Cancer, which killed ten million people in 2020, is expected to become the world’s leading health problem and financial burden. Despite the development of effective therapeutic approaches, cancer-related deaths have increased by 25.4% in the last ten years. Current therapies promote apoptosis and oxidative stress DNA damage and inhibit inflammatory mediators and angiogenesis from providing temporary relief. Thioredoxin-binding protein (TXNIP) causes oxidative stress by inhibiting the function of the thioredoxin system. It is an important regulator of many redox-related signal transduction pathways in cells. In cancer cells, it functions as a tumor suppressor protein that inhibits cell proliferation. In addition, TXNIP levels in hemocytes increased after immune stimulation, suggesting that TXNIP plays an important role in immunity. Several studies have provided experimental evidence for the immune modulatory role of TXNIP in cancer impediments. TXNIP also has the potential to act against immune cells in cancer by mediating the JAK-STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt pathways. To date, therapies targeting TXNIP in cancer are still under investigation. This review highlights the role of TXNIP in preventing cancer, as well as recent reports describing its functions in various immune cells, signaling pathways, and promoting action against cancer.

Pertussis, once controlled by whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines, has resurged due to the shift to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, waning immunity, antigenic variation, and macrolide resistant Bordetella pertussis strains. Despite high DTwP coverage, India continues to face a significant burden and this review synthesizes current knowledge and advocates for enhanced surveillance, updated vaccination strategies, and targeted interventions to reduce the clinical and public health impact of pertussis. Epidemiological data, genetic studies, and immunological insights from global and Indian contexts were reviewed. Information was obtained from PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and WHONET. Particular attention was given to genomic surveillance, vaccine-induced antigenic shifts, and real-world outcomes of DTwP and aP vaccines. Despite high DTwP vaccine coverage, India accounts for 26.5 % of global pertussis cases, driven by waning immunity, low booster uptake, and the spread of vaccine-escaped ptxP3 strains. The emergence of macrolide resistance further challenges disease control, with selective pressures influencing genetic shifts in B. pertussis. While wP vaccines provide long-lasting immunity, aP vaccines offer shorter protection and induce linked-epitope suppression, contributing to the resurgence of pertussis. There is an urgent need for Tdap booster programs in adolescents and adults to address waning immunity and evolving strains. Strengthened genomic and immunological surveillance, alongside innovative vaccine formulations and delivery systems, are critical forsustainable pertussis control in India.