Aircraft trajectory is one of the most fundamental objects in air traffic management. Its optimization is essential to ensure efficient and sustainable aviation. This survey proposes to study all the phases of a flight, from its prediction several days before day of flight to the landing of the aircraft, including also the study of a possible emergency situation. Each phase of flight raises different issues and is subject to particular constraints. These guide the choice of potentially usable optimization methods. This study proposes, from the context, the issues, and existing studies, a methodology to identify the most appropriate solution algorithms for optimizing each phase of flight. This methodology is based on 5 evaluation criteria: optimality, computing time, adaptability, memory usage, and multi-trajectories. Finally, thanks to it, some methods are compared based on their consistency with solving problem associated to each phase of flight.

Aviation is one of the global warming contributors. Its impact is due to CO${}_2$ and non-CO${}_2$ effects. Trajectory design is one of action levers for minimizing the environmental impact of air transportation. However, it affects the Air Traffic Management and should satisfy airspace constraints, especially airspace capacities. This paper proposes a climate-aware version of the Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM), focusing on CO${}_2$ and one particular non-CO${}_2$ effect: condensation trails (contrails), although other non-CO${}_2$ effects can be integrated. A deterministic ATFM optimization model is proposed, solved by a column generation approach. This problem is solved using different metrics, from simple to more complex and realistic ones. Numerical experiments are conducted both in the lateral case and when the cruise altitude becomes a decision variable. The impact of airspace capacities is also evaluated. The problem instances that are studied are built from realistic open-access data and made publicly available.

- Mesure et suivi de l'évolution de l'impact environnemental associé aux traînées de condensation - Proposition de flux aériens dynamiques (réseau de routes aériennes) minimisant l'impact environnemental prenant en compte les contraintes opérationnelles - Mesure du rapport coûts / bénéfices pour des mesures prises contre les traînées de condensation sur le plan économique - Mesure des trade-offs associés à de telles mesures contre les traînées de condensation : influence sur les émissions de CO2, NOx...