The tennis serve is closely related to the quality of the tennis match. However, the isokinetic parameters associated with the tennis serve are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between ball velocity and isokinetic shoulder strength in tennis serve and to determine isokinetic strength parameters that can predict tennis serve velocity. A total of 13 elite male athletes (16.8 ± 1.5 years) voluntarily participated in the study. The athletes' shoulder internal-external rotation, extension-flexion and abduction-adduction strengths were measured with 5-5-15 repetitions at 60°/s, 180°/s, 240°/s angular velocities. Later, the athletes' 1st, 2nd, and average serve ball speeds were determined using a handheld radar gun. Significant correlations were found between ball speed and isokinetic tennis serve strength (r = 0.556-0.819; p < 0.05). The correlations between ball speed and isokinetic strength performance were higher at 180°/s and 240°/s angular velocities. Extension (240°/s; r = 0.819), flexion (180°/s; r = 0.755), abduction (240°/s; r = 0.733), adduction (240°/s; r = 0.684) and internal rotation (180°/s; r = 0.803) were highly correlated with ball velocity. These findings suggest that strength training to increase the ball speed of the tennis serve should be performed fast at high angular velocities and planning should focus on the strength of extension, flexion, abduction, adduction and internal rotation.

Background/Objectives: Patellofemoral syndrome is a common osteoarticular condition that affects many individuals. Various treatment options are available, with a significant emphasis on targeted muscle-strengthening exercises. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isokinetic muscle strengthening on muscle strength, joint range of motion, quality of life, physical performance, and pain tolerance in overweight/obese women with patellofemoral syndrome. Methods: Twenty-four overweight or obese women with patellofemoral syndrome participated in the study during September and October 2023 in a private medical facility for physical medicine and functional rehabilitation. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups for six weeks of isokinetic muscle strengthening. The first group (ISO.G) followed a rehabilitation program combined with isokinetic muscle strengthening. A second group (PCM.G) followed a rehabilitation program that includes an isokinetic protocol in passive compensation movement. The extensors’ peak torque was measured before and after training. Results: The flexors’ peak torque, stair climbing test, 10 m walk, chair lift, monopodal support, goniometric knee flexion test, heel–buttock distance measurement, pain, and quality of life scores improved significantly in both groups. The ISO.G, on the other hand, benefited from a significant increase in quadriceps muscle strength revealed by the extensors’ peak torque. Conclusions: For the treatment of patellofemoral syndrome, isokinetic muscle strengthening in concentric mode appears to have a significant advantage over the classic rehabilitation program with isokinetic passive compensation, particularly in muscle strength gain, in addition to the improvement of joint range of motion, quality of life, physical performance, and pain tolerance. Isokinetic training may be recommended as a beneficial approach for the rehabilitative treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome in overweight/obese women.

Taekwondo and wrestling are two different Olympic combat sports that need lower extremity strength in different ways. During the training process that lasts for many years, the harmony in the leg muscles may be dissimilar. This study aims to determine (1) the knee extension and flexion strength values of elite taekwondo and wrestling athletes with similar physical and demographic characteristics and (2) the muscle balances formed after long-term taekwondo and wrestling training. This study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 20 elite taekwondo and wrestling athletes (age: 20.4±1.27 years; experience: 10.6±1.98 years; height 176.65±5.86 cm; weight 72.96±6, 96 kg; BMI 23.35±1.47 kg/m2). Following the determination of the demographic and physical characteristics of the athletes, their isokinetic knee strengths were examined at an angular velocity of 600/s and compared between taekwondo and wrestling. Accordingly, the differences between the extension relative and average peak torque strengths of the athletes were significant in favour of the taekwondo players in the extension strength. On the other hand, the hamstring/quadriceps strength ratios of the taekwondo athletes were lower (p0.05). The study results showed that taekwondo players have higher extension strength. In the observed groups, it was determined that the muscular asymmetry occurred at different levels because of the adaptation specific to the sport type. Taekwondo trainings allows more balanced hamstring/quadriceps muscle harmony than wrestling. It is recommended to develop training programs in which the flexor muscles are trained against muscular imbalances in wrestling.

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, elit düzey taekwondo sporcularının izokinetik diz kuvveti profillerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, ''taekwondo and isokinetic and knee'' anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak, Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanları üzerinde yapıldı. İncelemeye, 11 araştırma dâhil edildi ve bu çalışmalardan 17 ve üzeri yaş grubundaki elit sporcuların diz fleksiyon-ekstansiyon verileri, cinsiyet faktörü gözetilerek analiz edildi. Elde edilen veriler, Excel (Microsoft Office 365) ile analiz edildi, ortalama ve standart sapmalar hesaplandı. Bulgular: Yapılan incelemede, taekwondocularda en sık tercih edilen açısal hızların 60˚/sn ve 180˚/sn olduğu tespit edildi. Baskın ekstansiyon performansın 60˚/sn ve 180˚/sn açısal hızlarda erkeklerde sırasıyla 235,84±5,67 ve 143,52±3,88 (Nm), kadınlarda 133,14±4,15 ve 116,53±4,54 (Nm) olduğu tespit edildi. Baskın fleksiyon performansın ise sırasıyla erkeklerde 113,42±4,46 ve 91,30±4,19 (Nm), kadınlarda 80,32±3,73 ve 70,36±4,12 (Nm) olduğu tespit edildi. Baskın olmayan ekstremitelerde sporcuların ekstansiyon zirve tork değerleri erkeklerde sırasıyla 234,70±5,33 ve 141,69±3,96 (Nm), kadınlarda 125,92±4,38 ve 115,12±4,73 (Nm) idi. Sporcuların baskın olmayan fleksiyon zirve tork değerleri ise erkeklerde sırasıyla 109,25±4,68 ve 89,04±4,68 (Nm), kadınlarda 74,29±4,06 ve 66,82±3,85 (Nm) idi. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, taekwondo sporcularının izokinetik diz kuvvetine odaklanan mevcut çalışmaların derlendiği ilk çalışmadır ve elit taekwondo sporcularının izokinetik diz kuvveti normlarının oluşabilmesi için önemli bir referanstır. Araştırma kapsamında incelenen çalışmalar ve elde edilen bulgular, taekwondonun alt ekstremiteleri bir bütün olarak çalıştırdığını ve her iki bacağa ait hamstring ve kuadriseps kaslarını dengeli biçimde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, taekwondo tekme sürati ve çabukluğu ile ilişkili fiziksel, antropometrik ve motorik özelliklerin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma, en az 1. dan/pum kemer seviyesinde, lisanslı ve aktif yarışmacı 21 elit erkek sporcunun gönüllü katılımı ile yapıldı. Sporcuların tekme performansı ile ilgili olabilecek fiziksel ve antropometrik özelliklerinin tespiti amacıyla boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, vücut kitle indeksi, bacak boyu ve uyluk çevresi ölçümleri yapıldı. Sporcuların tekme sürati ve çabukluğuna ait performansları Taekwondo Performans Protokolü (TPP) ile, motor beceri performansları sırt kuvveti, bacak kuvveti, 20 m sürat, illinois çeviklik, dikey sıçrama ve anaerobik güç testleri ile tespit edildi. Elde edilen bulgular, sporcuların tekme performansları ile antropometrik özellikleri (ICC: 441-856; p