On 30 September 2009, a 7.6 magnitude earthquake severely hit the coast of Padang city in West Sumatra, Indonesia leaving about 1,117 people dead and injuring another 3,515. Health consequences such as physical injury, co-morbidity, disability and quality of life over time are seldom reported among survivors after earthquakes. To investigate the associations between injury, disability and quality of life amongst adult survivors in Padang city after the 2009 earthquake. A prospective cohort study was conducted to compare adult injured (184) and adult non-injured (93) subjects over a 6-month period. Data on physical injury, co-morbidities, disability and quality of life were collected through interviews and measured quantitatively in three phases, i.e. at baseline, end of 3 and 6 months. Disability scores were consistently and significantly higher among injured subjects compared to non-injured, even when adjusted for co-morbidities (i.e. acute symptoms and chronic diseases). The highest disability score amongst injured subjects was attributed to 'feeling discomfort/pain'. Quality of life attribute (QLA) scores, were significantly lower amongst injured people as compared to those non-injured even when adjusted for co-morbidities. The lowest QLA item score amongst the injured was 'pain, depression and anxiety'. Significant and consistent negative correlations were found between disability and QLA scores in both the injured and non-injured groups. Physical injury is significantly correlated with both higher disability and lower quality of life, while disability has significant negative correlation with quality of life. The findings suggest that, through disability, injury may contribute to decreased quality of life. It is therefore recommended to promptly and adequately treat injuries after disasters to prevent any potential for disability and hence restore quality of life.

Background: sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an excessive host immunological response to infection. The incidence of sepsis is increasing every year, and sepsis is the primary cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). DIC is a coagulopathy syndrome that causes microvascular and macrovascular thrombosis and increases the risk of bleeding due to consumptive coagulopathy. The pathophysiology of DIC in sepsis is complex, and further research is required to investigate the involved mechanisms and risk factors. Method: this study is a prognostic analysis of a retrospective cohort. Samples were patients diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from January 2016 to October 2022. Research subjects were followed until occurrence of DIC during sepsis or recovery from sepsis. The research subjects were selected from medical records using a consecutive total sampling approach. The inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years old and diagnosed with sepsis according to qSOFA criteria with a score of 2. The exclusion criterion was an incomplete medical record. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine which independent variables contributed to the incidence of DIC and obtain the odds ratios (ORs). p < 0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results: a total of 248 patients were included after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 50 (20.2%) septic patients developed DIC. In the multivariate analysis, albumin ≤2.5 g/dL (OR: 2.363; 95% CI: 1.201–4.649), respiratory infection (OR: 2.414; 95% CI: 1.046–5.571), and antibiotic treatment ≥1 h (OR: 2.181; 95% CI: 1.014–4.689) were associated with DIC development. On the basis of the ROC curve, the area under the curve (AUC) was determined to be 0.705 with 95% CI = (0.631–0.778). Conclusion: in our study, the prevalence of DIC in septic patients was 20.2%. Low albumin, respiratory infection, and antibiotic treatment ≥1 h were found to be risk factors for development of DIC in septic patients.

Kurangnya kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan menjadi faktor risiko munculnya jenis HIV yang resisten terhadap obat, yang dapat ditularkan kepada orang lain. Kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan yang buruk tidak hanya membahayakan kesehatan individu tetapi juga meningkatkan penularan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya ketidakpatuhan minum obat ARV pada ODHIV yang mendapatkan terapi ARV di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Balaraja. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di poli HIV Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Balaraja Kabupaten Tangerang dan waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2023 menggunakan data sekunder. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 382 ODHIV yang aktif menjalani pengobatan antiretroviral di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Balaraja dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi sehingga sampel penelitian berjumlah 198 ODHIV. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi STATA. Hasil analisis kai kuadrat secara statistik ada hubungan antara stadium klinis HIV (P-value=0,036), lamanya terapi (P-value=0,020), dan riwayat infeksi oportunistik TB (P-value=0,029) dengan ketidakpatuhan minum obat ARV. Hasil analisis Cox Regression dengan faktor yang secara statistik berhubungan terhadap kepatuhan minum obat antiretroviral pada ODHIV adalah lamanya terapi (P-value=0,045) dengan nilai PR 1,45 dengan 95% CI (1,01-2,08), yang artinya lamanya minum obat ARV >5 tahun memiliki resiko 1,45 kali lebih besar tidak patuhnya minum obat ARV. Faktor lamanya terapi ARV memiliki pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan minum obat antiretroviral (ARV) pada ODHIV di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Balaraja.

Backgrounds Tuberculosis was one of the 10 caused of death in the world. Tuberculosis was caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which was transmitted through droplets. One risk factor for tuberculosis was diabetes mellitus. The risk of death due to tuberculosis in people who had diabetes would be higher than whom did not have tuberculosis. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis. Method This study used a cross sectional study design. The data analyzed were 34, 257 people who participated in the Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 in 2013–2014. Prevalence Odds Ratio crude, Prevalence of adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI were calculated using the chi-square and the multivariate binary logistic. Result The prevalence of tuberculosis in this study was 6.6%. From the chi-square results there was a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis with POR 3.88 (2.49–6.05). Multivariate binary logistic result was a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis with POR 4.93 (3.01–8.1) after being adjusted by confounder variables. Conclusions There was a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis.

Background Indonesia is a third rank in TB cases worldwide. TB is a disease caused by multifactors where the environment interacts with host-related factors. So, the study was conducted to identify the multifactors and to get the main risk factor of pulmonary TB AFB positive in Indonesia. Method A cross-sectional study, Subjects were the age group ≥15 years who were followed by the interview and had complete data. Pvalue <0, 025 was considered statistically significant and included to final model by screening the factors which able to predict the prevalence of pulmonary TB. Results The prevalence of pulmonary TB AFB positive was 1.72%. Chi square test showed statistically significant association against pulmonary TB were gender OR=1.42(1.26–1.60), Diabetes Mellitus history OR=3(2.35–3.82), Contact with active TB patients OR=3.49(2.90–4.20). Multivariate analysis showed, Active smoker, gender, age category, contact with active TB patients, and diabetes mellitus history had role against pulomonary TB AFB positive in Indonesia. The main risk factor was active smoker OR=3.71. Conclusion Age, gender, diabetes mellitus, active smoker, and contact with active TB patients were significantly risk factors to predict pulmonary TB. Active smoker had 3.71 greater risk of having pulmonary TB compared with non pulmonary TB.

HIV prevalence in adult general population in Tanah Papua, has exceeded 1%. Unlike in other regions of the country, that status of the HIV epidemic has entered an early phase of generalized epidemic. The aim of this cross-sectional study as part of National IBBS in Tanah Papua in 2013 was to determine the most important risk factors associated with HIV infection among general population in Tanah Papua in year 2013. The respondents were 5, 334 people aged 15–49 years old who were willing to blood rapid test to determine the HIV status and successfully interviewed. The result showed the HIV prevalence in general population in Tanah Papua was 2.3% (95%CI: 1.5%-3.4%). There were four determinants significantly associated with HIV infection among the general population: topography, ethnicity, access to VCT services, and cost of VCT services. Particularly for males: topography, ethnicity, status of polygamy, circumcision, access to VCT services were also significantly associated with HIV infection.