In this study, Zn3AlCl ionic clay was used to investigate the adsorption mechanism of the nitrate ions in solutions containing nitrate ions at different contact time. The clay was synthesized by coprecipitation method at room temperature, and this sample was characterized by XRD, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). This sample was crystallized in a rhombohedral symmetry (Space group: R-3 m). Impedance spectroscopy was used as a tool to evaluate and monitor the adsorption process at different contact time 5; 10; 20; 30; 60 min and the clay alone. The impedance measurement was well analyzed and fitted with an equivalent circuit containing both (R//CPE) connected in series. Furthermore, the σac conductivity was also investigated as a function of frequency. It was analyzed and fitted using double power law: [Formula: see text] This study reveals the existence of two relaxation processes with different relaxation times, which could be attributed to the grain and grain boundaries, and exhibit high values of dielectric constant at low frequencies.

This chapter analyzes the experimental data using impedance spectroscopy to reduce water pollution by nitrate ions. The adsorption is through a synthesized layered double hydroxide (Zn3-Al-Cl-LDH). The kinetic study data analysis by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models is highly correlated they were found to fit very well the pseudo-second-order. This is confirmed by fast kinetic modeling of experimental data according to the pseudo-second-order. Furthermore, the Nyquist plots suggest that the grains and grain boundaries have contributed to the conduction mechanism of the material at different adsorption times and monitoring of the adsorption phenomenon. The investigation by impedance spectroscopy was used for modeling by an equivalent circuit. The real and imaginary functions of impedance complex are analyzed by modifying Cole-Cole relaxation. Revel most changes in the structure of the manifestation of the grains and the grains boundaries. The alternative current (AC) conductivity was investigated using the double power law of Jonscher. More importantly, the calculated value and the percentage of efficiency are evaluated in the adsorption. The water molecules and nitrate ions in the adsorbed were favored for the generation of the electrical response. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data are often interpreted by using electrical equivalent circuits.