Horticultural crops have a special impact on a nation’s economy due to their significance in raising the living standards of farmers. The traditional method for crop protection is becoming ineffective with an increase in climate change effects. Precision Agriculture (PA) presents a solution to this issue through the precise monitoring and forecasting of pests, which improves productivity and guarantees environmental sustainability. The productivity of the existing plant production system can be increased by using precision agriculture techniques. Various PA technologies that enable farmers to monitor the pest include remote sensing, the Internet of Things, geographical information systems, and artificial intelligence. The PA technique assists with pest forecasting and the management of pests and diseases in plants. The content of this article was gathered through a literature review of recent research. The approaches used in PA for pest forecasting, monitoring, and management are the main topic of this study. In the long term, this study will help farmers to manage insect pests in a way that is both affordable and environmentally beneficial.

Crop growth and yield are influenced by the genetic potential of the cultivar, soil, weather, and cultivation practices, i.e., sowing date, irrigation and fertilizer amount, and biotic stresses. Temporal variation in yield and growth has been largely forecasted using climate as a predictor, which can be achieved by using either an empirical or crop simulation approach for a given location. Climate and soil data collected over agricultural land regularly aid in crop growth monitoring, as well as crop vitality assessment. Crop simulation models (CSM) that have been successful in field-scale applications are now being implemented in GIS framework to simulate and monitor crop growth with remote sensing inputs, allowing for sensitive evaluations of seasonal weather conditions, local variability, and crop management signals. This research was designed to monitor the growth of three varieties of kiwifruit, i.e., Hayward grafted, Green-flesh, and Hayward, in four different localities: Hazaro (Attock), Simli Dam (Pind Begwal), GPU (germ plasm unit) Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi and ZTBL (Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited) Farm Islamabad, each of which has different soil and weather conditions. Soil proximal sensors were used to measure soil characteristics, and data loggers were installed in each field to monitor the weather parameters to collect data that influences crops. In this study, we used a quantitative method and GIS-integrated data to assess the impact of soil and climate on kiwifruit growth. It can help policy makers and researchers to identify new agro-climatic zones in Pakistan’s semi-arid regions for kiwifruit farming based on this data. In this study, we found that kiwi is very susceptible to temperatures above 40 °C, which cause mortality in kiwifruits plants. Morphological data with respect to soil and climate results showed that green-fleshed and Hayward varieties performed slightly better than Hayward grafted, which was most susceptible to diseases and heat damage.

All tropical and subtropical areas of the world are suitable for citrus cultivation. In managing fertilizer application efficiency in orchards, variable-rate technology (VRT) has been demonstrated to be an important element. This article aims to study the significance of variable-rate fertilization for citrus in the arid region of Pakistan. The NPK was calculated before the application of the variable-rate fertilizer. The plant height and stem girth were determined before and after fertilizer application. The preliminary results revealed that the stem girth performed significantly better than the plant height after applying fertilizer by VRT. The preliminary results showed a significant difference in the fruit yield between the VRT and uniform-rate fertilizer application.

Conventional agricultural practices and a rapidly growing population have both contributed to an increase in interest in cutting-edge research on environmental friendly farming methods. A field experiment to investigate the potential of soil probiotics on soil and plant health is under process at IOT Smart Research Farm, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi from 22 June till mid October 2022. The plots contain four different treatments (Control, Full dose NPK, Probiotics only and ½ NPK+ Probiotics) on peanut crop. Probiotics (Actinomycetes sp. & Mycobacterium neoaurum) were applied through seed coating. Treatments were triplicated in a randomized complete block design. Different plant physiological characteristics (height, canopy, no of leaves, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, and normalized difference vegetation index) and soil properties (pH, Ec, moisture, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium) are under investigation. For different plant parameters different novel devices are being used, such as leaf area index meters to find the index area, and chlorophyll meters for chlorophyll content, whereas for soil parameters proximal sensors are being used. The findings of the trial up till now show the best results in ½ NPK+ probiotics followed by probiotics, full-dose NPK and control which are encouraging, indicating enhanced crop productivity and improved soil health. This study will provide a way out for increased peanut production in an environmental friendly manner for farmers.