In this paper, the effect of an organic fertilizer, namely, “vermicompost tea” (VCT), on the germination of seeds of the rare wild species Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et & G.G. Bosse was studied. S. tau-saghyz is an alternative rubber plant to Hevea brasiliensis, and it was widely distributed and grew well in the northwestern spur of the Tien Shan in the pre-war years (1931–1943). In recent decades, the number of wild species of S. tau-saghyz in natural populations has declined sharply due to climate change and the impact of anthropogenic factors. In this context, it has become necessary to restore the number of wild species. One of the critical phases in the restoration of surviving S. tau-saghyz populations and domestication is seed germination. The approaches that have been explored to increase seed germination, such as stratification and seed dressing with ethyl mercuric chloride, have not yielded good results. The current study covered 4 and 8 h short-term seed treatments with 1, 5 and 10% VCT. The priming of S. tau-saghyz seeds with 10% VCT was found to significantly increase germination from 39.0 (in the control) to 76.7% and to improve seedling vigor, mean germination time, and seedling weight. The combination of soaking the seeds in 10% VCT for 8 h and cultivating the seedlings in soil with 20% vermicompost further improved both germination and seedling growth. The vermicompost incorporation lengthened the main root, which normally accumulates rubber, and it increased its crude biomass by 1.6 times compared to that of the control.

This article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of using digital educational resources for the development of cognitive independence of future teachers. The research involved students who actively used digital resources to study academic subjects, and the results were analyzed. The main objective of the study was to determine the extent to which the use of digital educational resources in the learning process contributes to the development of students’ cognitive independence. The analysis of the research results showed that the use of digital educational resources indeed contributes to the development of students’ cognitive independence. Moreover, it was noted that digital educational resources have several advantages that make them particularly useful for learning. In particular, they are accessible to most students, which makes them convenient to use anytime and anywhere. In addition, they are characterized by interactivity and the possibility of individual customization of learning according to the student’s level of knowledge and specific needs. We conducted a study based on certain methods for assessing the level of independence ("Methodology for determining the strength of cognitive need" by V.S.Yurkevich, "Methodology for determining cognitive activity" by L. A. Chervyakova, Yu.V. Boyko) and comparing the results between a group of students using digital educational resources and a control group that studies without using them. A survey was conducted to identify students' attitudes towards digital educational resources and their own assessment of the level of independence in educational activities. The article also discusses the possibilities of using digital educational resources in the learning process and provides recommendations for their application. The use of digital educational resources makes it possible to improve the quality of learning and the development of cognitive independence of future teachers. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating digital educational resources into education and offers specific recommendations for their effective implementation. Based on the results of the experimental work, it should be noted that when preparing a future teacher at a university in order to form and develop cognitive independence, it is necessary that the student has the opportunity to be involved in innovative activities for the development of new digital technologies.

The integration of STEM education into biotechnology is essential for developing research competence, interdisciplinary thinking, and practical problem-solving skills in future biology teachers. However, the implementation of interdisciplinary STEM models supported by experimental research and artificial intelligence remains limited in biotechnology education. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an interdisciplinary STEM project integrating biotechnology, ecology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and artificial intelligence within biology teacher education. A mixed-methods approach combining laboratory experimentation, project-based learning, questionnaires, interviews, and statistical analysis was employed. The STEM project was based on investigating the effects of copper, zinc, and cadmium on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris, while students applied artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Claude AI, Python, and OneCompiler, for data processing, visualization, and scientific interpretation. Educational outcomes showed that 83.3% of participants reported mastering the stages of experimental planning, data collection, and data analysis, while 91.7% reported increased interest in biotechnology after completing the project. Participants also reported improved research competence, interdisciplinary understanding, and confidence in applying scientific methods to environmental problems.The scientific novelty of this study lies in the development of an interdisciplinary STEM model that integrates experimental biotechnology, project-based learning, and artificial intelligence into a unified educational framework. The proposed model contributes to strengthening research-oriented biotechnology education and provides a practical approach for preparing future biology teachers capable of addressing interdisciplinary scientific challenges.

This study investigated changes in the antioxidant system of Phaseolus vulgaris plants grown in a medium contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Zn) and Pseudomonas spp., with the aim of evaluating the bioremediation effect of the bacterial consortium. The results showed that in the control group, antioxidant activity was 25% in the roots, 24% in the leaves, and 27% in the stems. Upon exposure to copper (Cu 0.01), these values increased significantly to 59%, 56%, and 57%, respectively, indicating activation of the antioxidant system in response to severe oxidative stress. When the copper concentration was reduced (Cu 0.001), antioxidant activity decreased to 14% in roots, 11% in leaves, and 18% in stems. In the case of cadmium (Cd 0.01), the values were 19%, 15%, and 18%, whereas in the Cd 0.001 treatment, an increase to 25% in leaves and 31% in stems was observed. Antioxidant activity decreased under zinc (Zn 0.01) exposure and amounted to 11% in roots, 4% in leaves, and 14% in stems, while the lowest values were recorded at Zn 0.001 (3%; 1.73%; 8%). The use of the Pseudomonas spp. consortium increased plant resistance to heavy metals and contributed to the stabilization of the antioxidant system. Overall, the results demonstrate that these bacteria can be used as an effective bioremediation agent by biosorbing heavy metal ions and reducing oxidative stress in plants.

For many diseases, medicinal plants have been used in treatment since ancient times. The relevance of research on medicinal plants is growing day by day. This is due to the fact that the effect of medicinal plants is higher and the effect of chemical drugs is stronger. Currently, there are numerious studies on the effects of medicinal plants and it is proven that they act more sparingly than chemical drugs. In this regard, genetic taxonomic determination will be more effective than morphological identification of medicinal plants. Thanks to the bioinformatics, it is increasingly possible to identify genes isolated from plants, align them with genes in a database, and perform phylogenetic analysis. In our work, DNA was isolated from the leaves of Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb., and the rbcL gene was sequenced, then a phylogenetic analysis was carried out to determine the relationship with Aegopodium L., as well as with representatives of the Umbelliferae family. The study showed that the plant Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. according to the sequences of the rbcL gene, it is closer to the genus Aegopodium L, in contrast to other representatives of the Apiaceae family. However, between them were not found strong similarities. При многих заболеваниях лекарственные растения используются в лечении с древних времен. Актуальность исследований лекарственных растений растет день ото дня. Это связано с тем, что эффект лекарственных растений выше и действует шадяще химические препараты. В данное время имеются очень много исследований эффекты лекарственных растений и доказываются что они действует щадящее чем химические препараты. В этой связи генетическое таксономическое определение будет более эффективным, чем морфологическая идентификация лекарственных растений. Благодаря науке биоинформатики растет возможности идентифицировать ген, выделенные из растений, выравнивая с генами в базе данных и проводить филогенетический анализ. В нашей работе была выделена ДНК из листьев Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb., провели секвенирование гена rbcL, и провели филогенетический анализ с целью определения родства с Aegopodium L., а также с представителями семейства зонтичных. Исследование показало, что растение Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. по последовательностям гена rbcL ближе к роду Aegopodium L в отличие от других представителей семейства зонтичных. Однако между ними не наблюдалось очень сильного сходства. Көптеген ауруларде емдеуде дәрілік өсімдіктерді ерте кезден бастап қолданылып келеді. Дәрілік өсімдіктерді зерттеудің өзектілігі күннен-күнге артып отыр. Себебі, химияық препараттарға қарағанда дәрілік өсімдіктердің жағымды әсері өте көп зерттеліп, дәлелденіп келеді. Осыған орай, дәрілік өсімдіктерді морфологиялық тұрғыда идентификациялауға қарағанда, генетикалық жағынан таксономиялық анықтау тиімді болмақ. Биоинформатика ғылымының арқасында өсімдіктерден бөліп алған генді дерекқордағы гендермен сәйкестендіріп, филогенетикалық талдау жасау мүмкіндігі артуда. Біздің жұмысымызда преспективті Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. дәрілік өсімдігінің жапырағынан бөліп алынған rbcL генінің секвенсі жасалып, дерекқордағы Aegopodium L. туысына жататын өсімдік түрлерімен және сондай-ақ шатыргүлділер тұқымдасының өкілдерімен туыстық қатынасын анықтау мақсатында филогенетикалық талдау жүргізілді. Зерттеу нәтижесінде Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. өсімдігі rbcL генінің бірізділіктері бойынша шатыргүлділер тұқымдасының басқа өкілдеріне қарағанда Aegopodium L. туысына жақын екені анықталды. дегенмен, олардың өзара ішінде өте қатты ұқсастықтары байқалмады.