This study proposes a low-temperature transient liquid phase bonding (TLPB) method using Sn58Bi/porous Cu/Sn58Bi to enable efficient power-device packaging at high temperatures. The bonding mechanism is attributed to the rapid reaction between porous Cu and Sn58Bi solder, leading to the formation of intermetallic compounds with high melting point at low temperatures. The present paper investigates the effects of bonding atmosphere, bonding time, and external pressure on the shear strength of metal joints. Under formic acid (FA) atmosphere, Cu₆Sn₅ forms at the porous Cu foil/Sn58Bi interface, and some of it transforms into Cu₃Sn. External pressure significantly reduces the micropores and thickness of the joint interconnection layer, resulting in a ductile fracture failure mode. The metal joint obtained under a pressure of 10 MPa at 250 °C for 5 min exhibits outstanding bonding mechanical performance with a shear strength of 62.2 MPa.

We evaluated the selective metal capping layer in a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensor using electroless-deposited CoWP and NiWP films. We investigated the correlation integration issues and the selectivity of the capping layer formed by the electroless plating process. M1M2-R (M1 = Co, Ni, M2 = W, Mo, R = P, B) was selectively deposited on Cu wiring through electroless plating after chemical mechanical polishing via the Cu damascene method. The PdCl₂/HCl-based electroless-deposited CoWP exhibited very good deposition characteristics without residue compared to a non-chloride Pd-activated CoWP film.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to play an important role in managing global warming in the near future. Herein, we define the entire energy cycle from energy production to utilization considering energy-environment technologies and describe the technical classification and brief technical principles of CCS technology. In addition, we evaluate data from actual scenarios and costs of various indicators established from diverse reports published by reliable institutes on various energy-environment technologies. Finally, the economic feasibility of CCS is determined compared with that of fossil fuel power plants and renewable energy generation in terms of carbon credit for global trading. This techno-economic analysis and systematic review lays the groundwork for comprehensive research toward understanding energy-environment technologies by establishing scenarios in terms of cost and data analysis that can provide an objective approach.