This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Dr. Ishmael Jaja
University of Fort Hare

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Cattle
0 Fingerprinting
0 Food Safety
0 Meat
0 Multiplex PCR

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2021
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a significant threat to global health and food security, typically associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. The high burden of infectious diseases coupled with the weak health systems in most countries of Africa magnifies the risk of increasing AMR and its consequences thereof. This scoping review will be aimed at mapping the evidence on interventions used to prevent and manage antimicrobial resistance in Africa, guided by the “One Health” concept. We will consider interventions targeting multiple sectors such as health care systems, the agricultural and veterinary sectors. The outcomes to be considered include reduction of AMR decreased morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, increased awareness for rational use of antimicrobials and reduced antibiotic consumption. We will include all types of studies regardless of study designs conducted within the context of the WHO African region. Studies will be excluded if they are not conducted in Africa and if they are literature reviews, only describing the concept of AMR without mentioning interventions. We will include studies identified through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature databases. In addition, we will search the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. Finally, we plan to do a citation search for included studies. Findings of this review will be narratively synthesized.

ACS Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja; Anelisa Jaca; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Portia Jordan; Phelele Bhengu; Chidozie Declan Iwu; Joseph Okeibunor; Humphrey Karamagi; Prosper Tumusiime; Walter Fuller; Ali Ahmed Yahaya; Charles Wiysonge; Laetitia Gahimbare. Preventing and managing antimicrobial resistance in the African region: A scoping review protocol. 2021, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja, Anelisa Jaca, Ishmael Festus Jaja, Portia Jordan, Phelele Bhengu, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Joseph Okeibunor, Humphrey Karamagi, Prosper Tumusiime, Walter Fuller, Ali Ahmed Yahaya, Charles Wiysonge, Laetitia Gahimbare. Preventing and managing antimicrobial resistance in the African region: A scoping review protocol. . 2021; 16 (7):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja; Anelisa Jaca; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Portia Jordan; Phelele Bhengu; Chidozie Declan Iwu; Joseph Okeibunor; Humphrey Karamagi; Prosper Tumusiime; Walter Fuller; Ali Ahmed Yahaya; Charles Wiysonge; Laetitia Gahimbare. 2021. "Preventing and managing antimicrobial resistance in the African region: A scoping review protocol." 16, no. 7: 1.

Regular articles
Published: 12 July 2021 in Tropical Animal Health and Production
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Milk serves as a significant source of protein for many families and aids in combating food insecurity. However, the demand for milk and milk-related products far exceeds the supply. The objective of the study was to evaluate dairy farm-workers’ knowledge of factors responsible for culling and mortality of dairy cows in the Eastern Cape Province. Data was collected from 106 dairy farm-workers using a questionnaire. Any correctly answered question by the majority amounted to a point and a zero for incorrectly answered questions. Correct answering by the majority to more than half the questions of a subsection amounted to a pass. A less than 50% pass rate was considered a poor level of knowledge, 51–69% pass rate was considered an average level of knowledge, and anything higher than that was considered a good level of knowledge. Most farm-workers (66.0%) relied on their colleagues for dairy health information. Most dairy farm-workers (49.1%) indicated that lameness, milk fever (56.6%), and mastitis (47.2%) do not lead to culling and mortality of dairy cows. A majority (83%) of farm-workers agreed that reproduction problems, poor milk yield (77.3%), and age (81.1%) are the main reasons for culling dairy cows. The participants had varying perceptions and limited knowledge (28.3%) about the major contributing factors of culling and mortality. The lack of training courses and minimal use of other sources of information such as the internet might contribute to this poor knowledge and perceptions.

ACS Style

Yanga Simamkele Diniso; Ishmael Festus Jaja. Dairy farm-workers’ knowledge of factors responsible for culling and mortality in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2021, 53, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Yanga Simamkele Diniso, Ishmael Festus Jaja. Dairy farm-workers’ knowledge of factors responsible for culling and mortality in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2021; 53 (3):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanga Simamkele Diniso; Ishmael Festus Jaja. 2021. "Dairy farm-workers’ knowledge of factors responsible for culling and mortality in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Tropical Animal Health and Production 53, no. 3: 1-8.

Review
Published: 23 June 2021 in Vaccines
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Although most HPV infections are transient and asymptomatic, persistent infection with high-risk HPV types may results in diseases. Although there are currently three effective and safe prophylactic HPV vaccines that are used across the world, HPV vaccination coverage remains low. This review evaluates the effects of the interventions to improve HPV vaccination coverage. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and checked the reference lists of relevant articles for eligible studies. Thirty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Our review found that various evaluated interventions have improved HPV vaccination coverage, including narrative education, outreach plus reminders, reminders, financial incentives plus reminders, brief motivational behavioral interventions, provider prompts, training, training plus assessment and feedback, consultation, funding, and multicomponent interventions. However, the evaluation of these intervention was conducted in high-income countries, mainly the United States of America. There is, therefore, a need for studies to evaluate the effect of these interventions in low-and middle-income countries, where there is a high burden of HPV and limited HPV vaccination programs.

ACS Style

Edison Mavundza; Chinwe Iwu-Jaja; Alison Wiyeh; Blessings Gausi; Leila Abdullahi; Gregory Halle-Ekane; Charles Wiysonge. A Systematic Review of Interventions to Improve HPV Vaccination Coverage. Vaccines 2021, 9, 687 .

AMA Style

Edison Mavundza, Chinwe Iwu-Jaja, Alison Wiyeh, Blessings Gausi, Leila Abdullahi, Gregory Halle-Ekane, Charles Wiysonge. A Systematic Review of Interventions to Improve HPV Vaccination Coverage. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (7):687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edison Mavundza; Chinwe Iwu-Jaja; Alison Wiyeh; Blessings Gausi; Leila Abdullahi; Gregory Halle-Ekane; Charles Wiysonge. 2021. "A Systematic Review of Interventions to Improve HPV Vaccination Coverage." Vaccines 9, no. 7: 687.

Research paper
Published: 03 May 2021 in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Vaccine hesitancy is a phenomenon where individuals delay or refuse to take some or all vaccines. The objective of this study was to conduct a global bibliometric analysis of research productivity and identify country level indicators that could be associated with publications on vaccine hesitancy. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for publications from 1974 to 2019, and selected articles focused on behavioral and social aspects of vaccination. Data on country-level indicators were obtained from the World Bank. We used Spearman’s correlation and zero-inflated negative-binomial regression models to ascertain the association between country level indicators and the number of publications. We identified 4314 articles, with 1099 eligible for inclusion. The United States of America (461 publications, 41.9%), Canada (84 publications, 7.6%) and the United Kingdom (68 publications, 6.2%) had the highest number of publications. Although various country indicators had significant correlations with vaccine hesitancy publications, only gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national income (GNI) per capita were independent positive predictors of the number of publications. When the number of publications were standardized by GDP, the Gambia, Somalia and Malawi ranked highest in decreasing order. The United States, Canada and United Kingdom ranked highest (in that order) when standardized by current health expenditure. Overall, high-income countries were more productive in vaccine hesitancy research than low-and-middle-income countries. There is a need for more investment in research on vaccine hesitancy in low-and-middle-income countries.

ACS Style

Anelisa Jaca; Chinwe J. Iwu-Jaja; Yusentha Balakrishna; Elizabeth Pienaar; Charles S. Wiysonge. A global bibliometric analysis of research productivity on vaccine hesitancy from 1974 to 2019. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2021, 17, 3016 -3022.

AMA Style

Anelisa Jaca, Chinwe J. Iwu-Jaja, Yusentha Balakrishna, Elizabeth Pienaar, Charles S. Wiysonge. A global bibliometric analysis of research productivity on vaccine hesitancy from 1974 to 2019. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2021; 17 (9):3016-3022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anelisa Jaca; Chinwe J. Iwu-Jaja; Yusentha Balakrishna; Elizabeth Pienaar; Charles S. Wiysonge. 2021. "A global bibliometric analysis of research productivity on vaccine hesitancy from 1974 to 2019." Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 17, no. 9: 3016-3022.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Foods
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Notwithstanding the increased toxic heavy metals/metalloids (THMs) accumulation in (edible) organs owed to goat′s feeding habit and anthropogenic activities, the chevon remains increasingly relished as a special delicacy in Nigeria. Specific to the South-Eastern region, however, there is paucity of relevant data regarding the prevalence of THMs in goat carcasses processed for human consumption. This work was, therefore, aimed to investigate the detection, distribution and health risk assessment of THMs in goat carcass processed for human consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. To achieve this, a total of 450 meat samples (kidney, liver and muscle) were evaluated from 150 randomly selected goat carcasses processed in two major slaughterhouses in Enugu State. The detection, distribution, as well as health risk assessment parameters followed standard procedures. Results revealed that at least one THM was detected in 56% of the carcasses. Mean concentrations of arsenic (As) were 0.53 ± 0.10 mg/kg, 0.57 ± 0.09 mg/kg and 0.45 ± 0.08 mg/kg, lead (Pb) were 0.48 ± 0.38 mg/kg, 0.45 ± 0.24 mg/kg and 0.82 ± 0.39 mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) was 0.06 ± 0.32 mg/kg, 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg, and 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg for kidney, liver and muscle tissues, respectively. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) for all THMs were above the recommended safe limits. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) computed for all As, Cd and Pb fell below unity in all the studied organs, which indicated no non-carcinogenic risks. Curtailing the anthropogenic activities that aid the THM-contamination in goat production/processing lines is recommended. Screening for THM-contamination in Nigerian slaughterhouses is imperative, so as to ascertain the toxicological safety of meats intended for human consumption.

ACS Style

Emmanuel Njoga; Ekene Ezenduka; Chiazor Ogbodo; Chukwuka Ogbonna; Ishmael Jaja; Anthony Ofomatah; Charles Okpala. Detection, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals/Metalloids, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Goat Carcasses Processed for Human Consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. Foods 2021, 10, 798 .

AMA Style

Emmanuel Njoga, Ekene Ezenduka, Chiazor Ogbodo, Chukwuka Ogbonna, Ishmael Jaja, Anthony Ofomatah, Charles Okpala. Detection, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals/Metalloids, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Goat Carcasses Processed for Human Consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. Foods. 2021; 10 (4):798.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emmanuel Njoga; Ekene Ezenduka; Chiazor Ogbodo; Chukwuka Ogbonna; Ishmael Jaja; Anthony Ofomatah; Charles Okpala. 2021. "Detection, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals/Metalloids, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Goat Carcasses Processed for Human Consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria." Foods 10, no. 4: 798.

Original research article
Published: 07 April 2021 in International Journal of Tropical Insect Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The effect of dietary graded inclusion levels of Imbrasia belina worm meal on meat chemical composition and fatty acid profile of broiler chicken meat was evaluated. A total of 360 chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments, with each treatment group replicated 6 times (n = 15/replicate). The inclusion levels of the I. belina worm meal in the treatments were 0% control = T1, T2 = 4%, T3 = 8% and 12%. A three-phase feeding program of starter (0-14d), grower (15-28d), and finisher (29-35d) was employed for the study. The results showed that crude protein content of breast meat was higher (P < 0.05) in dietary treatments than control, whereas crude fat content of thigh meat was higher (P < 0.05) than in breast meat. The fatty acid composition of breast meat myristic and myristoleic acid levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in treatment groups than the control, whereas the levels of linoleic acid, ⅀PUFA, ⅀PUFA/SFA, ⅀PUFA: MUFA, ⅀(n-6) in thigh meat decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in treatment groups than control. The ⅀(n-3) and atherogenic index in the thigh meat increased significantly (P < 0.05) with incremental levels of I. belina meal. In conclusion, I. belina meal improved the protein content of breast meat and reduced levels of some fatty acids.

ACS Style

Sipho Moyo; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Keletso Mopipi; Arno Hugo; Patrick Masika; Voster Muchenje. Effect of dietary graded levels of Imbrasia belina on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of meat from broiler chickens. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 2021, 41, 2083 -2091.

AMA Style

Sipho Moyo, Ishmael Festus Jaja, Keletso Mopipi, Arno Hugo, Patrick Masika, Voster Muchenje. Effect of dietary graded levels of Imbrasia belina on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of meat from broiler chickens. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 2021; 41 (3):2083-2091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sipho Moyo; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Keletso Mopipi; Arno Hugo; Patrick Masika; Voster Muchenje. 2021. "Effect of dietary graded levels of Imbrasia belina on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of meat from broiler chickens." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 41, no. 3: 2083-2091.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2021 in January-July
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Barely 1 year after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in China, the virus has infected approximately 120 million people, caused around 3 million deaths, and adversely affected the global economy. Despite stringent measures to flatten the epidemiologic curve of the pandemic, there have been spikes and waves of the infection in many countries, particularly in the American, European, and Asian continents. This review critically evaluated the global epidemiology of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide advice on other possible ways of managing the disease as various COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out. To effectively control this and possible future epidemics/pandemics, there is a need to maintain a healthy balance between saving lives and livelihoods in the implementation of lockdowns. Unwarranted human exposures to animals, particularly pangolins, civet cats, bats, dromedary camels, and other wildlife known to be reservoirs and intermediate hosts of coronaviruses should be prevented. All the identified strains of SARS-CoV-2, including the highly infectious UK and South African variants, should be incorporated in COVID-19 vaccine production; to widen the protection spectrum. Some of the COVID-19 vaccines require primary inoculation, booster vaccination after 2-4 weeks and annual revaccination for adequate immunization against SARS-CoV-2. Survivors of COVID-19 may require only a single vaccine dozing and annual revaccination thereafter. Adoption of One Health approach and the development of globally coordinated active surveillance systems against emerging and reemerging zoonotic viruses are imperative.

ACS Style

Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga; Yusuf Feyisara Zakariya; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Chinwe Elizabeth Okoli; Philip Paul Mshelbwala. Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 and lessons for effective control of this and future pandemics. January-July 2021, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga, Yusuf Feyisara Zakariya, Ishmael Festus Jaja, Chinwe Elizabeth Okoli, Philip Paul Mshelbwala. Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 and lessons for effective control of this and future pandemics. January-July. 2021; 7 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga; Yusuf Feyisara Zakariya; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Chinwe Elizabeth Okoli; Philip Paul Mshelbwala. 2021. "Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 and lessons for effective control of this and future pandemics." January-July 7, no. 1: 1.

Review
Published: 01 January 2021 in Pan African Medical Journal
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The long-term effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not well understood. This rapid review was aimed at synthesizing evidence on the long-term effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection among survivors. We considered both randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies eligible for inclusion in this review. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database. The reference lists of all the included studies were also searched. Two authors independently screened the search outputs and reviewed full texts of potentially eligible articles. Data extraction was done by one author and checked by a second author. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity among the included studies. Results are presented narratively. Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. All these studies were conducted in high-income countries. Study findings demonstrate that COVID-19 survivors can experience persistent symptoms after recovering from their initial illness, especially among previously hospitalized persons. The majority of symptoms reported were fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, and sleep disorders. Mental conditions, such as depression and anxiety disorders, were also reported. In conclusion, this study showed that COVID-19 survivors can experience persistent symptoms after recovering from their initial illness. Therefore, there is a need for a long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients and rehabilitation services for survivors. More research is needed in this area, especially in Africa.

ACS Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwua; Chidozie Declan Iwu; Charles Shey Wiysonge. The occurrence of long COVID: a rapid review. Pan African Medical Journal 2021, 38, 1 .

AMA Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwua, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Charles Shey Wiysonge. The occurrence of long COVID: a rapid review. Pan African Medical Journal. 2021; 38 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwua; Chidozie Declan Iwu; Charles Shey Wiysonge. 2021. "The occurrence of long COVID: a rapid review." Pan African Medical Journal 38, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Infection Ecology & Epidemiology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health problem and a threat to effective treatment and prevention of an array of infections caused by bacteria. Africa is already faced with many socio-economic and health crises. Many countries in Africa can seldom boast of a standardized health care facility comparable to those in developed countries. Yet, the non-therapeutic use of COL has been banned in developed countries. However, in Africa, except for South Africa, COL is an over-the-counter (OTC) medication sold and dispensed by non-professionals/without a veterinarian’s supervision. The ban of non-therapeutic COL in developed countries has proven to reduce the development of mobile colistin resistance (MCR) in humans and animals. The unregulated use of COL has been proven to select pathogenic and commensal bacteria resistance. A transmissible plasmid-mediated colistin determinant, mobile COL resistance (mcr) gene, which is rapidly transferred/acquired horizontally or laterally intra/inter-species/genera, has been reported. A highly promiscuous mobile genetic element like plasmids containing transposons, insertion sequences, and integrons aid the carriage/rapid transfer and acquisition of these mcr genes. Hence, we highlight the danger posed by escalating colistin (COL) resistance in the continent and the impetus to halt the indiscriminate and non-therapeutic use of COL to protect public health.

ACS Style

Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu; Ishmael Festus Jaja; James Wabwire Oguttu; Chinwe Juliana Jaja; Kennedy Foinkfu Chah; Vincent Shodeinde Shoyinka. Is Africa ready for mobile colistin resistance threat? Infection Ecology & Epidemiology 2021, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu, Ishmael Festus Jaja, James Wabwire Oguttu, Chinwe Juliana Jaja, Kennedy Foinkfu Chah, Vincent Shodeinde Shoyinka. Is Africa ready for mobile colistin resistance threat? Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. 2021; 11 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu; Ishmael Festus Jaja; James Wabwire Oguttu; Chinwe Juliana Jaja; Kennedy Foinkfu Chah; Vincent Shodeinde Shoyinka. 2021. "Is Africa ready for mobile colistin resistance threat?" Infection Ecology & Epidemiology 11, no. 1: 1.

Papers
Published: 24 November 2020 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary graded levels of Imbrasia belina at 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% of broiler diets on meat quality and sensory attributes. A total of 360 one-day-old broiler chicks, were fed graded I. belina diets and slaughtered on day 35. Body weight (BW), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were recorded. Breast muscles were evaluated for ultimate pH, meat colour (L* (lightness), a*(redness), b*(yellowness), tenderness, cooking loss. Forty consumer panellists evaluated sensory attributes. On day 28, the ADG in birds fed IB4 (88.06 g) and control (80.09 g) were statistically similar. On day 28 and 35 FI of broiler chickens fed control (147.47 g; 178.45 g) was the highest. The highest values for L* were observed in IB1, but not significantly different (p > .05) from IB3 and IB4. For redness, a* values were highest in IB3 and lowest in IB1. Lightness, yellowness, pH24 and Hue showed a quadratic response to increasing levels of IB meal. The shear force values were highest in IB1 (11.27), but not significantly different (p > .05) from IB3 (9.97) and IB4 (9.85). However, the tenderness scores were observed to be highest from IB3 (7.00). The highest acceptability scores of the breast meat were from IB2 (7.65). In conclusion, adding graded levels of I. belina meal up to 12% into diets of broilers had a positive effect on growth performance, meat quality and sensory attributes.

ACS Style

Sipho Moyo; Patrick Julius Masika; Voster Muchenje; Ishmael Festus Jaja. Effect of Imbrasia belina meal on growth performance, quality characteristics and sensory attributes of broiler chicken meat. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 1450 -1461.

AMA Style

Sipho Moyo, Patrick Julius Masika, Voster Muchenje, Ishmael Festus Jaja. Effect of Imbrasia belina meal on growth performance, quality characteristics and sensory attributes of broiler chicken meat. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):1450-1461.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sipho Moyo; Patrick Julius Masika; Voster Muchenje; Ishmael Festus Jaja. 2020. "Effect of Imbrasia belina meal on growth performance, quality characteristics and sensory attributes of broiler chicken meat." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 1450-1461.

Nutrition and metabolism
Published: 11 November 2020 in BMJ Open
Reads 0
Downloads 0

IntroductionThe worldwide prevalence of obesity and overweight has doubled since 1980, such that approximately a third of the world’s population is reported as obese or overweight. Obesity rates have increased in all ages and both sexes irrespective of geographical area, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Due to the high prevalence, related health consequences and costs of childhood and adult obesity, there is a need to comprehensively identify and assess the major underlying drivers of obesity and overweight in the African context.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be carried out as per the methodological outline by Arksey and O’Malley. The search strategy will be developed and search performed in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases. In the first search, we will identify concepts that are used as an equivalent to obesity and overweight. Subsequently, we will search for studies comprising of search terms on the underlying factors that drive the development of obesity and overweight. Lastly, we will check reference lists for additional publications. Abstracts and full-text studies will independently be screened by two authors.Ethics and disseminationThe proposed study will generate evidence from published data and hence does not require ethics approval. Evidence generated from this review will be disseminated through journal publications and conference presentations.

ACS Style

Anelisa Jaca; Chinwe Iwu; Solange Durão; Adelheid W Onyango; Charles Shey Wiysonge. Understanding the underlying drivers of obesity in Africa: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020, 10, e040940 .

AMA Style

Anelisa Jaca, Chinwe Iwu, Solange Durão, Adelheid W Onyango, Charles Shey Wiysonge. Understanding the underlying drivers of obesity in Africa: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open. 2020; 10 (11):e040940.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anelisa Jaca; Chinwe Iwu; Solange Durão; Adelheid W Onyango; Charles Shey Wiysonge. 2020. "Understanding the underlying drivers of obesity in Africa: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 11: e040940.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The effect of increasing dietary levels of Imbrasia belina worm meal on blood lipid profile, bone morphometric and mineral content in Arbor acres broiler chicks were assessed. A total of 360-day old chicks were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, with each treatment group replicated 6 times (n = 15/replicate). The inclusion levels of the I. belina worm meal in the diets were 0 % (Treatment 1= control), 4 % (Treatment 2), 8 % (Treatment 3) and 12 % (Treatment 4). A 3-phase feeding program of starter (0−14d), grower (15−28d), and finisher (29−35d) was employed for the study. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), bone morphometrics and mineral content were recorded at the end of study. There was no significant difference of total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration in all the treatments. However, significant concentrations were observed in triglycerides (TGL) and T3 showed highest levels compared to other treatments, at 35 days of age. The dietary inclusion levels of Imbrasia belina had no effect on femur weight, width, relative bone density, and bone breaking strength. However, the significant difference was observed on femur length, robusticity index and ash percentage. Also, broiler chickens fed T1 (6.62 g/100 g, 15.23 g/100 g dry matter) had the highest femur Ca and P content. Femur Z content of broilers fed T4 (24.08 mg/100 g dry matter) was highest. The correlation analyses showed significant moderate relationships between ash and femur weight, but however significant positive relationships with calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc. More so, the correlation between femur strength and calcium and phosphorous was significant positive with a higher magnitude. The result of this study suggests that I. belina meal up to 12 % can be effectively utilized in broiler diets without any adverse effect on and bone mineral properties.

ACS Style

Sipho Moyo; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Keletsho Mopipi; Patrick Masika; Voster Muchenje. Effect of graded levels of Imbrasia belina meal on blood lipid profile, bone morphometric and mineral content of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2020, 271, 114736 .

AMA Style

Sipho Moyo, Ishmael Festus Jaja, Keletsho Mopipi, Patrick Masika, Voster Muchenje. Effect of graded levels of Imbrasia belina meal on blood lipid profile, bone morphometric and mineral content of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2020; 271 ():114736.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sipho Moyo; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Keletsho Mopipi; Patrick Masika; Voster Muchenje. 2020. "Effect of graded levels of Imbrasia belina meal on blood lipid profile, bone morphometric and mineral content of broiler chickens." Animal Feed Science and Technology 271, no. : 114736.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in The Open Agriculture Journal
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background: Fish currently provide 6.7% of all proteins consumed by humans globally; nevertheless, the aquaculture system has been linked to fish, environmental contamination and disease outbreak. The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria from water samples of pond stocked with Tilapia and Catfish in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Objective: To isolate, identify and characterise heterotrophic bacteria and test for the antibiogram of detected Coliforms. Methods: Water samples were collected from ponds stocked with Tilapia and Catfish, and tested for total heterotrophic and coliform bacteria as well as the antibiogram. The susceptibility of the isolates was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. Results: A total of 40 isolates were recovered from the water samples, of which 5 species were Gram positive bacteria representing two genera, and 35 species were Gram negative bacteria representing four genera. The temperature for all ponds ranged from 25°C to 28°C. The mean bacterial count varied from 1.9×104 to 5.4×104 CFU/ml per fish pond. All isolates were 100% resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime and augmentin. More resistance to cefixime (80%) and gentamicin (73.3%) and nitrofurantoin (66.7%) was also recorded. However, only 16.6% and 8.3% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, respectively. The multiple antimicrobial resistance index (MARI) ranged from 0.5 to 0.9. The water physicochemical parameters (temperature and pH) and the type of bacteria detected in all pond types did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Fish pond is a reservoir of multi-drug resistant bacteria that could serve as environmental source of drug resistance gene transfer. This calls for effective monitoring and assessment as well as management devices for the protection of community and environmental health.

ACS Style

Cecilia Nireti Fakorede; Evelyn Nwadinkpa Fatokun; Blessing Philip-Kantiok; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Ishmael Festus Jaja. Bacteriological Quality and Antibiotics' Susceptibility Profile of Small-medium Scale Commercial Fish farms in Nigeria. The Open Agriculture Journal 2020, 14, 198 -208.

AMA Style

Cecilia Nireti Fakorede, Evelyn Nwadinkpa Fatokun, Blessing Philip-Kantiok, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Ishmael Festus Jaja. Bacteriological Quality and Antibiotics' Susceptibility Profile of Small-medium Scale Commercial Fish farms in Nigeria. The Open Agriculture Journal. 2020; 14 (1):198-208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cecilia Nireti Fakorede; Evelyn Nwadinkpa Fatokun; Blessing Philip-Kantiok; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Ishmael Festus Jaja. 2020. "Bacteriological Quality and Antibiotics' Susceptibility Profile of Small-medium Scale Commercial Fish farms in Nigeria." The Open Agriculture Journal 14, no. 1: 198-208.

Research article
Published: 21 September 2020 in BioMed Research International
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background. Foodborne diseases (FBD) caused by resistant pathogens are a global public health problem. One main driver of the increasing FBD incidence is the transfer of pathogenic organisms from animal guts to carcasses during processing and subsequent transfer from meat products to consumers. Methods. In this study, meat samples from abattoirs in the formal meat sector (FMS) (n=140) and slaughter points in the informal meat sector (IMS) (n=104) were collected for microbial detection and phenotypic AMR determination using polymerase chain reaction. Results. The antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus isolates revealed that resistance to clindamycin (74.3%) and ampicillin (59.5%) was highest in the FMS, while resistance to penicillin (83.8%) and tetracycline (82.1%) was highest in the IMS. Escherichia coli isolates show significant resistance to chloramphenicol (90.7%) and tetracycline (82.3%) in the FMS. Likewise, resistance to tetracycline (92.3%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (87.5%) was highest in the IMS. The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) for S. aureus and E. coli ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 and 0.2 to 0.5, respectively. Conclusion. This study suggests high-level contamination of meat with resistant pathogens and highlights the public health consequences associated with consuming such unhygienic products.

ACS Style

Ishmael Festus Jaja; Chinwe-Juliana Iwu Jaja; Nnamdi Vincent Chigor; Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu; Ezealisiji Kenneth Maduabuchi; James Wabwire Oguttu; Ezekiel Green. Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolates Obtained from Meat in the Formal and Informal Sectors in South Africa. BioMed Research International 2020, 2020, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Ishmael Festus Jaja, Chinwe-Juliana Iwu Jaja, Nnamdi Vincent Chigor, Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu, Ezealisiji Kenneth Maduabuchi, James Wabwire Oguttu, Ezekiel Green. Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolates Obtained from Meat in the Formal and Informal Sectors in South Africa. BioMed Research International. 2020; 2020 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ishmael Festus Jaja; Chinwe-Juliana Iwu Jaja; Nnamdi Vincent Chigor; Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu; Ezealisiji Kenneth Maduabuchi; James Wabwire Oguttu; Ezekiel Green. 2020. "Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolates Obtained from Meat in the Formal and Informal Sectors in South Africa." BioMed Research International 2020, no. : 1-11.

Perspective
Published: 21 September 2020 in Challenges
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease pandemic that emerged in late 2019 in China, and later spread to other parts of the world, including Nigeria. This review analyzes the preparedness of Nigeria to the COVID-19 pandemic and recommends strategies that could be useful in controlling the disease. Published articles on COVID-19 worldwide, socioeconomic and disease status and preparedness to COVID-19 in Africa and Nigeria, were retrieved from databases such as Pubmed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and Google search engine. Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world, and is one of the largest crude oil producers in the world. However, its healthcare system is dilapidated and weak, due to years of neglect and widespread corruption. As a result, Nigeria is vulnerable to COVID-19, as evidenced by the current geographical distribution of the disease in its population. Many socioeconomic factors could potentially facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria. This could lead to a high caseload in the country, which could overwhelm the health care system. The application of social distancing, personal hygiene, especially hand hygiene and mask-wearing, as practiced in many countries, has proven to be effective to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In Nigeria, social distancing, in many instances, may be impracticable, given its large population, and a high density of people living in crowded conditions like slums and camps. Moreover, there is a sizeable population of internally displaced people, due to the attack by Boko Haram fighters in Northern Nigeria, and herdsmen in Southern Nigeria. The implementation of these measures is likely to be a great challenge. Nigeria has announced a complete lockdown for the containment of COVD-19, but its implementation and efficacy are doubtful, due to the same reasons previously mentioned.

ACS Style

Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu; Ishmael Jaja Festus; Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi; Ishmael Festus Jaja; James Wabwire Oguttu. A Perspective on Nigeria’s Preparedness, Response and Challenges to Mitigating the Spread of COVID-19. Challenges 2020, 11, 22 .

AMA Style

Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu, Ishmael Jaja Festus, Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi, Ishmael Festus Jaja, James Wabwire Oguttu. A Perspective on Nigeria’s Preparedness, Response and Challenges to Mitigating the Spread of COVID-19. Challenges. 2020; 11 (2):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu; Ishmael Jaja Festus; Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi; Ishmael Festus Jaja; James Wabwire Oguttu. 2020. "A Perspective on Nigeria’s Preparedness, Response and Challenges to Mitigating the Spread of COVID-19." Challenges 11, no. 2: 22.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2020 in The Lancet Global Health
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Summary Background Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

ACS Style

Kirsten E Wiens; Paulina A Lindstedt; Brigette F Blacker; Kimberly B Johnson; Mathew M Baumann; Lauren E Schaeffer; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Ayenew Negesse Abejie; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R M Abrigo; Ahmed Abualhasan; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Abdu A Adamu; Oladimeji M Adebayo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O Adetokunboh; Beyene Meressa Adhena; Mohsen Afarideh; Sohail Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Anwar E Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Noore Alam; Samiah Alam; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ali Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk; Saeed Amini; Arianna Maever L Amit; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Mina Anjomshoa; Amir Anoushiravani; Fereshteh Ansari; Carl Abelardo T Antonio; Benny Antony; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Jalal Arabloo; Hany Aref; Olatunde Aremu; Bahram Armoon; Amit Arora; Krishna K Aryal; Afsaneh Arzani; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Sachin R Atre; Marcel Ausloos; Nefsu Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem Iv; Samad Azari; Peter S Azzopardi; Ebrahim Babaee; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Alaa Badawi; Mohan Bairwa; Shankar M Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub; Aleksandra Barac; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Huda Basaleem; Sanjay Basu; Vo Dinh Bay; Mohsen Bayati; Estifanos Baye; Neeraj Bedi; Mahya Mahya Beheshti Beheshti; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Yaschilal Muche Belayneh; Michellr L Bell; Derrick A Bennett; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Robert S Bernstein; Anusha Ganapati Bhat; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Binyam Minuye Birihane Iv; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Somayeh Bohlouli; Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa Bojia I; Soufiane Boufous; Oliver J Brady; Nicola Bragazzi; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A Butt; Luis La Alberto Cámera; Ismael R Campos-Nonato; Jorge Cano; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Wagaye Fentahun Chanie; Pranab Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Tesfaye Yitna Yitna Chichiabellu; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Natalie Maria Cormier; Vera Marisa Costa; Carlos Culquichicón; Matiwos Soboka Daba; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Anh Kim Dang; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Aditya Prasad Dash; Gail Davey; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Adrian C Davis; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Fernando Pio De la Hoz; Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis; Dereje Bayissa Demissie; Getu Debalkie Demissie; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Assefa Desalew; Aniruddha Deshpande; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Preeti Dhillon; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Daniel Diaz; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Shirin Djalalinia; Kerrie E Doyle; Eleonora Dubljanin; Bereket Duko; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan; Hisham Atan Edinur; Andem Effiong; Aziz Eftekhari; Nevine el Nahas; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Teshome Bekele Elema I; Hala Rashad Elhabashy; Shaimaa I El-Jaafary; Hajer Elkout; Aisha Elsharkawy; Iqbal Rf Elyazar; Aklilu Endalamaw; Daniel Adane Endalew; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Alireza Esteghamati; Sadaf Esteghamati; Arash Etemadi; Oluchi Ezekannagha; Mohammad Fareed; Roghiyeh Faridnia; Farshad Farzadfar; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Valery L Feigin; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Richard Franklin; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M Gad; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Teshome Gebre; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Pramesh Raj Ghimire; Paramjit Singh Gill; Tiffany K Gill; Themba G G Ginindza; Nelson G M Gomes; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Alessandra C Goulart; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Ayman Grada; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Harish Chander Gugnani; Davide Guido; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Yuming Guo; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Dessalegn H Haile; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Randah R Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I Hasaballah; Mehedi Hasan; Edris Hasanpoor; Amir Hasanzadeh; Hadi Hassankhani; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Mohamed I Hegazy; Behzad Heibati; Behnam Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Nathaniel J Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos Degefa De Hidru I; Thomas R Hird; Chi Linh Hoang; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Praveen Hoogar; Mohammad Hoseini; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mowafa Househ; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Mohamme. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17. The Lancet Global Health 2020, 8, e1038 -e1060.

AMA Style

Kirsten E Wiens, Paulina A Lindstedt, Brigette F Blacker, Kimberly B Johnson, Mathew M Baumann, Lauren E Schaeffer, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R M Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Dilaram Acharya, Maryam Adabi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Beyene Meressa Adhena, Mohsen Afarideh, Sohail Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Anwar E Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Rushdia Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Arianna Maever L Amit, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Amir Anoushiravani, Fereshteh Ansari, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Aref, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem Iv, Samad Azari, Peter S Azzopardi, Ebrahim Babaee, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Alaa Badawi, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Ayele Geleto Bali, Maciej Banach, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Aleksandra Barac, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Estifanos Baye, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Mahya Beheshti Beheshti, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Yaschilal Muche Belayneh, Michellr L Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Suraj Bhattarai, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Binyam Minuye Birihane Iv, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa Bojia I, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Nicola Bragazzi, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle Britton, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Reinhard Busse, Zahid A Butt, Luis La Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Wagaye Fentahun Chanie, Pranab Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Tesfaye Yitna Yitna Chichiabellu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Carlos Culquichicón, Matiwos Soboka Daba, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Gail Davey, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Adrian C Davis, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Aniruddha Deshpande, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Bereket Duko, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Hisham Atan Edinur, Andem Effiong, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine el Nahas, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Teshome Bekele Elema I, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Iqbal Rf Elyazar, Aklilu Endalamaw, Daniel Adane Endalew, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Sadaf Esteghamati, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Mohammad Fareed, Roghiyeh Faridnia, Farshad Farzadfar, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Teshome Gebre, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Paramjit Singh Gill, Tiffany K Gill, Themba G G Ginindza, Nelson G M Gomes, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Alessandra C Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Mehedi Hasan, Edris Hasanpoor, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hadi Hassankhani, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa De Hidru I, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Praveen Hoogar, Mohammad Hoseini, Naznin Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsairi, Guoqing Hu, Mohamme. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17. The Lancet Global Health. 2020; 8 (8):e1038-e1060.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kirsten E Wiens; Paulina A Lindstedt; Brigette F Blacker; Kimberly B Johnson; Mathew M Baumann; Lauren E Schaeffer; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Ayenew Negesse Abejie; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R M Abrigo; Ahmed Abualhasan; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Abdu A Adamu; Oladimeji M Adebayo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O Adetokunboh; Beyene Meressa Adhena; Mohsen Afarideh; Sohail Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Anwar E Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Noore Alam; Samiah Alam; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ali Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk; Saeed Amini; Arianna Maever L Amit; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Mina Anjomshoa; Amir Anoushiravani; Fereshteh Ansari; Carl Abelardo T Antonio; Benny Antony; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Jalal Arabloo; Hany Aref; Olatunde Aremu; Bahram Armoon; Amit Arora; Krishna K Aryal; Afsaneh Arzani; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Sachin R Atre; Marcel Ausloos; Nefsu Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem Iv; Samad Azari; Peter S Azzopardi; Ebrahim Babaee; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Alaa Badawi; Mohan Bairwa; Shankar M Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub; Aleksandra Barac; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Huda Basaleem; Sanjay Basu; Vo Dinh Bay; Mohsen Bayati; Estifanos Baye; Neeraj Bedi; Mahya Mahya Beheshti Beheshti; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Yaschilal Muche Belayneh; Michellr L Bell; Derrick A Bennett; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Robert S Bernstein; Anusha Ganapati Bhat; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Binyam Minuye Birihane Iv; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Somayeh Bohlouli; Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa Bojia I; Soufiane Boufous; Oliver J Brady; Nicola Bragazzi; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A Butt; Luis La Alberto Cámera; Ismael R Campos-Nonato; Jorge Cano; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Wagaye Fentahun Chanie; Pranab Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Tesfaye Yitna Yitna Chichiabellu; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Natalie Maria Cormier; Vera Marisa Costa; Carlos Culquichicón; Matiwos Soboka Daba; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Anh Kim Dang; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Aditya Prasad Dash; Gail Davey; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Adrian C Davis; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Fernando Pio De la Hoz; Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis; Dereje Bayissa Demissie; Getu Debalkie Demissie; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Assefa Desalew; Aniruddha Deshpande; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Preeti Dhillon; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Daniel Diaz; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Shirin Djalalinia; Kerrie E Doyle; Eleonora Dubljanin; Bereket Duko; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan; Hisham Atan Edinur; Andem Effiong; Aziz Eftekhari; Nevine el Nahas; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Teshome Bekele Elema I; Hala Rashad Elhabashy; Shaimaa I El-Jaafary; Hajer Elkout; Aisha Elsharkawy; Iqbal Rf Elyazar; Aklilu Endalamaw; Daniel Adane Endalew; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Alireza Esteghamati; Sadaf Esteghamati; Arash Etemadi; Oluchi Ezekannagha; Mohammad Fareed; Roghiyeh Faridnia; Farshad Farzadfar; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Valery L Feigin; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Richard Franklin; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M Gad; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Teshome Gebre; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Pramesh Raj Ghimire; Paramjit Singh Gill; Tiffany K Gill; Themba G G Ginindza; Nelson G M Gomes; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Alessandra C Goulart; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Ayman Grada; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Harish Chander Gugnani; Davide Guido; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Yuming Guo; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Dessalegn H Haile; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Randah R Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I Hasaballah; Mehedi Hasan; Edris Hasanpoor; Amir Hasanzadeh; Hadi Hassankhani; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Mohamed I Hegazy; Behzad Heibati; Behnam Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Nathaniel J Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos Degefa De Hidru I; Thomas R Hird; Chi Linh Hoang; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Praveen Hoogar; Mohammad Hoseini; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mowafa Househ; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Mohamme. 2020. "Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17." The Lancet Global Health 8, no. 8: e1038-e1060.

Commentary
Published: 20 July 2020
Reads 0
Downloads 0

There is currently no approved pharmaceutical product for the treatment of COVID-19. However, antibiotics are currently being used for the management of COVID-19 patients in many settings either treat to co-infections or for the treatment of COVID-19 itself. In this commentary, we highlight that the increased rates of antimicrobial prescribing for COVID-19 patients could further worsen the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We also highlight that though AMR is a global threat, Africa tends to suffer most from the consequences. We, therefore, call on African countries not to lose sight of the possible implications of the treatment of COVID-19 on AMR and a need to redouble efforts towards the fight against AMR while dealing with the pandemic.

ACS Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Portia Jordan; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Chidozie Declan Iwu; Charles Shey Wiysonge. Treatment of COVID-19: implications for antimicrobial resistance in Africa. 2020, 35, 1 .

AMA Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Portia Jordan, Ishmael Festus Jaja, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Charles Shey Wiysonge. Treatment of COVID-19: implications for antimicrobial resistance in Africa. . 2020; 35 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Portia Jordan; Ishmael Festus Jaja; Chidozie Declan Iwu; Charles Shey Wiysonge. 2020. "Treatment of COVID-19: implications for antimicrobial resistance in Africa." 35, no. : 1.

Review
Published: 02 July 2020 in Expert Review of Vaccines
Reads 0
Downloads 0

To describe vaccine stock-outs at national, district and health facility levels in the WHO African region. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies reporting on vaccine stock-outs at national, district and health facility levels in 47 African countries. We searched both published and unpublished literature, including the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF), for eligible studies. Countries within the WHO African region continue to face the challenge of vaccine stock-outs at national, district, and health facility levels and this impacts on the delivery of immunisation services. The frequency and the proportion of stock-outs vary between countries and between regions within a country. Countries need to put more efforts towards finding lasting solutions to vaccine shortages. We look forward to having more countries reporting vaccine stock-outs especially at the health facility level. Furthermore, countries are currently exploring different approaches for improving vaccine stock management. It is expected that in half a decade from now, more well-designed studies will be available that will inform decision making

ACS Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Ntombehle Ngcobo; Anelisa Jaca; Alison Wiyeh; Elizabeth Pienaar; Usuf Chikte; Charles S. Wiysonge. A systematic review of vaccine availability at the national, district, and health facility level in the WHO African Region. Expert Review of Vaccines 2020, 19, 639 -651.

AMA Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Ntombehle Ngcobo, Anelisa Jaca, Alison Wiyeh, Elizabeth Pienaar, Usuf Chikte, Charles S. Wiysonge. A systematic review of vaccine availability at the national, district, and health facility level in the WHO African Region. Expert Review of Vaccines. 2020; 19 (7):639-651.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Ntombehle Ngcobo; Anelisa Jaca; Alison Wiyeh; Elizabeth Pienaar; Usuf Chikte; Charles S. Wiysonge. 2020. "A systematic review of vaccine availability at the national, district, and health facility level in the WHO African Region." Expert Review of Vaccines 19, no. 7: 639-651.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Veterinary World
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background and Aim: Abattoir processes from skinning, evisceration, to chilling usually lead to meat contamination by foodborne pathogens. Hence, continual microbial surveillance of slaughter carcasses by veterinary public health officials is key to preventing contamination and outbreak of meat-related foodborne diseases. This study was conducted to determine the Enterobacteriaceae count and aerobic plate count (APC) and to detect Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat and water from selected slaughter facilities. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data (n=100) collected in 2017 by the Provincial Veterinary Department of the Eastern Cape Province from abattoirs and prospective survey data of meat (n=50) collected in 2018 from abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province were utilized in this study. APC and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated from the samples. In addition, Salmonella and E. coli were isolated from samples using selective media. Results: The APC in both retrospective and prospective studies for all samples ranged between 2 and 4.50 log CFU/cm2; similar counts of 2-4.00 log CFU/cm2 were recorded for Enterobacteriaceae. No significant difference (p>0.05) for APC and Enterobacteriaceae count across all meat types was noted. Salmonella and E. coli were detected in 50% of beef. E. coli was not detected from mutton, but Salmonella was found in 66.7%. Moreover, 91.7% of the water samples had E. coli, but none had Salmonella. Conclusion: The levels of Enterobacteriaceae and APC observed in meat satisfy regulatory conditions outlined by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, South Africa and show that meat produced from these abattoirs is of acceptable microbial quality. However, the quality of water used in the abattoirs does not meet the requirements set by the government, and contributes to contamination of meat produced in the abattoirs under study. Therefore, we recommend that sources of water be continuously investigated to eliminate or reduce the risk of contamination of meat processed in the abattoirs.

ACS Style

Philisani Ncoko; Ishmael Festus Jaja; James Wabwire Oguttu. Microbiological quality of beef, mutton, and water from different abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Veterinary World 2020, 13, 1363 -1371.

AMA Style

Philisani Ncoko, Ishmael Festus Jaja, James Wabwire Oguttu. Microbiological quality of beef, mutton, and water from different abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Veterinary World. 2020; 13 (7):1363-1371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philisani Ncoko; Ishmael Festus Jaja; James Wabwire Oguttu. 2020. "Microbiological quality of beef, mutton, and water from different abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Veterinary World 13, no. 7: 1363-1371.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

| Diseases of the fore-stomach, such as poly bezoars, traumatic reticuloperitonitis and rumenitis, are not often reported but impede the digestive functions of the fore-stomach, leading to the reduction in feed absorption, loss of animal weight and productivity, and mortality. The disease pathogenesis begins with the consumption of solid waste material (SWMs). This study determined the knowledge, types and solid waste management practices by farmers using structured questionnaires. The study also investigated the prevalence of SWMs in the stomach of slaughtered cattle (n= 7113) in two abattoirs in East London (BCM) and Queenstown (EMLM). The study showed that about 99.2% of the farmers had no municipal dustbins, but perceived recycling as an important (62.6%) and very important (30.4%) method of solid waste management. Waste treatment (59.7%) and waste disposal (44.4%) were not considered as important components of solid waste management. About 48.3% of respondents knew that open land waste disposal was deleterious to the environment and livestock and 60.8% always burnt their solid waste. Farmer’s perspective in Queenstown and East London area significantly differs about waste minimization and recycling (P< 0.05) but do not differ (P> 0.05) regarding waste treatment and waste disposal. The most SWM’s found in the stomach of slaughter cattle were plastics (58.0% and 17.8%), ropes (15.9% and 29.2%) and polybezoars (22.5 and 32.8%) at EMLM and BCM, respectively. Farmers in the study area showed an appreciable level of knowledge about proper solid waste management; however, the prevalence of SWM in cattle in the study area was high.

ACS Style

Vincent V Nongcula; Ishmael F Jaja; Kenneth. Nhundu; Leocadia Zhou. Prevalence, Perception and Implication of Solid Waste in Cattle Slaughtered in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Vincent V Nongcula, Ishmael F Jaja, Kenneth. Nhundu, Leocadia Zhou. Prevalence, Perception and Implication of Solid Waste in Cattle Slaughtered in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 8 (7):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vincent V Nongcula; Ishmael F Jaja; Kenneth. Nhundu; Leocadia Zhou. 2020. "Prevalence, Perception and Implication of Solid Waste in Cattle Slaughtered in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 7: 1.