameters: free fatty acid (FFA) levels, moisture content, fatty acid profile, and oxidative stability. Fermentation, a traditional method, is cost-effective but may lead to higher FFA and moisture levels, reducing shelf life and stability. Enzymatic extraction, which uses proteolytic enzymes, can yield high-quality oil but requires controlled conditions and incurs additional enzyme costs. Cold pressing and centrifugation are advanced methods that maintain low FFA and moisture levels, retain antioxidants, and improve oxidative stability. These methods produce high-quality VCO with optimal chemical stability and nutrient preservation but involve higher initial equipment costs, particularly for centrifugation. The study’s findings indicate that, while all methods offer distinct advantages, cold pressing and centrifugation yield superior VCO quality, making them ideal for industrial production where extended shelf life and nutrient retention are prioritized. This analysis provides insights into the effectiveness of each extraction method, supporting producers in choosing suitable methods for both small- and large-scale production and enhancing VCO quality to meet market demands for natural, high-quality oils.

The complex impacts of agricultural land conversion to non-agricultural uses can cause food insecurity in homeless farmer households. The specific objectives of the study are (a) to find the reasons underlying the resilience of superior local food of homeless farmer households experiencing weakening functional benefits in rural areas prone to agricultural land conversion; (b) to find the answer to the slow accessibility of homeless farmer households to strengthening the resilience of superior local food in rural areas prone to agricultural land conversion. The research design combines qualitative and quantitative research approaches with a more dominant qualitative approach. For the qualitative approach, a phenomenological research method with semi-grounded research is used. The subjects of the study included rural farming communities in the Gamping Sub District (Sleman Regency) and Kasihan Sub District (Bantul Regency). Data analysis techniques are the Interactive Model of Analysis and Reflexive Model. building human resources. However, food resilience is still weak in various elements of society, especially rural homeless farmer households that are vulnerable to agricultural land conversion. Food resilience is difficult to strengthen by respondent households due to empirical conditions that are directly caused by decreased income, purchasing power, employment opportunities as farm labourers, and the economic value of family members. Slow accessibility in strengthening superior local food resilience occurs in every respondent household. This slowness is evidenced by differences in empirical conditions in the elements of availability, sufficiency, security, diversity and justice in the distribution of food to family members.