Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) are among the water quality parameters that cannot be easily removed from wastewater. Unfortunately, the excessive accumulation of nutrients in water can lead to numerous health issues for humans and the environment in general (including aquatic life). This study looked into the potential use of polymeric nanofiltration membranes to remove total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The wastewater samples were subjected to three different treatment systems determined by pore sizes (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 nm) as well as an integrated system composed of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration as the main units. The results of the study showed that pore size can significantly affect a nanofiltration system’s overall performance for removing nutrients from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The phenomenon was supported by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, which showed that the treated effluent’s concentrations of the investigated water quality parameters at different pore sizes produced p-values that were less than 0.01 (statistically significant). According to the results of the removal efficiency analysis, the combination of ammonia and a 0.8 nm pore size demonstrated the lowest removal efficiency, with a removal rate of around 54.57%. However, the combination of nitrate and a 0.4 nm pore size showed the best removal efficiency of about 90.5%. On the other hand, the integrated treatment was observed to be highly effective in the removal of the investigated parameters with a removal efficiency ranging from 97.8 to 99.71%. The study’s findings offer useful information about the potential use of nanofiltration treatment systems for wastewater from poultry slaughterhouses.

The scientific article focuses on the application of deep learning through simple U-Net, attention U-Net, residual U-Net, and residual attention U-Net models for diagnosing retinal diseases based on medical image analysis. The work includes a thorough analysis of each model's ability to detect retinal pathologies, taking into account their unique characteristics such as attention mechanisms and residual connections. The obtained experimental results confirm the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed models, emphasizing their potential as effective tools for automated diagnosis of retinal diseases based on medical images. This approach opens up new prospects for improving diagnostic procedures and increasing the efficiency of medical practice. The authors of the article propose an innovative method that can significantly facilitate the process of identifying retinal diseases, which is critical for early diagnosis and timely treatment. The results of the study support the prospect of using these models in clinical practice, highlighting their ability to accurately analyze medical images and improve the quality of eye health care.

This review article examines how research competencies function as a foundational basis for the formation of communication strategies in contemporary linguodidactic contexts. This study addresses the growing expectation for instructors and students in order to act as reflective practitioners who are able to conduct study, interpret results and adapt their communication strategies to academic and intercultural contexts. The aim of the review is to analyze and synthesize international approaches to the relationship between research competencies and the development of communication strategies in higher education. Methodologically, the study employs a narrative synthesis-based review approach. Peer-reviewed international literature from linguodidactics, education, second-language communication-strategy research, intercultural pedagogy, and studies of academic discourse. It is examined through thematic grouping, comparison of key conceptual positions, and integrative synthesis, which enables the identification of convergences, contradictions across different research traditions. This approach brings together diverse theoretical perspectives and empirical studies across different educational systems and multilingual contexts. The given review indicates that research competence is commonly described in the literature as a combination of methodological knowledge, procedural skills, and reflective attitudes. Within this framework, research competence supports communicators in identifying interactional challenges in the context of scientific communication, planning and justifying communicative choices, evaluating outcomes, and adapting their behavior to contextual conditions. Communication strategies are presented as context-dependent tools that can be developed through explicit instruction and reflective, inquiry-based practices. Within this synthesis intercultural competence is conceptualized as a complementary dimension of strategic reasoning, involving interpretive skills, attitudinal orientation, and cultural awareness, while academic communication is shown to be influenced by disciplinary conventions and digital environments that require strategic adaptation from both instructors and learners. The scientific contribution of the review lies in demonstrating that research competence functions as a higher-order regulatory capacity that supports the selection, application and evaluation of communication strategies.

The provision of safe, high-quality drinking water is becoming increasingly important due to the growing anthropogenic pressure on water resources, the deterioration of environmental conditions, and stricter requirements for the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of water. Drinking water quality is one of the key factors determining public health, ecosystem stability, and regional environmental safety. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of natural and drinking water is of considerable scientific and practical significance. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality based on physicochemical and radiological parameters using modern statistical methods. The parameters evaluated included total mineralization, acidity (pH), total hardness, and the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and other components. Experimental data were processed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression analysis. In addition, mathematical modelling was performed to determine the dependence of the integral water quality indicator on the chemical composition and mineralization level of groundwater. The results revealed statistically significant relationships among total mineralization, water hardness, and the concentrations of major ions. Total dissolved solids (TDS), as well as calcium and magnesium concentrations, were found to have the greatest influence on the integral water quality assessment. The developed regression model enables the evaluation and prediction of changes in groundwater quality depending on its chemical composition. The radiological parameters of the analysed samples were within the established regulatory limits. The findings may be applied to drinking water quality monitoring, environmental control, the improvement of water treatment technologies, and the assessment of natural and anthropogenic impacts. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential application of the developed model to support evidence-based management decisions in regional water supply and water resource management.

Background.Many introduced forage species adapt well to changing natural environments, including those from the genusAconogonon L. The species is Aconogonum (Polygonum) divaricatum L. Nakai ex T. Morihas been successfully introduced into feed production in Northern Kazakhstan, which is an important area. Purpose.To increase seed productivity and improve seed characteristics of Aconogonum d. (L.) fruits between varieties with different shapes. Methods and materials.The study material includes the fruits of Aconogonum (Polygonum) divaricatum L. Nakai ex T. Mori of two varieties: 1. triangular-shaped fruits - control, dimensions: 3 * 5, the weight of 1000 fruits is 12.2-13.8 g, the yield is 0.5 t / ha. 2. round-shaped fruits formed by the method of natural cross-pollination of the fruits of the Chaglinsky variety. Fruit dimensions: 5 * 5, the weight of 1000 fruits is 12.2-13.8 g. The fruit yield is 0.7 t / ha. Research methods: the morphological and productive properties of fruits were taken into account, such as their size, mm; weight of 1000 fruits, g; fruit yield, t/ha. Observations were made on the dynamics of fruit ripening and the identification of seed categories. The records in the experiment were carried out according to the methodological guidelines for field experiments with forage crops (Moscow: VIK, 1983). Results.Fruit ripening in the round variety occurs faster than in the triangular variety. At wax ripeness, the ratio is 45 to 28, while at full ripeness, the ratio is 72 to 43, a 1.6-fold increase. Overall, the control variety produces more fruits in its inflorescences - 276. Among the productive elements, bud formation is actively developing - 123 fruits, followed by flower formation - 50 fruits. The round variety produced fewer ripe fruits - 234 fruits and the generative process increases from bud formation (27 fruits) to fully formed fruits (58 fruits). A comparative assessment between the varieties showed that more puny fruits were formed in triangular-shaped inflorescences - 7.2% to 3% in rounded-shaped inflorescences. Conclusion.The size, weight, and number of fruits in each inflorescence have a direct effect on fruit yield. In a variety with rounded fruits with the following indicators: 5 * 5 mm; 14 g, 96.2%, the fruit yield was 0.9 t/ha, which is higher than in the control variant (respectively, 3*5 mm, 11 g, 90.7%) with the fruit yield of 0.7 t/ha. It is recommended to cultivateAconogonum divaricatum (L.) Nakai ex T. Moriwith round fruits, characterized by stable seed productivity with large-sized fruits for mass seed propagation in order to produce different types of feed.