As a result of the sol-gel method, we were able to produce pure ZnO and ZnO-doped TiO₂ nanocomposites. The hexagonal wurtzite phase in ZnO products was discovered by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). ZnO products are typically hexagonal wurtzite crystallites, formed according to the Debye Scherrer formula. Nanocomposites with significant morphological changes were created using the sol-gel process, including those that resembled rocks. To determine the composition of Zn, O, and Ti atoms in the samples, a multidimensional X-ray analysis was performed. There is an energy gap between 3.61 eV, as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. In this study, pure ZnO and ZnO-doped TiO₂ nanocomposites were used to study the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. Over an irradiation course of 6 h, a ZnO-doped TiO₂ composite (84%) were studied. As determined by the kinetic analysis, nanocomposites made from pure ZnO and ZnO-doped TiO₂ followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. In the presence of ZnO-doped TiO₂ nanocomposites, antibacterial activity was significantly improved. This was shown to be effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and B. sublittus). There is evidence that the metal oxide nanocomposites that are produced can be used as an appropriate antimicrobial and disinfection alternative, particularly in biomedical settings, as reported in more detail.