In present paper, the mineral and fluid compositions of shale oil from the Songliao Basin are analyzed systematically using core samples, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and gas chromatography (GC). The effects of shale mineral composition, pore size, temperature, and pressure on the mass density of the adsorbed layers are then studied utilizing molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that illite and quartz are predominant in the micro petrological components of the shale, and nC19 is the main carbon peak. The fluid consists primarily of n-alkane molecules, and nC19 is found to be representative of the shale oil composition. Moreover, the adsorbing effect of quartz-illite mixed wall is between that of a pure mineral wall (illite and quartz), indicating that the selection of a mixed wall is similar to the actual shale composition. If the pores are inorganic, the minimum pore size of only adsorption oil is smaller than the organic pores. The critical adsorption point of shale oil in inorganic pores is less than 3.2 nm. Furthermore, compared to pressure, the temperature has a more significant effect on fluid adsorption due to the correlation with the kinetic energy of alkane molecules. This research shows the oil occurrence status in inorganic matter nanopore with a mixed solid wall, and provides theoretical support for shale oil exploration.

Tight oil is an important and potential reservoir in future China. Drawn from the successful exploration of tight oil in North America, tight oil exploration is now in progress in China. In this paper, we surveyed the tight oil exploration status and challenges, as well as the tight reservoir properties in China, including source rocks, lithology, physical properties and pressure coefficient. The process of pilot test and key technologies are analyzed, while it is still urgent to improve tight oil study and the production mode. We concluded that there are 4 aspects, which are geological features, energy supplement for formation, engineering and technical management innovation, should be improved, and national policy support for tight oil is another key point for successful exploration.

With the popularity of cloud computing, Platform-as-a Service (PaaS) becomes one of the core technical enablers by enterprise to change the services to both customers and internal organizations. An application in an enterprise needs to take into account various specific requirements for hosting in private and hybrid cloud, with unique requirements on rapid development, simplicity for deployment and management, integration with existing solution and compliance to industry standards, etc. In this paper, a novel business process centric PaaS model is introduced, which is targeted at supporting above requirements for cloud enabled industry solutions in an enterprise. Firstly, the emerging requirements of PaaS for cloud enabled industry solutions and the general features to meet such requirements are discussed. Then, the architecture and patterns for integrating with existing solutions are introduced. And the technologies to implement such PaaS model are presented including codeless developer workspace and automatic application generator. As well, to enable this PaaS model for “programmable SaaS”, BPM multi-tenancy is introduced. Based on the model and technologies, we designed and implemented cloud enabled industry solutions for Telecommunication, Chemical and Petroleum, Financial and Healthcare industries. This paper demonstrates how these technologies and architectures significantly enhance the capability of PaaS in the context of industry solutions and enterprise environments.

With the rapid growth of energy consumption, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are continually emerging, the most effective and widely used was polymer flooding. However, the shortcomings were gradually exposed. A novel decorated polyacrylamide might be a better alternative than polymer. In this work, the molecular structure and the properties reflecting the viscosity of decorated polyacrylamide, interfacial tension, and emulsification were examined. In order to better understand the interactions between decorated polyacrylamide and oil as well as the displacement mechanism, the displacement experiment were conducted in the etched-glass microscale model. Moreover, the coreflooding comparison experiments between decorated polyacrylamide and polymer were performed to investigate the displacement effect. The statistical analysis showed that the decorated polyacrylamide has excellent characteristics of salt tolerance, viscosity stability, and viscosification like polymer. Besides, the ability to reduce the interfacial tension in order 10⁻¹ and emulsification, which were more similar to surfactant. Therefore, the decorated polyacrylamide was a multifunctional polymer. The displacement process captured by camera illustrated that the decorated polyacrylamide flooded oil mainly by means of ‘pull and drag’, ‘entrainment’, and ‘bridging’, based on the mechanism of viscosifying, emulsifying, and viscoelasticity. The results of the coreflooding experiment indicated that the recovery of decorated polyacrylamide can be improved by approximately 11–16% after water flooding when the concentration was more than 800 mg/L, which was higher than that of conventional polymer flooding. It should be mentioned that a new injection mode of ‘concentration reduction multi-slug’ was first proposed, and it obtained an exciting result of increasing oil production and decreasing water-cut, the effect of conformance control was more significant.