Preparing a city for the impact of global warming is becoming of major importance. Adopting climate-proof policies and strategies in response to climate change has become a fundamental element for city planning. To this end, this research considers a multidisciplinary approach, at the local scale, able to connect urban planning and architecture, as a vital base for considering a coastal cities’ ability to control the consequences of climate change, specifically floods. So far, there is a scarcity of research connecting sea ground and land surveys, and this study could become a foundational reference for coastline settlement management using BIM. We found in BIM (Building Information Modeling) a possible tool for managing coastal risk, since it can combine crowdsourced data for geometric and information modeling of the city. The proposed BIM model includes a topography used for 3D thematic maps, a riverbed model, and a waterway model. This model aims to facilitate coordination across separate actors and interests since the urban area model is always updatable and improvable. Focusing on a case study of Lisbon, we developed risk-based 3D maps of the area close to the shoreline of the Tagus River.

Vernacular forms which can be found in North Portugal and Galicia (region of Western Spain) can be traced down up until times, when this geographical area was bound together through Celtic influences. Wood, stone, and clay, used for local constructions, appear in many forms which are until now well preserved around the area. The main objective of research was to identify vernacular forms, focusing on granaries, commonly found in the study area, and creating the proposal of their reuse. Development and roots of those buildings is researched, showing their historical origin, locally sourced materials used in the region, as well as the state of the buildings nowadays and legal ways of their protection in Spain and Portugal. The base of the project was a village renewal concept which aims to adapt the ruins of unused agricultural settlements located in Porreiras for cultural tourism needs, with a proposal of reusing granaries as pilgrim units. Minimal intervention is made thanks to creating interior of a granary as a piece of furniture, filling, but not interfering with existing construction. Concept of safeguarding granaries through giving them new function is proposed to be implemented on Camino de Santiago tail, since the granaries are commonly found in rural landscape of North Portugal and Spanish Galicia.

Vernacular forms which can be found in North Portugal and Galicia (region of Western Spain) can be traced down up until times, when this geographical area was bound together through Celtic influences. Wood, stone, and clay, used for local constructions, appear in many forms which are until now well preserved around the area. The main objective of research was to identify vernacular forms, focusing on granaries, commonly found in the study area, and creating the proposal of their reuse. Development and roots of those buildings is researched, showing their historical origin, locally sourced materials used in the region, as well as the state of the buildings nowadays and legal ways of their protection in Spain and Portugal. The base of the project was a village renewal concept which aims to adapt the ruins of unused agricultural settlements located in Porreiras for cultural tourism needs, with a proposal of reusing granaries as pilgrim units. Minimal intervention is made thanks to creating interior of a granary as a piece of furniture, filling, but not interfering with existing construction. Concept of safeguarding granaries through giving them new function is proposed to be implemented on Camino de Santiago tail, since the granaries are commonly found in rural landscape of North Portugal and Spanish Galicia.

As bodies of historical districts of Iranian cities became coordinated through historical, cultural, economic, social, and environmental continuum, they gathered a special character and identity. Those features diminished at some point in time due to various changes and because of thoughtless imitations of Western manifestations in urban planning patterns, in most cases are incompatible with the original Iranian identity. Cultural continuity is possible by recognizing the concepts and principles of organizing urban spaces in the historical cities of Iran and applying them in the design of new urban spaces, to bring identity and originality back to the local society. Kerman historical bazaar, originating about 6 centuries ago, is the longest historical bazaar in Iran. This study analyzes the historical district of Kerman Bazaar by recognizing the nature of its identity through phenomenological approach, examining the initial nucleus of the formation and its changes in time. The results indicate that the formation nucleus of the bazaar was north-south Kerman and the importance of the east-west sections of the bazaar were increasing over time because of the erection of the Grand Mosque and the Rayen Citadel. The spatial identity in the urban space of the bazaar evolved. Over time, the concepts about its form, function, and semantics, led to functional continuation of the bazaar spaces network, so that now it witnesses everyday presence of different social groups and continues its vivid economic life. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->

This is part II (of the two-parts paper) dedicated to the development of a pre-rationalization approach that provides favorable constructive properties for the low-tech construction of doubly curved structures. In this second part, we utilize the geometric constructs developed in part I, specifically patches with one direction of their coordinate curves being planar (PU-property) and the other direction generating developable strips (V-strips), to address site constraints. More precisely, we articulate a design process based on these constructs that allows for the low-tech construction of a doubly curved bamboo structure without falsework.

This article proposes a proof of concept related to a methodology that uses an unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) as an investigation tool in landscape planning, which results can be used also in archaeology, cultural landscape, and heritage studies, to create a multidimensional approach for understanding relations between valuable assets and preserve fundamental qualities of the landscape. It is evaluated if UAV is appropriate as a research tool (through accessibility of equipment, software, and workflows of its application) capable of providing multidimensional views of the landscape that could be used to anticipate planning decisions. As an example, the Torto River, located in Braga, Portugal, starting from its intersection with Roman Via XIX, was studied. Research aims to show that the drone surveying can lead to raised awareness on disappearing continuity of landscape elements, and the value of their spatial relationships, which are not taken into consideration in development of places like researched area neighbouring nuclei of S. Frutuoso and Dume, nearby popular pilgrimage trail Camino de Santiago. The possibility of identifying and reflecting on the elements that ensure continuity of landscape is noted through videography recorded based on the visual line of sight (VLOS) mode. The research explores a variety of conditions that should be considered when preparing for research and recording chosen information (as local regulations, weather conditions, expected outputs), proposing a methodology of flight planning and execution with the most optimal setups, including –15° angle for capturing landscape elements and their relationship, and – 90° for photogrammetry and videogrammetry (here captured in maximal altitudes allowed for the research area, not overstepping 75 and 120 m limit). Niniejszy artykuł dowodzi słuszności koncepcji wykorzystywania bezzałogowego statku powietrznego (UAV) jako narzędzia badawczego w planowaniu krajobrazu. Pozyskane dane mogą być zastosowane również w archeologii, badaniach krajobrazu kulturowego i dziedzictwa w celu stworzenia wielowymiarowego podejścia do zrozumienia relacji pomiędzy cennymi elementami i zachowania podstawowych cech krajobrazu. Przeprowadzono ocenę, czy UAV jest odpowiedni jako narzędzie badawcze (przez dostępność sprzętu, oprogramowania i metodyki pracy) zdolne do dostarczenia zróżnicowanych ujęć krajobrazu, które mogłyby być wykorzystane w podejmowaniu decyzji planistycznych. Jako przykład zbadano Torto, rzekę w Bradze w Portugalii, od jej przecięcia z rzymską drogą Via XIX.Badania mają na celu pokazanie, że dokumentacja dronem może prowadzić do zwiększenia świadomości na temat zanikającej ciągłości elementów krajobrazu oraz wartości istniejących relacji przestrzennych, które nie są brane pod uwagę w procesach urbanizacji takich miejsc, jak obszar sąsiadujący z ośrodkami S. Frutuoso i Dume, w pobliżu popularnego szlaku pielgrzymkowego Camino de Santiago.Możliwość identyfikacji i refleksji nad elementami zapewniającymi spójność krajobrazu jest odnotowywana za pomocą wideografii rejestrowanej w trybie visual line of sight (VLOS). Przeanalizowano również różne warunki, które należy wziąć pod uwagę, przygotowując się do badań i rejestrując informacje (np. lokalne przepisy, warunki pogodowe, oczekiwane rezultaty), oraz zaproponowano metodologię planowania i wykonywania lotów z najbardziej optymalnymi ustawieniami, z których wybrane zostały: kąt –15° dla uchwycenia elementów krajobrazu i ich relacji oraz –90° dla fotogrametrii i wideogrametrii (tu uchwyconych na maksymalnych wysokościach dopuszczalnych dla obszaru badań, nieprzekraczających granicy 75 i 120 m).