Anvillea radiata is a medicinal plant that has been used in traditional phytotherapy in North Africa as a treatment for various illnesses. In this study, we aim to explore the antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Anvillea radiata (EOAR) collected in Morocco. EOAR was extracted by the hydrodistillation method, and the phytochemical identification was carried out by gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, ferricyanide method (FRAP) as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Antifungal and antibacterial properties were determined by use of the disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays. The microbial strains used in the antimicrobial evaluation were: Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282), Aspergillus flavus (MTCC 9606), Fusarium oxysporum (MTCC 9913), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATB 97/BGM), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6633), Bacillus subtills (DSM 6333), and Escherichia coli (ATB 57/B6N). Based on in silico simulations, the inhibitory power of EOAR against nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) was evaluated. The yield of the oil was 0.96% wherein 12 compounds were identified including α-cuprenene (33.48%) camphor (21.41%) and α-himachalene (15.88%) as major compounds. The antioxidant capacity showed an IC50 of 32.36 µg/mL (DPPH) and an EC-50 value of 64.60 ± 3.71 µg/mL in the FRAP assay. The total antioxidant capacity showed a concentration of 977.51 ± 22.38 µg AAE/mg (TAC). As for the antimicrobial effects, the inhibition diameter of the studied bacteria ranged from 23.50 ± 2.31 to mm 29.50 ± 2.21 mm, while for fungi, ranged from 25.12 ± 2.82 mm to 11.42 ± 1.90 mm. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged from 12.71 ± 1.59 µg/mL to 23.53 ± 0.78 µg/mL for bacterial strains and 10.31 ± 1.34 µg/mL to 22.75 ± 1.06 µg/mL for fungal strains. In silico, among all Anvillea radiata essential oils analyzed, the sesquiterpene γ-dehydro-ar-himachalene, monoterpenoid phenol carvacrol, as well as sesquiterpene α-cadinene were the most active compounds against NADPH oxidase with a glide score of −6.233, −6.082, and −5.057 Kcal/mol, respectively. Taken together, these data showed that EOAR exhibited enormous significance as an antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial agent.

This study is aimed at evaluating the potential of the essential oil of Cinnamomum verum (EOCV) as an antioxidant, as an insecticide against Callosobruchus maculatus and for its anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. To this end, EOCV was extracted via hydrodistillation from this plant, and the identification of the phytochemicals was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant power was determined via in vitro tests, the insecticidal ability was tested via exposing C. maculatus to EOCV, and molecular docking was used to evaluate the anti-cholinesterase ability. The results of these GC–MS analyses show that the main composition of EOCV comprises Cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal (64.50%), cinnamicaldehyde (35.04%) and α-Copaene (0.11%). The insecticidal potential of the studied OEs, determined by using the inhalation test, and expressed as the concentration of EOs required for the death of 50% of the insects (LC50) and that required the death of 95% of adults (LC95) after 96 h of exposure, was 3.99 ± 0.40 and 14.91 ± 0.10 μL/L of air, respectively. In the contact test, 96 h of exposure gave an LC50 and LC95 of 3.17 ± 0.28 and 8.09 ± 0.05 μL/L of air, respectively. A comparison of the antioxidant activity of EOCV to that of ascorbic acid via DPPH free radical scavenging ability and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) revealed the IC50 and EC50 values of EOCV to be much higher than that obtained for ascorbic acid, and the molecular docking simulation revealed Coumarin, Piperonal, Cinnamaldehyde dimethyl and alpha-Copaene as possessing potential inhibitory activities against human acetylcholinesterase. However, further experimental validation is needed to enhance the prospects of this study.

The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antifungal and insecticidal properties of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EO). GC‐MS was employed to analyze the phytochemical profile of the EO. The antifungal activity of the EO was assessed by calculating growth inhibition rates for Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea. Repellent capacity and toxicity were evaluated through inhalation and contact tests on Callosobruchus maculatus. Molecular docking techniques were utilized to test the insecticidal and antifungal activities of rosemary EO. The analysis revealed a total of sixteen components in R. officinalis EO, with 1,8‐cineole (40.80%) being the major constituent, followed by α‐pinene (26.18%) and camphor (19.53%). Antifungal evaluation demonstrated a significant inhibitory impact on the mycelial growth of the tested fungi, with complete inhibition observed against B. cinerea. In terms of insecticidal capacity, the EO induced complete mortality of C. maculatus adults at a concentration of 1 μL/L air, with an inhalation test LC₅₀ value of 0.62 μL/L air. Concentration‐dependent reductions were observed in the number of both laid eggs and emerged insects, reaching a 99.36% reduction. The EO also exhibited a moderate effectiveness in repelling insects, with an average repellency rate of 50.83%. In silico analysis identified borneol as the most active molecule against insect acetylcholinesterase (PDB: 6ARY) with a Glide score of −7.254 kcal/mol. α‐Caryophyllene showed the highest activity against B. cinerea β‐tubulin (PDB: 3N2G) with a Glide score of −7.025 kcal/mol. These findings suggest that the EO derived from Moroccan Rosmarinus officinalis has potential as an effective natural agent against pathogenic fungi and could serve as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative as a bioinsecticide.

This article is part of the contribution to the development of two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population: white wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba) andArâr (Juniperus phoenicea), species belonging to the Asteraceae and Cupressaceae families, respectively. The present work was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and anticorrosive properties of essential oils (EOs) extracted from these plants. The chemical analysis of the essential oils (EOs) was carried out by GC-MS/MS. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and quantum chemical calculations by density-functional theory at B3lYP were used to study the anticorrosive effect of the researched oils on mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. Moreover, SEM-EDX analysis was used to identify the surface morphology of mild steel surface. GC-MSMS results showed the presence of 32 potentially active compounds in the EOs of Artemisia herba-alba. The average yield of the EOs was about 1.39 ± 0.17 mL/100 g dry matter. Beta thujone (30.07%) and alpha thujone (13.32%) are the main components, while for the EOs of Juniperus phoenicea, the study showed the presence of 30 constituents, with alpha-pinene (43.61%) and manoyl oxide (11.5%) as the main components. The average yield of HE was 1.10 ± 0.03 mL/100 g dry matter. The findings demonstrated an important anticorrosive action of EOs from Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus phoenicea. Notably, the experimental results showed good efficiency of the studied essential oils and correlated well with the density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results of potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that hydrazone acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. The EIS results showed an increase in charge transfer resistance accompanied by a noticeable decrease in C_dl values, revealing that both studied oils were effective as reliable inhibitors for the protection of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. Also, the efficiency decreased with decreasing inhibitor concentrations. Surface studies ensure the effectiveness of both investigated oils and the reduction of the surface roughness of mild steel. Furthermore, DFT results of the major constituents of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus phoenicea EOs revealed insights into the chemical reactivity of the tested oils while supporting the experimental conclusions and showed outstanding adsorption ability of both investigated EOs on the steel surface.

Water is a basic human requirement that is required in many processes, particularly those performed in households. However, in most circumstances, this critical product does not fulfill commonly recognized safety criteria. Various anthropogenic activities cause various forms of pollution; as a...