Due to the increased public awareness in ensuring a sustainable and long-lasting world, both academic and industrial researchers are trying to use eco-friendly and biodegradable materials in every sphere of life. Petroleum-based synthetic materials are nonrenewable, hazardous, and costly. In contrast, natural fibers are mainly derived from plant-based sources, which are recyclable, renewable, sustainable, abundantly available, and cheap. Hence, the use of natural fibers in the fabrication of composite materials is increasing dramatically. These are used as a reinforcement with the polymer matrix to fabricate the composites. Although a massive amount of research works has been performed to develop green composites, until now the composite fabrication process is facing some terrific problems such as the lower adhesion tendency of the composites, due to the presence of the hydrophilic natural fibers and hydrophobic polymer matrix. Researchers are trying to find out the optimum combination of the composites that can be able to exhibit excellent mechanical properties for the application areas where greater strength is a must. This review is focusing on the composite materials fabricated from the bast fibers, a branch of the natural fibers, with various thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, and their potential application areas.

Technological advancement leads researchers to develop multifunctional materials. Considering such trends, this study aimed to conjugate dual functionality in a single material to satisfy aesthetic and functional necessities. We investigated the potentiality of polysorbate 20 to perform as an effective ultraviolet absorber to develop UV-protective fabric. Coumarin derivative (Benzoxazolyl type) disperse dyes are well-known as fluorescent colors. On the other hand, luminescence materials are conspicuous and viable for fashion trends. Deliberate utilization of this inherent property of the dye and incorporation of polysorbate fulfilled the need for dual functionality. In addition, the knitted fabric structure enhanced wearing comfort as well. The effect of polysorbate consolidated the PET fabric as an excellent UV absorber, exhibiting an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 53.71 and a blocking percentage of more than 95% for both UVA and UVB. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated mode was used to investigate chemical modification. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigated the crystallography of the surface. Reflectance spectrophotometric analysis unveiled the color strength (K/S) of the dyed polyester fabrics. Finally, light fastness assessment revealed that the developed samples could resist a certain amount of photo fading under a controlled testing environment with the increment of ratings towards betterment.

Phenolic yellowing is a complex physicochemical phenomenon of cotton, especially for white and pastel-colored fabrics. This study tried to analyze the effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on this. Three types of neutralizers of different chemical characteristics (acetic acid, citric acid, and commercial complex acid) were used to achieve core neutralization whereas two unlike ionic nature of silicone softeners (cationic & non-ionic) for the finishing process used. The acetic acid and nonionic softener treated fabric gives the maximum CIE (International Commission on Illumination) whiteness index value of 151 while citric acid and cationic softener have the least rating of 140.93 with a similar chemical dosage of 1.5 g/l by immediate testing. However, after repeated testing for one-month conditioning in atmospheric conditions, complex acid, and nonionic softener treated samples exhibited the maximum whiteness index of 145.86; on the other hand, citric acid and cationic softener treated one had the least rating of 125.85. Moreover, fabric core p^H, reading was found to be 6.68, 6.15 & 5.13 for acetic acid, citric acid, and complex acid through immediate testing. After one month of conditioning, the values were 7.2, 6.61, and 5.25, respectively. Finally, a maximum phenolic yellowing rating of 4–5 was found with complex acid & nonionic softener in contrast poor rating of 2 with acetic acid & cationic softener for immediate testing. Storage of the samples has a significant impact on phenolic yellowing for all types of chemical concentrations. Lightfastness rating was found identical for all samples while bursting strength had a very negligible impact, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy also revealed the presence of noticeable chemical functional groups.

Application of one‐dimensional nanofibers have witnessed exponential growth over the past few decades and are still emerging with their excellent physicochemical and electrical properties. The driving force behind this intriguing transition lies in their unique high surface‐to‐volume ratio, ubiquitous nanodomains, improved tensile strength, and flexibility to incorporate deliberate functionalities required for specific and advanced applications. Besides numerous benefits, nanomaterials may adversely interact with biological tissues and potentially be cytotoxic and carcinogenic. However, precisely engineered design can outperform the risk with myriad benefits. Wound care technologies are evolving, and products involved in wound care management have a yearly market value of $15–22 billion. Solution blow spinning (SBS) is a facile technique to synthesize biocompatible nanofibers with scalable processing variables for multidirectional biomedical applications. SBS is feasible for a wide range of thermoplastic polymers and nanomaterials to fabricate nanocomposites. This review will focus on the relevance of SBS technology for wound care, including dressings, drug delivery, tissue engineering scaffolds, and sensors.

Herein, we have comprehensively investigated the properties of solution blow‐spun nonwoven nanofiber mats. Three nonidentical polylactic acid (PLA) concentrations in conjunction with two different solution flow rates and gas pressures were set as experimental parameters. Rheological data showed that entanglement concentration (C _e ) is 8% (w/v) with a dynamic viscosity of 102.4 mPa.s, while overlap concentration (C ^* ) is 4.6% (w/v). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to investigate nanofiber diameter and its distribution. The 10% (w/v) PLA/chloroform concentration and 40 mL/h polymer flow rate with 40 psi gas pressure synthesized 259.8 ± 161.2 nm fibers, which showed better statistical distribution and mechanical characteristics (Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at break). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to analyze thermal stability, glass transition temperature (T _g ), melting point temperature (T _m ), crystallization temperature (T _c ), and degree of crystallinity (χ _c ). Bulk PLA depicts higher T _c and χ _c compared to the mats. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed additional peaks from the fabricated nanofiber mats, which were justified further with nuclear magnetic resonance ( ¹ H NMR) shifts. 3D surface topography was analyzed with a confocal laser microscope. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD were performed for statistical significance analysis ( p < 0.05).