Nanoparticles have the potential to contribute to new modalities in molecular imaging and sensing as well as in therapeutic interventions. In this Nano Focus article, we identify some of the current challenges and knowledge gaps that need to be confronted to accelerate the developments of various applications. Using specific examples, we journey from the characterization of these complex hybrid nanomaterials; continue with surface design and (bio)physicochemical properties, their fate in biological media and cells, and their potential for cancer treatment; and finally reflect on the role of animal models to predict their behavior in humans.

Gold nanoparticles delivery in mammalian live cells: a critical review

The mechanical properties of Fmoc-diphenylalanine hydrogels are principally determined by the pH of the gels. Additional variability comes from the solvent and buffer choice.