Horticultural crops have a special impact on a nation’s economy due to their significance in raising the living standards of farmers. The traditional method for crop protection is becoming ineffective with an increase in climate change effects. Precision Agriculture (PA) presents a solution to this issue through the precise monitoring and forecasting of pests, which improves productivity and guarantees environmental sustainability. The productivity of the existing plant production system can be increased by using precision agriculture techniques. Various PA technologies that enable farmers to monitor the pest include remote sensing, the Internet of Things, geographical information systems, and artificial intelligence. The PA technique assists with pest forecasting and the management of pests and diseases in plants. The content of this article was gathered through a literature review of recent research. The approaches used in PA for pest forecasting, monitoring, and management are the main topic of this study. In the long term, this study will help farmers to manage insect pests in a way that is both affordable and environmentally beneficial.

The ever-increasing world’s population, the consequent heavy demand for food supply, and the lack of rain-fed agriculture to meet such demands have increased the role of irrigation in agricultural production. Water management in the irrigation system is the biggest problem, particularly in regions where the effects of climate change are noticeable. The amount and timing of the crop’s water requirements are under debate. Information about crops, weather, and/or soil is needed for this purpose. Unfortunately, getting such information is difficult, especially when working with enormous tracts of property. Scientists have been working to find the answers to these issues for many years. The use of remote sensing to gather the necessary data is one area that has attracted interest. The advantage of remote sensing is that data collection over vast distances becomes simple and efficient. For the purpose of enhancing sustainability, crop yield, and environmental quality, precision agriculture involves the use of agronomic concepts and innovative technology to control the geographical and temporal variance related to every aspect of agricultural output. Crop water status is monitored in agricultural areas using a variety of remote sensing techniques. It mainly includes remote sensing, crop monitoring in terms of water management, the use of drones, and modern irrigation techniques for the purpose of saving water and increasing water use efficiency in crops. This review is focused on remote sensing technologies for precision irrigation used to calculate evapotranspiration, infrared thermography, crop water status, and crop attributes. The framework for achieving this goal has included precision agriculture as a valuable element. By using these techniques, we can overcome the problem of water shortage, which is crucial for agriculture.

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary study field that attempts to boost agricultural output through substantial nanotechnology. This study has been conducted because of the reckless use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers brought on by the green revolution, which has diminished soil biodiversity and increased disease and insect resistance. Only nanoparticles or nano chips can produce sophisticated biosensors for precision farming and deliver ingredients to plants in a nanoparticle-mediated manner. The precise distribution of nutrients and agrochemicals to plants is made possible by nano-encapsulated versions of conventional fertilizers, insecticides, and herbicides. Nanotechnology-based tests for detecting plant viral diseases are also gaining popularity and are useful for making a rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral disorders. The advantages and future uses of nanotechnology in precision agriculture are covered in this article. Modern technologies and methods based on nanotechnology can solve many issues in traditional agriculture and could revolutionize this industry.

Climate change poses a significant challenge to food security. Several traditional approaches are available to prevent food insecurity in climate change scenarios, such as modifications in crop practices, altering field management systems, and climate-smart farming measures. Recently, precision agriculture practices are becoming a more popular way of farming that might help to overcome climate risk and reduce food insecurity. Precision agriculture is a tool for monitoring the food supply chain and managing both the amount and quality of agricultural products. Thus, this work seeks to synthesize and discuss the research related to the importance of a precision agriculture system in preventing food insecurity in the context of a developing countries such as Pakistan. The study is based on the narrative literature review.

Technology integration between the farm and the consumer is at the heart of digital agriculture. New technologies for developing countries, such as vertical indoor farming that uses automation and robots, might speed up the elimination of rural poverty and hunger worldwide. Significant technical developments include state-of-the-art greenhouse techniques, laser-guided precision farming, AI, and blockchain. Connected farm machinery collects data that may then be used to research the soil and climate of a given area, allowing experts to offer advice on seed selection and the optimal timing for applying pesticides and fertilizers. One of the most widely used innovations of the previous century was the mobile phone. The use of digital technology will improve communication between consumers and farmers. The public now has more accessible access to information on farming because of the wealth of data collected on crops and livestock. Smart farming’s impact on crop yields will be seen in the long term.

Agricultural sustainability and food security are adversely affected by nutrient deficiency in the soil that in turn reduces crop yield. To restore soil fertility, precision agriculture (PA) techniques are highly encouraged. The PA techniques include the use of integrated sensors, information systems, better-quality machinery, and informed management to improve productivity. The quality and quantity of agricultural products can be improved by precision farming. The use of remote sensing is a nondestructive technique that facilitates the application of PA. The nutrient use efficiency of crops can be improved by using PA technology. In this regard, various remote sensing techniques including hyperspectral remote sensing, visible light remote sensing, and the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model combined with ordinary kriging (OK) known as BPNKOK are currently being employed to improve soil nutrients management. These techniques assist in non-destructive monitoring of plant growth and hence aid in sustaining crop yields.