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I. Bogunovic
University of Zagreb, Croatia

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Journal article
Published: 12 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Nitrate leaching through soil layers to groundwater may cause significant degradation of natural resources. The aims of this study were: (i) to estimate soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) of the similar soil type with same management on various locations; (ii) to determine annual water dynamics; and (iii) to estimate the impact of subsoil horizon properties on nitrate leaching. The final goal was to compare the influence of different SHPs and layering on water dynamics and nitrate leaching. The study was conducted in central Croatia (Zagreb), at four locations on Calcaric Phaeozem, Calcaric Regosol, and Calcaric Fluvic Phaeozem soil types. Soil hydraulic parameters were estimated using the HYPROP system and HYPROP-FIT software. Water dynamics and nitrate leaching were evaluated using HYDRUS 2D/3D during a period of 365 days. The amount of water in the soil under saturated conditions varied from 0.422 to 0.535 cm3 cm−3 while the hydraulic conductivity varied from 3 cm day−1 to 990.9 cm day−1. Even though all locations have the same land use and climatic conditions with similar physical properties, hydraulic parameters varied substantially. The amount and velocity of transported nitrate (HYDRUS 2D/3D) were affected by reduced hydraulic conductivity of the subsoil as nitrates are primarily transported via advective flux. Despite the large differences in SHPs of the topsoil layers, the deeper soil layers, having similar SHPs, imposed a buffering effect preventing faster nitrate downward transport. This contributed to a very similar distribution of nitrates through the soil profile at the end of simulation period. This case study indicated the importance of carefully selecting relevant parameters in multilayered soil systems when evaluating groundwater pollution risk.

ACS Style

Jasmina Defterdarović; Lana Filipović; Filip Kranjčec; Gabrijel Ondrašek; Diana Kikić; Alen Novosel; Ivan Mustać; Vedran Krevh; Ivan Magdić; Vedran Rubinić; Igor Bogunović; Ivan Dugan; Krešimir Čopec; Hailong He; Vilim Filipović. Determination of Soil Hydraulic Parameters and Evaluation of Water Dynamics and Nitrate Leaching in the Unsaturated Layered Zone: A Modeling Case Study in Central Croatia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6688 .

AMA Style

Jasmina Defterdarović, Lana Filipović, Filip Kranjčec, Gabrijel Ondrašek, Diana Kikić, Alen Novosel, Ivan Mustać, Vedran Krevh, Ivan Magdić, Vedran Rubinić, Igor Bogunović, Ivan Dugan, Krešimir Čopec, Hailong He, Vilim Filipović. Determination of Soil Hydraulic Parameters and Evaluation of Water Dynamics and Nitrate Leaching in the Unsaturated Layered Zone: A Modeling Case Study in Central Croatia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jasmina Defterdarović; Lana Filipović; Filip Kranjčec; Gabrijel Ondrašek; Diana Kikić; Alen Novosel; Ivan Mustać; Vedran Krevh; Ivan Magdić; Vedran Rubinić; Igor Bogunović; Ivan Dugan; Krešimir Čopec; Hailong He; Vilim Filipović. 2021. "Determination of Soil Hydraulic Parameters and Evaluation of Water Dynamics and Nitrate Leaching in the Unsaturated Layered Zone: A Modeling Case Study in Central Croatia." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6688.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Agronomy
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The aim of this study was to determine the environmental suitability of conservation tillage systems. A 3-year experiment was conducted in Croatia, to study the effects of different tillage treatments on soil properties, with the following: deep (DC), shallow tine cultivation (SC) and ploughing (P). Soil penetration resistance (SPR) was significantly greater in P compared to DC in all three years. In 2016, it was found at 30–40 and 40–50 cm; in 2017 at 10–20 cm; in 2018 at 0–10 and 10–20 cm. However, SC was significantly greater at 20–30, 30–40 and 40–50 cm compared to P and DC in 2017. The greater surface coverage in DC and SC (>30%) as compared to P (<1%) provided significantly higher soil moisture content (SMC) in maize (2016) and soybean (2018). In 2017, SMC in SC was significantly lower than in P and DC. Regarding all the 3 years, the agronomic structure in DC and SC had significantly greater crumb ratio compared to P, whereas P had significantly higher dust ratio than DC and SC. Throughout the 15 measurements, DC provided the most favorable soil habitat (11 occasions out of 15). In 2017, the earthworm abundance was significantly higher in DC compared to SC. In all the three years, DC resulted the highest yield, however the difference was not significant. Higher surface coverage and SMC positively impacted the ratio of agronomic structure (decreased dust and increased crumb ratio) and earthworm abundance. It can be concluded that DC and SC provided greater soil coverage which positively affected SPR, SMC, agronomic structure and earthworm abundance as compared to P.

ACS Style

Igor Dekemati; Barbara Simon; Igor Bogunovic; Szergej Vinogradov; Maimela Modiba; Csaba Gyuricza; Márta Birkás. Three-Year Investigation of Tillage Management on the Soil Physical Environment, Earthworm Populations and Crop Yields in Croatia. Agronomy 2021, 11, 825 .

AMA Style

Igor Dekemati, Barbara Simon, Igor Bogunovic, Szergej Vinogradov, Maimela Modiba, Csaba Gyuricza, Márta Birkás. Three-Year Investigation of Tillage Management on the Soil Physical Environment, Earthworm Populations and Crop Yields in Croatia. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):825.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Dekemati; Barbara Simon; Igor Bogunovic; Szergej Vinogradov; Maimela Modiba; Csaba Gyuricza; Márta Birkás. 2021. "Three-Year Investigation of Tillage Management on the Soil Physical Environment, Earthworm Populations and Crop Yields in Croatia." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 825.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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Spectral data obtained from optical spaceborne sensors are being recognized as a valuable source of data that show promising results in assessing soil properties on medium and macro scale. Combining this technique with laboratory Visible-Near Infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy methods can be an effective approach to perform robust research on plot scale to determine wildfire impact on soil organic matter (SOM) immediately after the fire. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the ability of Sentinel-2 superspectral data in estimating post-fire SOM content and comparison with the results acquired with laboratory VIS-NIR spectroscopy.

The study is performed in Mediterranean Croatia (44° 05’ N; 15° 22’ E; 72 m a.s.l.), on approximately 15 ha of fire affected mixed Quercus ssp. and Juniperus ssp. forest on Cambisols. A total of 80 soil samples (0-5 cm depth) were collected and geolocated on August 22nd 2019, two days after a medium to high severity wildfire. The samples were taken to the laboratory where soil organic carbon (SOC) content was determined via dry combustion method with a CHNS analyzer. SOM was subsequently calculated by using a conversion factor of 1.724. Laboratory soil spectral measurements were carried out using a portable spectroradiometer (350-1050 nm) on all collected soil samples. Two Sentinel-2 images were downloaded from ESAs Scientific Open Access Hub according to the closest dates of field sampling, namely August 31st and September 5th 2019, each containing eight VIS-NIR and two SWIR (Short-Wave Infrared) bands which were extracted from bare soil pixels using SNAP software. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) model based on the pre-processed spectral data was used for SOM estimation on both datasets. Spectral reflectance data were used as predictors and SOM content was used as a response variable. The accuracy of the models was determined via Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction (RMSEp) and Ratio of Performance to Deviation (RPD) after full cross-validation of the calibration datasets.

The average post-fire SOM content was 9.63%, ranging from 5.46% minimum to 23.89% maximum. Models obtained from both datasets showed low RMSEp (Spectroscopy dataset RMSEp = 1.91; Sentinel-2 dataset RMSEp = 0.99). RPD values indicated very good predictions for both datasets (Spectrospcopy dataset RPD = 2.72; Sentinel-2 dataset RPD = 2.22). Laboratory spectroscopy method with higher spectral resolution provided more accurate results. Nonetheless, spaceborne method also showed promising results in the analysis and monitoring of SOM in post-burn period.

Keywords: remote sensing, soil spectroscopy, wildfires, soil organic matter

Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the Croatian Science Foundation through the project "Soil erosion and degradation in Croatia" (UIP-2017-05-7834) (SEDCRO). Aleksandra Perčin is acknowledged for her cooperation during the laboratory work.

ACS Style

Iva Hrelja; Ivana Šestak; Igor Bogunović. Estimation of soil organic matter using proximal and satellite sensors after a wildfire in Mediterranean Croatia. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Iva Hrelja, Ivana Šestak, Igor Bogunović. Estimation of soil organic matter using proximal and satellite sensors after a wildfire in Mediterranean Croatia. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iva Hrelja; Ivana Šestak; Igor Bogunović. 2021. "Estimation of soil organic matter using proximal and satellite sensors after a wildfire in Mediterranean Croatia." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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Straw mulch impact on soil properties and initial soil erosion processes in the maize field

Ivan Dugan*, Leon Josip Telak, Iva Hrelja, Ivica Kisic, Igor Bogunovic

University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of General Agronomy, Zagreb, Croatia

(*correspondence to Ivan Dugan: [email protected])

Soil erosion by water is the most important cause of land degradation. Previous studies reveal high soil loss in conventionally managed croplands, with recorded soil losses high as 30 t ha-1 under wide row cover crop like maize (Kisic et al., 2017; Bogunovic et al., 2018). Therefore, it is necessary to test environmentally-friendly soil conservation practices to mitigate soil erosion. This research aims to define the impacts of mulch and bare soil on soil water erosion in the maize (Zea mays L.) field in Blagorodovac, Croatia (45°33’N; 17°01’E; 132 m a.s.l.). For this research, two treatments on conventionally tilled silty clay loam Stagnosols were established, one was straw mulch (2 t ha-1), while other was bare soil. For purpose of research, ten rainfall simulations and ten sampling points were conducted per each treatment. Simulations were carried out with a rainfall simulator, simulating a rainfall at an intensity of 58 mm h-1, for 30 min, over 0.785 m2 plots, to determine runoff and sediment loss. Soil core samples and undisturbed samples were taken in the close vicinity of each plot. The results showed that straw mulch mitigated water runoff (by 192%), sediment loss (by 288%), and sediment concentration (by 560%) in addition to bare treatment. The bare treatment showed a 55% lower infiltration rate. Ponding time was higher (p < 0.05) on mulched plots (102 sec), compared to bare (35 sec), despite the fact that bulk density, water-stable aggregates, water holding capacity, and mean weight diameter did not show any difference (p > 0.05) between treatments. The study results indicate that straw mulch mitigates soil water erosion, because it immediately reduces runoff, and enhances infiltration. On the other side, soil water erosion on bare soil under simulated rainstorms could be high as 5.07 t ha-1, when extrapolated, reached as high as 5.07 t ha-1 in this study. The conventional tillage, without residue cover, was proven as unsustainable agro-technical practice in the study area.

Key words: straw mulch, rainfall simulation, soil water erosion

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by Croatian Science Foundation through the project "Soil erosion and degradation in Croatia" (UIP-2017-05-7834) (SEDCRO).

Literature

Bogunovic, I., Pereira, P., Kisic, I., Sajko, K., Sraka, M. (2018). Tillage management impacts on soil compaction, erosion and crop yield in Stagnosols (Croatia). Catena, 160, 376-384.

Kisic, I., Bogunovic, I., Birkás, M., Jurisic, A., Spalevic, V. (2017). The role of tillage and crops on a soil loss of an arable Stagnic Luvisol. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63(3), 403-413.

ACS Style

Ivan Dugan; Leon Josip Telak; Iva Hrelja; Ivica Kisić; Igor Bogunović. Straw mulch impact on soil properties and initial soil erosion processes in the maize field. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ivan Dugan, Leon Josip Telak, Iva Hrelja, Ivica Kisić, Igor Bogunović. Straw mulch impact on soil properties and initial soil erosion processes in the maize field. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ivan Dugan; Leon Josip Telak; Iva Hrelja; Ivica Kisić; Igor Bogunović. 2021. "Straw mulch impact on soil properties and initial soil erosion processes in the maize field." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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High majority of soil erosion studies focus on cereal croplands, vineyards, olive, avocado, citrus, almond, persimmon, apple, and apricot orchards. To date, there is a lack of information about the possible impacts of tillage management on soil properties and hydrological response in fig orchards. Understanding this will be crucial to design efficient soil conservation practices and degradation control. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the initial soil erosion in fig plantations and temporal evolution of initial soil erosion after the tillage intervention on undeveloped, Calcic Fluvisol in Dalmatia, Croatia. The study was conducted by collecting undisturbed soil samples, followed by rainfall simulations (58 mm h-1, during 30 min, over 0.785 m2 plots) in eight repetitions per measurement 2 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the intensive tillage. The results showed a clear difference among soil properties trough time. Seasonal effect significantly modifies soil properties and hydrological response. Soil bulk density and mean weight diameter increase (p < 0.05), while water holding capacity, water stable aggregates, soil organic content, and available phosphorus decrease (p < 0.05) by time after tillage. The highest runoff was measured 1 month (100.5 m3 ha-1), followed by 3 months (82 m3 ha-1), and 0 months (48.3 m3 ha-1) after tillage. Sediment losses were highest at 3 months (3488.9 kg ha-1), followed by 3.5 times lesser losses at 1 month (990.6 kg ha-1), and 8.2 times lower right after the tillage (426.1 kg ha-1). Temporal variations of soil erodibility in this study were under the influence of soil natural consolidation and precipitation. Fig orchards on young, undeveloped soils are highly erodible forms of land use and conservation practices need to be deploy in order to mitigate land degradation.

Keywords: soil physical properties, runoff, permanent plantation, short-term changes, undeveloped soil

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Croatian Science Foundation through the project "Soil erosion and degradation in Croatia" (UIP-2017-05-7834) (SEDCRO).

ACS Style

Igor Bogunovic; Leon Josip Telak; Ivan Dugan; Carla S. S. Ferreira; Paulo Pereira. Tillage-induced management impact on soil properties and initial soil erosion in degraded calcareous soils in Mediterranean fig orchard. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Igor Bogunovic, Leon Josip Telak, Ivan Dugan, Carla S. S. Ferreira, Paulo Pereira. Tillage-induced management impact on soil properties and initial soil erosion in degraded calcareous soils in Mediterranean fig orchard. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Bogunovic; Leon Josip Telak; Ivan Dugan; Carla S. S. Ferreira; Paulo Pereira. 2021. "Tillage-induced management impact on soil properties and initial soil erosion in degraded calcareous soils in Mediterranean fig orchard." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2021 in Soil Systems
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Proper soil management is crucial to mitigate soil degradation. Hazelnut orchards are often raised on slopes and intensively managed, which makes them similar to the already defined highly erodible land uses like vineyards. This research aims to assess the impacts of soil management and the slope on the soil properties, hydrological response, and erosion in the hazelnut orchard. At eastern Croatia on Cambisols, four treatments were chosen, representing two soil managements in the study area (herbicide and mulched) on two different slope inclinations (high ~9° and low ~4.5°), for rainfall simulation experiments and soil sampling. The herbicide treatments on both slopes removed soil cover and reduced (p < 0.05) soil organic matter, mean weight diameter, and water-stable aggregates. Mulched treatments recorded a lower (p < 0.05) bulk density. These soil properties affected soil hydrological response, as the reduction of infiltration in herbicide plots lead to higher water and sediment losses. The higher slope increased erosion in herbicide soil to over 2.2 t ha−1. Mulching was shown as a superior practice as it enhances soil properties and reduces soil erosion, even reducing the effect of the higher slope on erosional processes.

ACS Style

Leon Telak; Ivan Dugan; Igor Bogunovic. Soil Management and Slope Impacts on Soil Properties, Hydrological Response, and Erosion in Hazelnut Orchard. Soil Systems 2021, 5, 5 .

AMA Style

Leon Telak, Ivan Dugan, Igor Bogunovic. Soil Management and Slope Impacts on Soil Properties, Hydrological Response, and Erosion in Hazelnut Orchard. Soil Systems. 2021; 5 (1):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leon Telak; Ivan Dugan; Igor Bogunovic. 2021. "Soil Management and Slope Impacts on Soil Properties, Hydrological Response, and Erosion in Hazelnut Orchard." Soil Systems 5, no. 1: 5.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in Agronomy
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Understanding the roles of natural drivers and anthropogenic activities in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of arable fields is crucial for adopting the most appropriate agricultural management. This study investigated the effect of two tillage treatments of mouldboard ploughing (MP) and no-tillage (NT), and the environmental factors (soil water content and temperature, carbon content and nitrogen forms) on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The research was conducted on chernozem soil under winter wheat cultivation. Besides field monitoring, several laboratory experiments took place to examine the effects of environmental drivers and fertilization management on soil GHG emissions. We observed no significant difference between the CO2 emission of MP and NT during a full year period. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in the sub-periods (more particularly during vegetation and then after harvest). NT had higher CO2 emission than MP in all laboratory experiments (p < 0.001) and in the after harvest period of the field trial, measured on bare soil (p < 0.0001). NT had significantly higher N2O emission both under laboratory (p < 0.0001) and field conditions (p < 0.0081). Different fertilization showed no distinguishable effect on N2O emission in the laboratory. This study confirms that N2O emission of the arable field depended more on soil water content than soil temperature, and vice-versa for CO2 emission.

ACS Style

Márton Dencső; Ágota Horel; Igor Bogunovic; Eszter Tóth. Effects of Environmental Drivers and Agricultural Management on Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions. Agronomy 2020, 11, 54 .

AMA Style

Márton Dencső, Ágota Horel, Igor Bogunovic, Eszter Tóth. Effects of Environmental Drivers and Agricultural Management on Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions. Agronomy. 2020; 11 (1):54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Márton Dencső; Ágota Horel; Igor Bogunovic; Eszter Tóth. 2020. "Effects of Environmental Drivers and Agricultural Management on Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 54.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2020 in Water
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Tillage is well known to have impacts on soil properties and hydrological responses. This work aims to study the short-term impacts of tillage (0–3 months) on soil and hydrological responses in fig orchards located in Croatia. Understanding the soil hydrological response in the study area is crucial for soil management due to frequent autumn floods. The hydrological response was investigated using rainfall simulation experiments (58 mm h−1, for 30 min, over 0.785 m2 plots). The results show that the bulk density was significantly higher 3 months after tillage than at 0 and 1 months. The water holding capacity and amount of soil organic matter decreased with time. The water runoff and phosphorous loss (P loss) increased over time. The sediment concentration (SC) was significantly higher 3 months after tillage than in the previous monitoring periods, while sediment loss (SL) and carbon loss (C loss) were significantly lower 0 months after tillage than 3 months after tillage. Overall, there was an increase in soil erodibility with time (high SC, SL, C loss, and P loss), attributed to the precipitation patterns that increase the soil water content and therefore the hydrological response. Therefore, sustainable agricultural practices are needed to avoid sediment translocation and to mitigate floods and land degradation.

ACS Style

Leon Josip Telak; Paulo Pereira; Carla S. S. Ferreira; Vilim Filipovic; Lana Filipovic; Igor Bogunovic. Short-Term Impact of Tillage on Soil and the Hydrological Response within a Fig (Ficus Carica) Orchard in Croatia. Water 2020, 12, 3295 .

AMA Style

Leon Josip Telak, Paulo Pereira, Carla S. S. Ferreira, Vilim Filipovic, Lana Filipovic, Igor Bogunovic. Short-Term Impact of Tillage on Soil and the Hydrological Response within a Fig (Ficus Carica) Orchard in Croatia. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leon Josip Telak; Paulo Pereira; Carla S. S. Ferreira; Vilim Filipovic; Lana Filipovic; Igor Bogunovic. 2020. "Short-Term Impact of Tillage on Soil and the Hydrological Response within a Fig (Ficus Carica) Orchard in Croatia." Water 12, no. 11: 3295.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics
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This research aims to assess the impacts of soil use management on runoff, soil losses, and their main soil controls in vegetable cropland (CROP), tilled olives (OT), and grass-covered olive orchards (OGC) on Leptosol in Croatia. Soil analysis and rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to quantify runoff (Run), soil, and nutrient losses. Bulk density (BD) was significantly higher at OT plots, in addition to the CROP plots. Water-stable aggregates (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), and soil organic matter (OM) were significantly higher in OGC plots compared to the other land uses. Run and soil loss (SL) were significantly higher in CROP and OT plots compared to the OGC plots. The CROP plots showed soil management that can be considered as unsustainable with 52, 68- and 146-times higher losses of phosphorus (P loss), nitrogen (N loss), and carbon (C loss) compared to the OGC plots. The principal component analysis showed that MWD was associated with vegetation cover (VC), water-holding capacity (WHC), WSA, OM, total nitrogen (TN), time to ponding (TP), and time to runoff (TR). These variables were negatively related to P2O5, Run, SL, and and P, N, and C loss. Results indicate the need for the adoption of conservation strategies in croplands and olive orchards.

ACS Style

Igor Bogunovic; Leon Josip Telak; Paulo Pereira; Vilim Filipovic; Lana Filipovic; Aleksandra Percin; Boris Durdevic; Márta Birkás; Igor Dekemati; Jesus Rodrigo Comino. Land management impacts on soil properties and initial soil erosion processes in olives and vegetable crops. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 2020, 68, 328 -337.

AMA Style

Igor Bogunovic, Leon Josip Telak, Paulo Pereira, Vilim Filipovic, Lana Filipovic, Aleksandra Percin, Boris Durdevic, Márta Birkás, Igor Dekemati, Jesus Rodrigo Comino. Land management impacts on soil properties and initial soil erosion processes in olives and vegetable crops. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics. 2020; 68 (4):328-337.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Bogunovic; Leon Josip Telak; Paulo Pereira; Vilim Filipovic; Lana Filipovic; Aleksandra Percin; Boris Durdevic; Márta Birkás; Igor Dekemati; Jesus Rodrigo Comino. 2020. "Land management impacts on soil properties and initial soil erosion processes in olives and vegetable crops." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 68, no. 4: 328-337.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2020 in Agronomy
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In addition to the dry (D) and rainy (R) seasons, a combination of the two i.e., rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR), can also be observed in one year. The effects of the dry (D) and rainy (R) on soil are known, hence we hypothesized that the effects of the rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR) periods on soil may differ from the former assessments. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of six tillage treatments (ploughing—P, disk tillage—DT, loosening—L, tine tillage (a deeper—T and a shallower—ST) and no-till—NT) on earthworm abundance and crumb ratio during a long-term research (16 years) on Chernozems. The results related to the four year-groups (D, R, RD, and DR) with different residue cover. Seven degrees of cover ratio (between 12.5% and 62.5%) were selected on stubbles. Higher cover ratio (≥52.5%) improved water conservation, increased earthworm abundance (31 and 41 ind m–2) and crumb (78 and 82%) ratio (p < 0.001). R year came first in the rank of water content and earthworm abundance and DR proved to be more favorable for crumb formation. Considering the rank of soil tillage treatments, ST takes first place in evaluation of soil water content (SWC) and crumb ratio, and NT for earthworm abundance.

ACS Style

Igor Dekemati; Barbara Simon; Igor Bogunovic; Ivica Kisic; Katalin Kassai; Zoltán Kende; Márta Birkás. Long term Effects of Ploughing and Conservation Tillage Methods on Earthworm Abundance and Crumb Ratio. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1552 .

AMA Style

Igor Dekemati, Barbara Simon, Igor Bogunovic, Ivica Kisic, Katalin Kassai, Zoltán Kende, Márta Birkás. Long term Effects of Ploughing and Conservation Tillage Methods on Earthworm Abundance and Crumb Ratio. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (10):1552.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Dekemati; Barbara Simon; Igor Bogunovic; Ivica Kisic; Katalin Kassai; Zoltán Kende; Márta Birkás. 2020. "Long term Effects of Ploughing and Conservation Tillage Methods on Earthworm Abundance and Crumb Ratio." Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1552.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2020 in Agronomy
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There is a lack of information in the rural Mediterranean area about agricultural pile burning impacts on soil nitrogen (N) dynamic and the N loss. Therefore, this research aims to study the impacts of moderate (MS), and high (HS) severity burn on N transformation and N losses, compared to an unburned (C) during the first year. The experimental plots (10 m2) were established in Croatia (43°58′ N 15°31′ E), in a slope ~18°, with a southwest exposition. Five days after the burn, C treatment had a significantly higher total N (TN) than MS and HS. Generally, the runoff was significantly different between burned and C treatments. Sediment yield, concentrations, and TN loss were significantly higher in MS than in C treatment. The concentrations of ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) in the runoff, and their losses were higher in burn treatments than in C treatment. These values were high in the first three months after burn, although the peaks in later periods correspond to extreme rainfall events. Principal component analysis showed that sediment yield was associated with sediment concentration, runoff, and TN loss (Factor 1). In addition, rainfall amount and intensity were inversely related to NH4-N concentration and losses (Factor 2). The NO3-N concentration was positively related to NO3-N losses. Overall, MS treatment had severe effects on N loss and, sediment yield can be used as an indicator of soil degradation after pile burns.

ACS Style

Domina Delač; Paulo Pereira; Igor Bogunović; Ivica Kisić. Short-Term Effects of Pile Burn on N Dynamic and N Loss in Mediterranean Croatia. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1340 .

AMA Style

Domina Delač, Paulo Pereira, Igor Bogunović, Ivica Kisić. Short-Term Effects of Pile Burn on N Dynamic and N Loss in Mediterranean Croatia. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1340.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domina Delač; Paulo Pereira; Igor Bogunović; Ivica Kisić. 2020. "Short-Term Effects of Pile Burn on N Dynamic and N Loss in Mediterranean Croatia." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1340.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Agronomy
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In urban areas, land use usually increases soil degradation. However, there are areas occupied by agriculture and woodlands with an essential role in provisioning food and other services such as water and climate regulation. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of long-term land use and soil management practices on peri-urban soils in Zagreb (Croatia). Samples were collected at depth 0–10 cm within intensively tilled cropland (CROP) and vineyard (VINE), traditional grass-covered orchard (ORCH), and forest (FOR). The results showed that bulk density was significantly higher in VINE and CROP than in ORCH and FOR. The opposite dynamic was observed in water-holding capacity, air-filled porosity, aggregate stability, organic matter, and soil organic matter stocks (SOCS). Soil water infiltration was higher in FOR plot compared to the other plots. Overall, land-use change had a substantial impact on soil properties and SOCS, especially in CROP and VINE soils. Tillage, pesticides, and fertilizer applications were presumably the reasons for altered soil quality properties. Intensively used areas (VINE and CROPS) may reduce soil ecosystems services such as the capacity for flood retention and C sequestration.

ACS Style

Igor Bogunovic; Antonio Viduka; Ivan Magdic; Leon Josip Telak; Marcos Francos; Paulo Pereira. Agricultural and Forest Land-Use Impact on Soil Properties in Zagreb Periurban Area (Croatia). Agronomy 2020, 10, 1331 .

AMA Style

Igor Bogunovic, Antonio Viduka, Ivan Magdic, Leon Josip Telak, Marcos Francos, Paulo Pereira. Agricultural and Forest Land-Use Impact on Soil Properties in Zagreb Periurban Area (Croatia). Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Bogunovic; Antonio Viduka; Ivan Magdic; Leon Josip Telak; Marcos Francos; Paulo Pereira. 2020. "Agricultural and Forest Land-Use Impact on Soil Properties in Zagreb Periurban Area (Croatia)." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1331.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2020 in Agronomy
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Organic amendments are often reported to improve soil properties, promote plant growth, and improve crop yield. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the biochar and compost produced from sewage sludge and olive pomace on soil hydraulic properties, water flow, and P transport (i.e., sorption) using numerical modeling (HYDRUS-1D) applied to two soil types (Terra Rosa and Rendzina). Evaporation and leaching experiments on soil cores and repacked soil columns were performed to determine the soil water retention, hydraulic conductivity, P leaching potential, and P sorption capacity of these mixtures. In the majority of treatments, the soil water retention showed a small increase compared to the control soil. A reliable fit with the modified van Genuchten model was found, which was also confirmed by water flow modeling of leaching experiments (R2 0.99). The results showed a high P sorption in all the treatments (Kd 21.24 to 53.68 cm3 g–1), and a high model reliability when the inverse modeling procedure was used (R2 0.93 - 0.99). Overall, adding sewage sludge or olive pomace as compost or biochar improved the Terra Rosa and Rendzina water retention and did not increase the P mobility in these soils, proving to be a sustainable source of carbon and P-rich materials.

ACS Style

Vilim Filipović; Marko Černe; Jiří Šimůnek; Lana Filipović; Marija Romić; Gabrijel Ondrašek; Igor Bogunović; Ivan Mustać; Vedran Krevh; Anja Ferenčević; David Robinson; Igor Palčić; Igor Pasković; Smiljana Goreta Ban; Zoran Užila; Dean Ban. Modeling Water Flow and Phosphorus Sorption in a Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge and Olive Pomace as Compost or Biochar. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1163 .

AMA Style

Vilim Filipović, Marko Černe, Jiří Šimůnek, Lana Filipović, Marija Romić, Gabrijel Ondrašek, Igor Bogunović, Ivan Mustać, Vedran Krevh, Anja Ferenčević, David Robinson, Igor Palčić, Igor Pasković, Smiljana Goreta Ban, Zoran Užila, Dean Ban. Modeling Water Flow and Phosphorus Sorption in a Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge and Olive Pomace as Compost or Biochar. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (8):1163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vilim Filipović; Marko Černe; Jiří Šimůnek; Lana Filipović; Marija Romić; Gabrijel Ondrašek; Igor Bogunović; Ivan Mustać; Vedran Krevh; Anja Ferenčević; David Robinson; Igor Palčić; Igor Pasković; Smiljana Goreta Ban; Zoran Užila; Dean Ban. 2020. "Modeling Water Flow and Phosphorus Sorption in a Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge and Olive Pomace as Compost or Biochar." Agronomy 10, no. 8: 1163.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2020 in Glasnik zaštite bilja
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Budući da se osnovna obrada i priprema tla za sjetvu uljane repice obavljaju u sušnom razdoblju godine, vrlo je važno odabrati pravilan način obrade tla za svako područje, odnosno tip tla. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj načina obrade tla na prinos i energetsku učinkovitost proizvodnje uljane repice u agroekološkim uvjetima Podravine. U istraživanje su bile uključene dvije varijante obrade tla za uljanu repicu: 1) konvencionalna obrada - plug, integrirani agregat rotodrljača + sijačica; 2) reducirana obrada - rovilo, integrirani agregat rotodrljača + sijačica. Istraživanje je provedeno na lesiviranom tlu na pijescima kod naselja Dinjevac u Podravini tijekom 2017./2018. godine na parceli ukupne površine 3,5 ha. Na jednoj polovici parcele (1,75 ha) obavljena je konvencionalna obrada tla, a na drugoj polovici (1,75 ha) reducirana obrada tla. Za sve radne operacije obrade tla korišten je traktor Fendt 716 Vario snage motora 118 kW s pogonom na sva četiri kotača. Prilikom svih radnih operacija mjerena je potrošnja goriva volumetrijskom metodom te je izračunat utrošak energije. Na svakoj varijanti obrade tla utvrđen je prinos u tri ponavljanja. Način obrade tla nije imao značajan utjecaj na prinos sjemena, udio ulja u sjemenu i prinos ulja. Reduciranom obradom tla ostvarena je ušteda energije od 387 MJ ha-1, odnosno smanjen utrošak goriva za 10 l ha-1. Stoga je reducirani način obrade tla ekološki prihvatljiviji zbog manje emisije CO2. Reducirana obrada je isplativija i s ekonomskog stajališta jer je u usporedbi s konvencionalnom, ostvaren veći prihod za 282,00 kn ha-1, odnosno 3,42 %.

ACS Style

Josip Spitek; Milan Pospišil; Igor Kovačev; Igor Bogunović. Utjecaj načina obrade tla na prinos i energetsku učinkovitost proizvodnje uljane repice. Glasnik zaštite bilja 2020, 43, 47 -52.

AMA Style

Josip Spitek, Milan Pospišil, Igor Kovačev, Igor Bogunović. Utjecaj načina obrade tla na prinos i energetsku učinkovitost proizvodnje uljane repice. Glasnik zaštite bilja. 2020; 43 (3):47-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josip Spitek; Milan Pospišil; Igor Kovačev; Igor Bogunović. 2020. "Utjecaj načina obrade tla na prinos i energetsku učinkovitost proizvodnje uljane repice." Glasnik zaštite bilja 43, no. 3: 47-52.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Soil erosion by water is one of the most important degradation processes. Land use has important effects on soil properties, therefore it is key to identify the type of management that have more impacts and find solutions to mitigate it. In order to understand the effects of land use management on soil and soil erosion in the Istria region (Croatia), we studied the impacts of different agriculture practices (vineyard, cropland, and olive orchard) on soil properties and runoff. The simulated rainfall was carried out at 58 mm h−1 in the summer of 2018 (30% soil water content) for 30 min on 0.785 m2 circular plots. The results showed that bulk density was significantly higher in cropland plots than in the vineyard and olive orchard. Soil organic matter, mean weight diameter, and aggregate stability were significantly higher in olive orchard plots than in the vineyard and cropland. Runoff and sediment losses were higher in olive orchard compared to vineyard plots. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses were highest in olive orchard plots with 3.9 kg ha-1, 405.2 g ha-1 and 73.6 g ha-1, respectively, while lower values were measured in the vineyard plots, where nutrients losses were lower with 0.9 kg ha-1, 73.8 g ha-1 and 6.5 g ha-1, respectively. No runoff was observed in cropland plots. Even with the highest measured values of runoff and erosion in the herbicide treated olive orchard, results indicate that both herbicide application and tillage represent a threat to the sustainability of Istrian soils. Vegetation cover on cropland reduces the runoff generation indicating the need for adoption of conservation strategies. In current management, vegetation removal should be avoided since it contributes to practice to reduce nutrient losses and increase the sustainability of the soils.

 

Keywords: Soil water erosion, Soil tillage, Rainfall simulation, Agriculture land management, Mediterranean

 

Acknowledgements

 

This work was supported by Croatian Science Foundation through the project "Soil erosion and degradation in Croatia" (UIP-2017-05-7834) (SEDCRO).

ACS Style

Igor Bogunovic; Leon Josip Telak; Paulo Pereira. Management-induced soil water erosion and nutrient losses in different land use in Mediterranean environment. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Igor Bogunovic, Leon Josip Telak, Paulo Pereira. Management-induced soil water erosion and nutrient losses in different land use in Mediterranean environment. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Bogunovic; Leon Josip Telak; Paulo Pereira. 2020. "Management-induced soil water erosion and nutrient losses in different land use in Mediterranean environment." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Fire is an important element of the ecosystems, nevertheless, high severity fires can have negative impacts on the ecosystems as consequence of the high temperatures reaches. High temperatures normally have detrimental impacts on soil properties. The objective of this work was to determine the relationship of spectral reflectance and soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonates (CaCO3) and total carbon (TC) content after a medium to high severity wildfire occurred in Croatia using linear and nonlinear calibration models.

Soils were sampled 2 days after a medium to high severity wildfire in Zadar County, Croatia. A total of 120 soil samples (0-5 cm) were collected from three different treatments (n= 40 per treatment): control (C), mean severity (MS), high severity (HS). Soil pH, EC, CaCO3 and TC content were determined using standard laboratory methods.  Soil spectral measurements were carried out using a portable spectroradiometer (20 per treatment, 60 in total). Linear statistical model - partial least squares regression (PLSR) and non-linear - artificial neural network (ANN) were generated to estimate changes in soil pH, EC, CaCO3 and TC content based on the original spectral reflectance and its first derivative in form of principal components (PC). One-way ANOVA revealed pH values were significantly different in all three treatments. EC, CaCO3 and TC were significantly higher in HS plots compared with the other treatments.

Different wildfire severity indicated very collinear soil spectral response, but with certain variations of reflectance intensity. Control samples showed a higher reflectance than MS and HS samples. This is attributed to the low pH and TC content. Low reflectance of MS and HS samples could be explained by their increased pH and TC values. Soil pH was the only parameter that showed a high R2 and low root mean squared error (RMSE) after Savitzky Golay smoothing and the first derivation. In PLSR model, strong to very strong correlation and low RMSE were obtained. ANN model also showed a high R2 and lower RMSE for all properties except pH. Both models showed satisfactory results for prediction of the studied soil properties. ANN model predicted EC, CaCO3, and TC better, while PLSR proved to be a better model for pH prediction.

Key words: soil reflectance, fire severity, principal components, partial least squares regression, neural networks

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Croatian Science Foundation through the project "Soil erosion and degradation in Croatia" (UIP-2017-05-7834) (SEDCRO).

ACS Style

Iva Hrelja; Ivana Šestak; Aleksandra Perčin; Paulo Pereira; Igor Bogunović. VNIR spectroscopy for assessment of post-fire impacts on soil properties using linear and non-linear calibration methods. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Iva Hrelja, Ivana Šestak, Aleksandra Perčin, Paulo Pereira, Igor Bogunović. VNIR spectroscopy for assessment of post-fire impacts on soil properties using linear and non-linear calibration methods. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iva Hrelja; Ivana Šestak; Aleksandra Perčin; Paulo Pereira; Igor Bogunović. 2020. "VNIR spectroscopy for assessment of post-fire impacts on soil properties using linear and non-linear calibration methods." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 10 March 2020
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The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of CO2 emission of two different croplands in Croatia (Šašinovec, 45° 50´ N; 16° 11´ E; soil type - Stagnosols) and in Hungary (Józsefmajor, 47° 40´ N; 19° 36´ E; Chernozems). The measurements of the soil water content (SWC), soil temperature (Ts), organic matter (OM) and CO2 flux was executed after the harvest of the soybean in both fields. In a regular grid (2 x 2 m and 2 x 3 m) 44 and 170 samples were collected from Croatian and Hungarian site, respectively. At Hungarian site Ts and SWC showed relatively high spatial heterogeneity, ranging from 19.4 to 24.6 oC, and from 7.5 to 34.1%, respectively. Content of soil OM had lower variability ranging from 2.0 to 2.4 % at Croatian and from 3.2 to 4.5 % at Hungarian site, respectively. CO2 efflux was 0.125 ± 0.078 and 0.060 ± 0.088 mg m- 2 s-1 in average at Croatian and Hungarian field, respectively. Investigated properties did not follow normal distribution, so logarithm transformation were applied before modelling. Kriging interpolation model for mapping soil properties is tested to compare the prediction accuracy. Soil maps showed sufficient concentrations of soil OM at Hungarian site and insufficient concentrations of OM at Croatian site. Soil CO2 efflux map showed that the largest part of the investigated area in Hungary have low loss of C, while loss of C at Croatian site is high. There are areas, especially wheeled rows, where CO2 emission is lower than the average value of the field at both investigated site. These low CO2 emission areas coincide with the compacted row of wheel tracks. For future management it is necessary to provide better conditioning of soil at Croatian site and adopt environmental friendly soil management at both sites. 

 

This work is supported by the Croatian-Hungarian Bilateral Project (2018-2.1.12-TÉT-HR-2018-00007) and the PD116084  and NKFIH131792 reseach project.

ACS Style

Eszter Toth; Márton Dencső; Györgyi Gelybó; János Mészáros; Zsófia Bakacsi; Ágota Horel; Leon Josip Telak; Marija Galic; Ivica Kisic; Igor Bogunovic. Spatial heterogeneity of CO2 emission in Hungarian and Croatian arable fields – preliminary results. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Eszter Toth, Márton Dencső, Györgyi Gelybó, János Mészáros, Zsófia Bakacsi, Ágota Horel, Leon Josip Telak, Marija Galic, Ivica Kisic, Igor Bogunovic. Spatial heterogeneity of CO2 emission in Hungarian and Croatian arable fields – preliminary results. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eszter Toth; Márton Dencső; Györgyi Gelybó; János Mészáros; Zsófia Bakacsi; Ágota Horel; Leon Josip Telak; Marija Galic; Ivica Kisic; Igor Bogunovic. 2020. "Spatial heterogeneity of CO2 emission in Hungarian and Croatian arable fields – preliminary results." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2020 in Agronomy
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The objective of this work is to study the effects of traditional land uses (vineyard, cropland, and olive orchard) on soil properties, overland flow, and sediment loss in the Istria region (Croatia), by using simulated rainfall. The results showed that soil bulk density (BD) was significantly higher in cropland plots compared to the vineyard and olive orchard. No differences were observed in soil water content (SWC) and mean weight diameter (MWD). Water stable aggregates (WSA), soil organic matter (SOM), and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly higher in the olive orchard compared to the other land uses. In cropland, during the experiment, we did not identify runoff or soil losses. Runoff (Run) and sediment loss (SL) were significantly higher in the olive orchard compared to the other plots. This was very likely a consequence of tillage practices in vertic soils, the use of herbicides, low vegetation cover, as well as the incorporation of hydrophobic organic matter in the soil matrix. The principal component analysis results showed that factor 1 explained the majority of the runoff and erosion variables. Erosion rates and nutrient losses were substantially different between olive orchard plots, and vineyard and cropland. Factor 2 showed that WSA was inversely related to the available phosphorus, water holding capacity, and sediment concentration. Management practices in the studied area should use minimum tilling frequency to have plant cover and avoid erosion.

ACS Style

Bogunovic Igor; Telak Leon Josip; Pereira Paulo. Agriculture Management Impacts on Soil Properties and Hydrological Response in Istria (Croatia). Agronomy 2020, 10, 282 .

AMA Style

Bogunovic Igor, Telak Leon Josip, Pereira Paulo. Agriculture Management Impacts on Soil Properties and Hydrological Response in Istria (Croatia). Agronomy. 2020; 10 (2):282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bogunovic Igor; Telak Leon Josip; Pereira Paulo. 2020. "Agriculture Management Impacts on Soil Properties and Hydrological Response in Istria (Croatia)." Agronomy 10, no. 2: 282.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Air, Soil and Water Research
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Soil and water loss in agricultural fields is a global problem. Although studies about soil erosion in croplands and vineyards exist, the direct comparison between these land uses is missing, especially under continental climates in Europe. Therefore, it is needed to find control measures to the impacts of these land-use management strategies on soil properties and hydrological response. The objective of this work is to estimate and compare the impacts of croplands and vineyards under conventional management croplands and vineyards on soil properties (water holding capacity—WHC; bulk density—BD; soil water content—SWC; water stable aggregates—WSA; mean weight diameter—MWD; soil organic matter—SOM; available phosphorus—AP; total nitrogen—TN) and hydrological response (runoff—Run; sediment content—SC; sediment loss—SL; carbon loss—C loss; phosphorus loss—P loss; nitrogen loss—N loss) in Eastern Croatia. To achieve these goals, a study was set up using rainfall simulation tests at 58 mm h−1 over 30 minutes on 2 locations (Zmajevac: 45°48′N; 18°46′E; Erdut: 45°30′N; 19°01′E). In total, 32 rainfall simulations were carried out, 8 repetitions in vineyards and 8 in cropland plots of 0.876 m2, per location. Bulk density was significantly higher in cropland plots compared with the vineyard. Soil water content was significantly higher in Zmajevac cropland compared with Erdut plots. Also, SWC was significantly lower in Zmajevac vineyard than in the cropland located in the same area. Water stable aggregates and MWD were significantly higher in vineyard plots than in the cropland. Also, SOM and TN were significantly lower in Zmajevac cropland compared with the vineyard located in the same area. Available phosphorus was significantly high in Zmajevac plots than in Erdut. The rainfall simulations showed that Run was significantly higher in Erdut vineyard (8.2 L m−2) compared with Zmajevac (3.8 L m−2). Also, the Run in Erdut Cropland was significantly lower than in the vineyard. Sediment content did not show significant differences among locations. In Erdut, vineyard plots had a significantly lower SL (28.0 g m−2) than the cropland ones (39.1 g m−2). C loss was significantly higher in Zmajevac cropland than in Erdut. Also, C loss was significantly lower in Zmajevac vineyard compared with the cropland. We did not observe significant differences in P loss, and N loss also did not show significant differences. The principal component analysis showed that SOM was associated with WSA, AP, and TN. These variables were negatively related to slope, SWC, and C loss (factor 1). Also, MWD was inversely related to SL, P, and N loss (factor 2). Bulk density and SC were negatively related to Run. Overall, we conclude that noninvertive tillage practices in vineyards preserve soil structure, enhance soil quality, and reduce the extent of soil degradation.

ACS Style

Igor Bogunovic; Leon Josip Telak; Paulo Pereira. Experimental Comparison of Runoff Generation and Initial Soil Erosion Between Vineyards and Croplands of Eastern Croatia: A Case Study. Air, Soil and Water Research 2020, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Igor Bogunovic, Leon Josip Telak, Paulo Pereira. Experimental Comparison of Runoff Generation and Initial Soil Erosion Between Vineyards and Croplands of Eastern Croatia: A Case Study. Air, Soil and Water Research. 2020; 13 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Bogunovic; Leon Josip Telak; Paulo Pereira. 2020. "Experimental Comparison of Runoff Generation and Initial Soil Erosion Between Vineyards and Croplands of Eastern Croatia: A Case Study." Air, Soil and Water Research 13, no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 20 September 2019 in Wastewater treatment and Reuse – Present and future perspectives in technological developments and management issues
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The increase in world population increases the pressure on soil resources and triggers land degradation. Agricultural and grazing environments are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to this process. Degradation affects importantly soil fertility. Millions of hectares are affected and soil productivity is endangered. This decreases soil ability to provide ecosystem services in quantity and quality. Managers and decision-makers should be open to adopt environmentally-friendly practices and contribute to land degradation neutrality. This chapter focuses on the problems induced by some of the most common soil degradation processes caused by in agriculture and grazing activities. Review the main causes of degradation: depletion of organic matter and biological diversity, structural stability, erosion, compaction, crusting, acidification, alkalization and salinization. Each process (subsection) has a description of the negative impacts of agriculture and grazing activities and potential solutions for sustainable management and restoration.

ACS Style

Igor Bogunovic; Manuel Pulido Fernández; Ivica Kisic; Maria Burguet Marimón. Agriculture and grazing environments. Wastewater treatment and Reuse – Present and future perspectives in technological developments and management issues 2019, 4, 23 -70.

AMA Style

Igor Bogunovic, Manuel Pulido Fernández, Ivica Kisic, Maria Burguet Marimón. Agriculture and grazing environments. Wastewater treatment and Reuse – Present and future perspectives in technological developments and management issues. 2019; 4 ():23-70.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Bogunovic; Manuel Pulido Fernández; Ivica Kisic; Maria Burguet Marimón. 2019. "Agriculture and grazing environments." Wastewater treatment and Reuse – Present and future perspectives in technological developments and management issues 4, no. : 23-70.