Background: To provide reliable evidence to exercise rehabilitation therapists and clinicians, we compared and analyzed the effects of different exercise modalities on cardiopulmonary function in hemodialysis patients using Bayesian network meta-analysis.Methods: PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORT Discus, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched from inception to July 20, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials comparing 12 exercise modalities to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in hemodialysis patients. All statistical analysis was performed using STATA and R.Result: A total of 82 randomized controlled trials involving 4146 maintenance hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The pair-wise meta-analysis showed that all exercise modalities had a positive effect on all indicators of cardiorespiratory capacity. The network meta-analysis demonstrated that Blood flow restriction training (BFRT), Cycle exercise (CE), Inspiratory muscle training (IMT), Combined aerobic and resistance training (CT), and Aerobic training (AT) were significantly better than usual care for 6-min walkability; Medium intensity continuous training (MICT), CT, CE, and AT were considerably better than usual care for VO₂Peak; body and mind training (MBT) and CT significantly improved SBP compared to usual care; and only MBT was significantly better than usual care for DBP. Both the two-dimensional plot and the radar plot demonstrated that CT had the best combined-effect on each index of cardiorespiratory fitness. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the results. The evidence was mainly “low” to “very low” for this network meta-analysis.Conclusion: There is no one exercise that can achieve the best effect on all of the outcomes. The benefits of MBT in decreasing arterial blood pressure are unsurpassed by other exercise methods. The intervention effect of the CT is better and more stable. Electrical muscle stimulation training (MEST) can be employed in individuals who do not wish to exercise actively but may cause an increase in blood pressure. On the basis of the characteristics of different exercise types, guidelines developers, clinicians, and patients may employ them appropriately.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails.

This study sought to provide a comprehensive assessment of the incidence of sports injuries among athletes participating in the Olympic Winter Games and to investigate contributing factors. We gathered injury data from athletes participating in the recent four Olympic Winter Games, incorporating details on the sports event, sex, injury location, and type. Through a meta-analysis, we calculated the injury incidence rates for each sport and examined the influence of sex and the type of sport on these incidence rates. Out of 11,197 registered athletes, we documented 1,304 sports injuries. The sports events with the highest injury rates were freestyle skiing, snowboarding, alpine skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey, with the most frequent injury locations being the knees, thoracic/lumbar/back regions, and the wrist/hand/fingers. Contusions, hematomas, and bruises were the most prevalent injuries, followed by strains (including muscle rupture, tearing, or tendon rupture) and sprains (covering dislocations, subluxations, and ligament ruptures). In the Olympic Winter Games, events such as freestyle skiing, snowboarding, alpine skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey pose a particularly high risk. Predominant injury sites include the knee, spine/back, and wrist and hand, with injuries ranging from contusions and hematomas to strains and sprains. For effective injury prevention, it is crucial to emphasize proper medical resource allocation, specialized training for medical personnel, and meticulous venue maintenance.

To investigate the effects of exercise on executive function in children, providing an evidence-based foundation to inform future research in school physical education and health education. We searched ten databases: Cochrane Library, Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP, and SinoMed, and eight articles were included. Applying the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB2), funnel plots and Egger regression analysis were integrated with R meta-analysis to screen for publication bias. The quality of the evidence was appraised using the Grading system. The included literature contained 2655 participants, with 1308 in the experimental group and 1347 in the control group. The results indicated that the aerobic exercise group considerably improved inhibitory control in children compared to the control group [SMD = 0.29, 95% CI (0.05, 0.54), P = 0.018]; working memory [SMD = 0.25, 95% CI (0.07, 0.42), P = 0.005]; and cognitive flexibility [SMD = 0.36, 95% CI (0.17, 0.54), P < 0.001]. However, the findings indicated that only aerobic exercise interventions extending beyond 50 weeks positively influenced academic performance in children [SMD = 1.19, 95% CI (0.34, 2.04), P = 0.006]. The results of an Egger regression analysis revealed that the p-values for inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and academic performance were more significant than 0.1. The Grade system said that the quality of evidence was all low regarding the level of evidence. Aerobic exercise enhanced executive function but only aerobic exercise interventions extending beyond 50 weeks demonstrated a significant effect on the academic performance of children. Due to the low quality of evidence presented in this study, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

This meta-analysis aims to explore the dose–response relationship of aerobic exercise or aerobic combined resistance exercise on cardiopulmonary function in maintenance hemodialysis（MHD）, with the goal of aiding in the formulation of precise exercise prescriptions. A literature search up to August 18, 2023, was conducted in databases including Web of Science, among others, focusing on the effects of exercise interventions on cardiopulmonary function in hemodialysis patients.Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and an assessment of study methodology quality. A dose–response meta-analysis was carried out using a one-stage cubic spline mixed-effects model, followed by stratified analyses based on intervention period, intervention method, and exercise environment. A nonlinear dose–response relationship was observed between exercise and 6-minute walk test (6WMT) as well as peak oxygen uptake (VO₂Peak) in hemodialysis patients. The optimal exercise dose for the 6WMT across the full exposure range was 922 METs-min/week, with VO₂Peak increasing with the dose. The effects were influenced by the type of exercise, intervention period, and exercise environment. An exercise dose of 500 METs-min/week and 619 METs-min/week was found sufficient to achieve the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for 6WMT and VO₂Peak, respectively. There is a significant association between the dose of exercise and its effects. With appropriate adjustment of variables, even low-dose exercise can lead to clinically significant improvements in cardiopulmonary function.

Objective: To assess the methodological quality of meta-analytic literature on exercise interventions for cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the certainty of evidence for its outcome indicators, and to provide clinicians and researchers with more reliable data for making decisions. Methods: Meta-analytic literature related to the effect of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment was searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Web of Science, all with a search period frame of each database until June 1, 2024. The AMSTAR2 scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Results: Seventeen meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR2 scale evaluation results showed that there was one medium-quality studies (5.55%), seven low-quality studies (38.88%), and 10 very low-quality studies (55.55%). Methodological deficiencies included failure to prepare a plan and provide a registration number, literature screening, data extraction, reasons for exclusion not described in detail, poor implementation process for systematic evaluation, and failure to describe the source of funding for the included studies or relevant conflicts of interest. Conclusion: The overall methodological quality of the meta-analytic literature is low, and the certainty of evidence is low. We encourage the conduction of high-quality randomized trials to generate stronger evidence. Subsequent systematic reviews can then synthesize this evidence to inform future research and clinical guidelines.

Quantifying metabolic cost during short transitional movements is challenging because conventional metabolic measurements have limited temporal resolution. This proof-of-concept study examined whether model-derived metabolic cost during the sit-to-walk (STW) transition could be exploratorily stratified using interpretable ensemble learning. Forty-nine healthy adults completed the STW phase of the Timed Up and Go task with synchronized three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces, and eight-channel surface electromyography. Individually scaled OpenSim gait2392 models and the Umberger metabolic model were used to estimate metabolic power from seat-off to the end of the first complete gait cycle. Window-averaged metabolic power was stratified into low-, medium-, and high-cost levels. Window-level biomechanical features were extracted from kinematic, kinetic, and muscle-state time series. Seven classifiers were trained using a subject-level 7:3 train–test split and stratified five-fold cross-validation within the training set, and their probability outputs were integrated through TOPSIS-weighted classifier fusion. SHapley Additive exPlanations were used for class-specific feature attribution. The fused ensemble achieved an AUC of 0.870, F1 score of 0.703, accuracy of 0.705, and specificity of 0.853 on the independent test set. Discrimination was stronger for the low- and high-cost levels than for the medium-cost level. SHAP-based attribution highlighted force-related changes and knee-angle variability and amplitude measures as prediction-relevant biomechanical features. These findings support a model-derived, interpretable workflow for extending STW assessment from task performance to task cost, while indicating the need for further validation in larger and clinical datasets.