In this study, Cu-BTC, a kind of metal–organic framework, was used as an adsorbent to selectively adsorb methylene blue (abbreviated as MB) from dye mixed wastewater. The synthesized Cu-BTC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the synthesized Cu-BTC have an octahedral structure, with its specific surface area at 45.16 m²/g and the pore sizes at 35–40 nm. The influence of various parameters including the initial solution pH, temperature, ionic strength, initial concentration, and contact time on MB adsorption by Cu-BTC was investigated in detail. The adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC toward MB was optimized at the pH value of 8, with a lower temperature and a higher ionic strength. The adsorption isotherm was found to fit well with the Langmuir model, and the kinetic curve was found to be in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption mechanism was revealed to be the combined effects of hydrophobicity and electrostatic adsorption. The synthesized Cu-BTC adsorption material showed great potential for recovering MB from dye-mixed wastewater.

As emerging pollutants, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have received extensive attention due to their high detection frequency (with concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L) and potential risk to aqueous environments and human health. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective techniques for the removal of PPCPs from water environments. In AOPs, different types of free radicals (HO·, SO₄·⁻, O₂·⁻, etc.) are generated to decompose PPCPs into non-toxic and small-molecule compounds, finally leading to the decomposition of PPCPs. This review systematically summarizes the features of various AOPs and the removal of PPCPs by different free radicals. The operation conditions and comprehensive performance of different types of free radicals are summarized, and the reaction mechanisms are further revealed. This review will provide a quick understanding of AOPs for later researchers.

During an at-speed scan-based test, excessive capture power may cause significant current demand, resulting in the IR-drop problem and unnecessary yield loss. Many methods address this problem by reducing the switching activities of power-risky patterns. These methods may not be efficient when the number of power-risky patterns is large or when some of the patterns require extremely high power. In this paper, we propose discarding all power-risky patterns and starting with power-safe patterns only. Our test generation procedure includes two processes, namely, test pattern refinement and low-power test pattern regeneration. The first process is used to refine the power-safe patterns to detect faults originally detected only by power-risky patterns. If some faults are still undetected after this process, the second process is applied to generate new power-safe patterns to detect these faults. The patterns obtained using the proposed procedure are guaranteed to be power-safe for the given power constraints. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method that refines only the power-safe patterns to address the capture power problem. Experimental results on ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 benchmark circuits show that an average of 75% of faults originally detected only by power-risky patterns can be detected by refining power-safe patterns and that most of the remaining faults can be detected by the low-power test generation process. Furthermore, the required test data volume can be reduced by 12.76% on average with little or no fault coverage loss.