Ishmael Festus Jaja is a veterinarian in the Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa. He obtained his DVM from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and his MSc and PhD from the University of Fort Hare, South Africa. He specializes in veterinary public health; food safety, especially foodborne pathogens; and antimicrobial resistance.