The objective of this research is to adapt and validate a useful instrument to diagnose cyberbullying, provoked by intolerance towards cultural and religious diversity, identifying the profile of the aggressor and the victim. The study was carried out using the Delphi technique, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The selected sample was composed of 1478 adolescents, all students from Compulsory Secondary Education of Spain. The instrument items were extracted from relevant scales on the topic. The initial questionnaire was composed of 52 items and three underlying constructs. After validation with EFA (n = 723), the structure was checked, and the model was later corroborated with CFA (n = 755) through structural equations (RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.826, TLI = 0.805). The reliability and internal consistency of the instrument were also tested, with values for all dimensions being higher than 0.8. It is concluded that this new questionnaire has 38 items and three dimensions. It has an acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used to diagnose cyberbullying caused by the non-acceptance of cultural and religious diversity in Compulsory Secondary Education students.

La inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad va más allá de lo económico, impactando en su bienestar emocional, mental y social. El trabajo no solo provee ingresos, sino dignidad, autoestima y contrarresta estigmas. Las leyes antidiscriminación garantizan igualdad de oportunidades y ajustes razonables en el trabajo. Los preparadores laborales son fundamentales, ofreciendo orientación personalizada y facilitando la integración laboral. La revisión científica resalta la importancia del empleo y el emprendimiento para personas con discapacidad, el papel de los preparadores laborales y los desafíos legislativos. La investigación se realizó utilizando plataformas como Web of Science, Eric y Scopus, seleccionando 20 artículos relevantes. Se concluye que el acceso al ámbito laboral mejora la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad, promoviendo la inclusión y diversidad. Sin embargo, los desafíos legislativos actuales tales como la falta de reconocimiento de los preparadores laborales y la ambigüedad legal, son obstáculos que requieren atención urgente. En esta línea, se propone la creación de un marco legislativo que regule la figura del preparador laboral y que avance hacia una mayor cobertura de sus garantías y hacia el reconocimiento de su trabajo con este colectivo, posibilitando el acceso a empleos en condiciones de igualdad y proporcionando los apoyos necesarios para su plena inclusión. Dicho reconocimiento es esencial para avanzar hacia una sociedad más inclusiva y equitativa en el mercado laboral.

Social skills are crucial to the personal development and academic success of elementary school students. Through competencies such as empathy, conflict resolution, leadership, and self-esteem, students learn to interact effectively and adapt to diverse social situations. However, the manifestation of these skills can be conditioned by factors such as race, ethnicity, or religion of the students, as well as by the environment in which they live. Therefore, it is vitally important to actively promote these skills within the school environment to ensure healthy growth and a successful future in society. In this context, the research focuses on the analysis of the social skills of intercultural students in Andalusia. Specifically, we investigated whether the White race, Castilian ethnicity, and Christian religion have any influence on these skills. To meet this objective, a quasi-experimental design was used with a non-probabilistic purposive sampling that included a sample of N = 803 intercultural students aged 6 to 12 years from schools in all Andalusian provinces. The results indicate that students of predominantly White, Castilian ethnicity, and Christian religion exhibit greater social skills compared to those of Gypsy ethnicity, Islamic religion, or no religious affiliation. These findings underscore the significant influence that culture and social environment exert on the development of social skills, which are fundamental for facilitating integration and promoting peaceful coexistence among different cultural groups.

The goal of this study is to analyze how religion, ethnic group, and race influence the likelihood of becoming either a cybervictim or cyberbully in intercultural educational environments. In the research, 755 students in secondary education were analyzed in the south of Spain through the Cyberbullying Scale for students with Cultural and Religious Diversity (CSCRD). The analyses were carried out using the Statistical Package SPSS and the STATA software. The results obtained from the Kruskal–Wallis H test showed significant differences according to these aspects, for both the cybervictim and cyberbully parameters. The results stemming from binary logistic regressions confirmed such differences and regarded those students who belong to the Muslim religion, the gypsy ethnic group and the Asian race as being more likely to become cybervictims. Furthermore, these analyses showed that Gypsy and Asian students were also more likely to be cyberbullies than other groups. The main conclusions state that minority groups are more likely to suffer cyberbullying in intercultural educational environments, and that students from these groups are also more likely to become cyberbullies.

This article analyzes the relationship between cyberbullying profile by racist reasons and social abilities in a group of intercultural teenagers living in Spain (N = 1478). The study includes participants aged between 12 and 16 years old (M = 13.99; SD = 1.352). Of these, 738 were male (49.9%) and 740 were female (50.1%). A correlational study was carried out using online tools with suitable psychometrics parameters (content-construct validity and reliability). The first one was a scale that measured social abilities, and the second one evaluated racist or xenophobic cyberbullying, differentiating the victim and aggressor profiles. The results indicated five main findings: (1) generally, the participants analyzed present all their social abilities; (2) for the most part, these participants do not normally experience cyberbullying; (3) a positive correlation exists between the majority of social abilities analyzed and the cybervictim profile. It was also observed a negative correlation between the social ability associated with the ability of making requests and this profile; (4) there is a positive correlation among the six social abilities analyzed and the cyberaggressor profile; (5) the racist or xenophobic cyberbullying are driven not only by the absence of social abilities, but in some cases, they are also driven by socio-demographic variables (i.e., age and gender). Likewise, this work shows how the absence of some social abilities in some participants involve racist or xenophobic experiences as victims and as aggressors, which may be of interest for the analysis of teenagers’ behavior in intercultural contexts, as well as according to age and gender. More transcultural research need to be carried out to know the global perspective of the link between social abilities and the different profiles of racist and xenophobic cyberbullying, framed in the context of social psychology and studies of mass communication.

This article aims to analyse the relationship between the bullying aggressor and bullying victim profile related to practising or not practising sport in adolescents living in southern Spain. The research includes male and female participants aged between 12 and 16 years in different secondary schools in the provinces of Andalusia, Ceuta and Melilla in the period between February 2022 and June 2022. The study aims to extend the existing scientific, theoretical and empirical knowledge on the influence of playing sport or not on disruptive bullying attitudes in adolescents. To this end, two initial hypotheses were designed; the first hypothesises that bullying victim behaviours are associated with future bullying aggressor behaviours when practising sport; and the second states that victim behaviours are associated with future bullying aggressor behaviours when not practising sport. To verify them, SPSS software was used for the preliminary analysis of the scale and sociodemographic profile. Additionally, the study is based on structural equation modelling methodology and variance-based methods employing SmartPLS v3.3 software. The results show the importance of sport or physical activity to reduce the chances of carrying out bullying actions on other peers and/or classmates. Therefore, it is considered necessary to prevent bullying in the classroom by implementing sports intervention programmes in educational centres.