Introduction: Violence against adolescents is prevalent in the world, yet this issue is neglected especially in developing countries. Bullying among adolescents negatively affects the victims in relation to emotional, physical, social and overall health status. This study was conducted to understand bullying and its associated factors in school-going adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). As many as 9969 adolescents in schools were selected by probability proportional to size method and systematic sampling. Variables analyzed on this study were age, sex, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, close friends and feeling of loneliness. The research instrument used the GSHS 2015 questionnaire. Chi-square (χ ² ) analysis and multiple logistic regression tests were conducted to determine the significance of each variable. Results: A total of 19.9% of adolescents in Indonesian schools were victims of being bullied. Being bullied was associated with ≤14 years old [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.45], being male (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.28–1.59), being a smoker (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.23–1.73), consuming alcohol (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.64–2.62), having no close friends (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 0.95–1.70) and feeling lonely (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 2.05–2.55). Conclusion: Indonesian in-school adolescents report a relatively high prevalence of having been bullied. Being bullied is related to various factors depending on personal and environmental factors. School communities and health professionals’ attention to adolescents should be sensitized and this issue discussed, developing strategies and minimizing the negative effect on the adolescents. Policy makers need to consider developing a social platform among adolescents to facilitate students’ interaction.

Background: The incidence of adolescents bullying in Indonesia has increased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation of demographic characteristics, parental interactions and parenting style as the potential determinants of bullying behavior in adolescents. Method: The research design used was cross-sectional. The study population consisted of adolescents in Indonesia who accessed the Google form, and adolescents who study at a junior high school and a vocational high school in Surabaya. The study sample totaled 705 adolescents based on consecutive sampling with a study period of 3 months. The independent variables were demographic characteristics, parental interactions and parenting style, while the dependent variable was bullying behavior. The data collection method used was a questionnaire filled in by the adolescents through a Google form and a questionnaire sheet. The statistical analysis used the chi-square test for the adolescent’s characteristics and Spearman’s rank correlation with α = 0.05. Results: The results showed that the characteristics of the adolescents, namely age and place of residence, were related to bullying behavior. A permissive and authoritarian parenting style had a positive correlation with being a bullying perpetrator, while only permissive parenting style had a positive correlation with being a bullying victim. Conclusion: Adolescents experience bullying behavior as both the perpetrators and victims. Adolescents living in rural areas are more likely to commit bullying as the perpetrators. A parenting style that is either too rigid or too free has a high risk of being a bullying behavior factor as the perpetrator. Parents are expected to apply an authoritative parenting style in order to prevent the risk of bullying in adolescents.

Aim: To analyze the effect of a parenting empowerment module, with the aim of reducing the stress experienced by the mothers of children suffering from leukemia. Design: The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 mothers of leukemic children hospitalized in a pediatric oncology ward who met the inclusion criteria. The independent variable was the Family Centered Empowerment Module (FACE), which includes instruction on meeting nutritional needs, preventing infection, and preventing bleeding. The dependent variable was the stress experienced by mothers due to the hospitalization of their children. The instrument used for measuring stress of hospitalization was the DASS-21 questionnaire. The statistical tests used were Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, and the Mann Whitney U Test (significance level α = 0.05). Results: There was a decrease in levels of stress in the intervention group (p = 0.001). In the control group there were differences in levels of stress both before and after treatment (p = 0.042). The results of the Mann Whitney U test indicated p = 0.017. Conclusion: Cognitive empowerment can improve the understanding of parents caring for leukemic children, and reduces the levels of stress associated with child hospitalization. Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute stress disorder, empowerment, module, parents

Background: Mid-adolescents dominate the number of gadget users in Indonesia. The use of gadgets to a high intensity can cause various problems such as poor sleep quality and decreased social interaction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the intensity of the use of gadgets and the quality of sleep and social interaction in adolescents. Method: The research design used was a correlational research study with a cross-sectional approach. Through the calculation of the sample, the respondents were 250 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria, namely (1) adolescents aged 15–18 years and (2) teens who owned and used gadgets. The sampling method used simple random sampling by conducting a lottery system in each class. The independent variable was the intensity of using the gadget, while the dependent variable was the quality of sleep and social interaction. Data collection focused on the intensity of gadget use using questionnaires and it was analyzed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). The data was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation with α = 0.05. Results: The results showed that the intensity of gadget use was positively related to poor sleep quality in adolescents (p = <0.001; r = 0.555). The intensity of the use of gadgets was also related to social interaction with a negative direction. The higher the intensity of the use of gadgets, the lower the social interaction in adolescents (p = 0.001; r = –293). Conclusion: The use of gadgets in the mid-adolescent years is related to sleep disorders as regards the latency and duration of sleep. Adolescents are more likely to engage in social interaction and communication through gadgets than face to face.