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Changes in climate are expected to alter fire regimes, with critical implications in soils and ecosystems. Biological soil crusts or biocrusts are communities of photosynthetic organisms (cyanobacteria, bryophytes, lichens and/or microalgae), and associated bacteria, archaea, and fungi, that have important ecological and biological roles. Recent research has demonstrated that biocrust cyanobacteria and fire mosses can ameliorate some of the most serious problems in burned areas - soil erosion, hydrological disfunction and flooding soils. Novel approaches for ex-situ cultivation and inoculation are now being developed, opening untapped possibilities for using these communities in large-scale post-fire restoration. In this review, we highlight the important roles of biocrusts and discuss their potential for improving soil fertility and stability in post-fire ecosystems.
Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Nathali Maria Machado de Lima; Sonia Chamizo; Matthew A. Bowker. Restoring post-fire ecosystems with biocrusts: Living, photosynthetic soil surfaces. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 2021, 23, 100273 .
AMA StyleMiriam Muñoz-Rojas, Nathali Maria Machado de Lima, Sonia Chamizo, Matthew A. Bowker. Restoring post-fire ecosystems with biocrusts: Living, photosynthetic soil surfaces. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health. 2021; 23 ():100273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Muñoz-Rojas; Nathali Maria Machado de Lima; Sonia Chamizo; Matthew A. Bowker. 2021. "Restoring post-fire ecosystems with biocrusts: Living, photosynthetic soil surfaces." Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 23, no. : 100273.
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids thus fail to reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions are controlled and most terrestrial species reside. Here we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all of the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding 2 m gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (3.6 ± 2.3°C warmer than gridded air temperature), whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (0.7 ± 2.3°C cooler). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets underpin that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining global gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Jonas Lembrechts; Johan Van Den Hoogen; Juha Aalto; Michael Ashcroft; Pieter De Frenne; Julia Kemppinen; Martin Kopecký; Miska Luoto; Ilya M. D. Maclean; Thomas Ward Crowther; Joseph J. Bailey; Stef Haesen; David H. Klinges; Pekka Niittynen; Brett Scheffers; Koenraad Van Meerbeek; Peter Aartsma; Otar Abdalaze; Mehdi Abedi; Rien Aerts; Negar Ahmadian; Antje Ahrends; Juha M. Alatalo; Jake M. Alexander; Camille Nina Allonsius; Jan Altman; Christof Ammann; Christian Andres; Christopher Andrews; Jonas Ardö; Nicola Arriga; Alberto Arzac; Valeria Aschero; Rafael L. Assis; Jakob Johann Assmann; Maaike Y. Bader; Khadijeh Bahalkeh; Peter Barančok; Isabel C. Barrio; Agustina Barros; Matti Barthel; Edmund W. Basham; Marijn Bauters; Manuele Bazzichetto; Luca Belelli Marchesini; Michael C. Bell; Juan C. Benavides; José-Luis Benito-Alonso; Bernd J. Berauer; Jarle Werner Bjerke; Robert G. Björk; Mats P. Björkman; Katrin Bjornsdottir; Benjamin Blonder; Pascal Boeckx; Julia Boike; Stef Bokhorst; Barbara N. S. Brum; Josef Bruna; Nina Buchmann; Pauline Buysse; José Luís Camargo; Otávio C. Campoe; Onur Candan; Rafaella Canessa; Nicoletta Cannone; Michele Carbognani; Jofre Carnicer; Angélica Casanova-Katny; Simone Cesarz; Bogdan Chojnicki; Philippe Choler; Steven Chown; Edgar F. Cifuentes; Marek Čiliak; Tamara Contador; Peter Convey; Elisabeth Cooper; Edoardo Cremonese; Salvatore R. Curasi; Robin Curtis; Maurizio Cutini; C. Johan Dahlberg; Gergana N. Daskalova; Miguel Angel de Pablo; Stefano Della Chiesa; Jürgen Dengler; Bart Deronde; Patrice Descombes; Valter Di Cecco; Michele Di Musciano; Jan Dick; Romina D. Dimarco; Jiri Dolezal; Ellen Dorrepaal; Jiří Dušek; Nico Eisenhauer; Hamid Ejtehadi; Lars Eklundh; Brian Joseph Enquist; Mohammad Bagher Erfanian; Todd E. Erickson; Brigitta Erschbamer; Werner Eugster; Robert M. Ewers; Dan A. Exton; Nicolas Fanin; Fatih Fazlioglu; Iris Feigenwinter; Giuseppe Fenu; Olga Ferlian; M. Rosa Fernández Calzado; Eduardo Fernández-Pascual; Manfred Finckh; Rebecca Finger Higgens; T'Ai G. W. Forte; Erika C. Freeman; Esther R. Frei; Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo; Rafael A. García; María B. García; Charly Géron; Mana Gharun; Dany Ghosn; Khatuna Gigauri; Anne Gobin; Ignacio Goded; Mathias Goeckede; Felix Gottschall; Keith Goulding; Sanne Govaert; Bente Jessen Graae; Sarah Greenwood; Caroline Greise; Achim Grelle; Benoit Guénard; Mauro Guglielmin; Joannès Guillemot; Peter Haase; Sylvia Haider; Aud H. Halbritter; Maroof Hamid; Albin Hammerle; Arndt Hampe; Siri V. Haugum; Lucia Hederová; Bernard Heinesch; Carole Helfter; Daniel Hepenstrick; Maximiliane Herberich; Mathias Herbst; Luise Hermanutz; David S. Hik; Raúl Hoffrén; Jürgen Homeier; Lukas Hörtnagl; Toke T. Høye; Filip Hrbacek; Kristoffer Hylander; Hiroki Iwata; Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski; Hervé Jactel; Järvi Järveoja; Janusz Olejnik; Szymon Jastrzebowski; Anke Jentsch; Juan J. Jimenez; Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir; José João L. L. Souza; Tommaso Jucker; Alistair S. Jump; Radoslaw Juszczak; Róbert Kanka; Vít Kašpar; George Kazakis; Julia Kelly; Anzar A. Khuroo; Leif Klemedtsson; Marcin Klisz; Natascha Kljun; Alexander Knohl; Johannes Kobler; Jozef Kollár; Olaf Kolle; Martyna M. Kotowska; Bence Kovács; Juergen Kreyling; Andrea Lamprecht; Simone I. Lang; Christian Larson; Keith Larson; Kamil Laska; Guerric le Maire; Rachel I. Leihy; Luc Lens; Bengt Liljebladh; Annalea Lohila; Juan Lorite; Benjamin Loubet; Joshua Lynn; Martin Macek; Roy Mackenzie; Enzo Magliulo; Regine Maier; Francesco Malfasi; František Máliš; Matěj Man; Giovanni Manca; Antonio Manco; Tanguy Manise; Paraskevi Manolaki; Felipe Marciniak; Marianna Nardino; Radim Matula; Ana Clara Mazzolari; Sergiy Medinets; Volodymyr Medinets; Camille Meeussen; Sonia Merinero; Rita De Cássia Guimarães Mesquita; Katrin Meusburger; Filip Meysman; Sean T. Michaletz; Ann Milbau; Dmitry Moiseev; Pavel Moiseev; Andrea Mondoni; Leonardo Montagnani; Mikel Moriana-Armendariz; Umberto Morra di Cella; Martin Mörsdorf; Jonathan R. Mosedale; Lena Muffler; Miriam Munoz-Rojas; Jonathan A. Myers; Isla Heather Myers-Smith; Laszlo Nagy; Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis; Emily Newling; Lena Nicklas; Georg Niedrist; Armin Niessner; Matts B. Nilsson; Signe Normand; Marcelo D. Nosetto; Yann Nouvellon; Martin A. Nuñez; Romà Ogaya; Jérôme Ogée; Joseph Okello; Jørgen Eivind Olesen; Øystein Opedal; Simone Orsenigo; Andrej Palaj; Timo Pampuch; Alexey V. Panov; Meelis Pärtel; Ada Pastor; Aníbal Pauchard; Harald Pauli; Marian Pavelka; William D. Pearse; Matthias Peichl; Loïc Pellissier; Rachel M. Penczykowski; Josep Penuelas; Matteo Petit Bon; Alessandro Petraglia; Shyam S. Phartyal; Gareth K. Phoenix; Casimiro Pio; Andrea Pitacco; Camille Pitteloud; Roman Plichta; Francesco Porro; Miguel Portillo-Estrada; Jérôme Poulenard; Rafael Poyatos; Anatoly S. Prokushkin; Radoslaw Puchalka; Mihai Pușcaș; Dajana Radujković; Krystal Randall; Amanda Ratier Backes; Sabine Remmele; Wolfram Remmers; David Renault; Anita C. Risch; Christian Rixen; Sharon Robinson; Bjorn J. M. Robroek; Adrian Rocha; Christian Rossi; Graziano Rossi; Olivier Roupsard; Alexey V. Rubtsov; Patrick Saccone; Clotilde Sagot; Jhonatan Sallo-Bravo; Cinthya C. Santos; Judith M. Sarneel; Tobias Scharnweber; Jonas Schmeddes; Marius Schmidt; Thomas Scholten; Max Schuchardt; Naomi Schwartz; Tony Scott; Julia Seeber; Ana Cristina Segalin de Andrade; Tim Seipel; Philipp R. Semenchuk; Rebecca Anne Senior; Josep M. Serra-Diaz; Piotr Sewerniak; Ankit Shekhar; Nikita V. Sidenko; Lukas Siebicke; Laura Siegwart Collier; Elizabeth Simpson; David Siqueira; Zuzana Sitková; Johan Six; Marko Smiljanic; Stuart W. Smith; Sarah Smith-Tripp; Ben Somers; Mia Vedel Sørensen; Bartolomeu Israel Souza; Arildo Souza Dias; Marko J. Spasojevic; James D. M. Speed; Fabien Spicher; Angela Stanisci; Klaus Steinbauer; Rainer Steinbrecher; Michael Steinwandter; Michael Stemkovski; Jörg G. Stephan; Christian Stiegler; Stefan Stoll; Martin Svátek; Miroslav Svoboda; Torbern Tagesson; Andrew J Tanentzap; Franziska Tanneberger; Jean-Paul Theurillat; Haydn Thomas; Andrew Thomas; Katja Tielbörger; Marcello Tomaselli; Urs Albert Treier; Mario Trouillier; Pavel Dan Turtureanu; Rosamond Tutton; Vilna A. Tyystjärvi; Masahito Ueyama; Karol Ujházy; Mariana Ujházyová; Domas Uogintas; Anastasiya Vladimirovna Urban; Josef Urban; Marek Urbaniak; Tudor-Mihai Ursu; Francesco Primo Vaccari; Stijn Van de Vondel; Liesbeth Van Den Brink; Maarten Van Geel; Vigdis Vandvik; Pieter Vangansbeke; Andrej Varlagin; G. F. Veen; Elmar Veenendaal; Susanna E. Venn; Hans Verbeeck; Erik Verbruggen; Frank G. A. Verheijen; Luis Villar; Luca Vitale; Pascal Vittoz; Maria Vives-Ingla; Jonathan von Oppen; Josefine Walz; Runxi Wang; Yifeng Wang; Robert G. Way; Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner; Robert Weigel; Jan Wild; Matthew Wilkinson; Martin Wilmking; Lisa Wingate; Manuela Winkler; Sonja Wipf; Georg Wohlfahrt; Georgios Xenakis; Yan Yang; Zicheng Yu; Kailiang Yu; Florian Zellweger; Jian Zhang; Zhaochen Zhang; Peng Zhao; Klaudia Ziemblińska; Reiner Zimmermann; Shengwei Zong; Viacheslav I. Zyryanov; Ivan Nijs; Jonathan Lenoir. Global maps of soil temperature. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJonas Lembrechts, Johan Van Den Hoogen, Juha Aalto, Michael Ashcroft, Pieter De Frenne, Julia Kemppinen, Martin Kopecký, Miska Luoto, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Thomas Ward Crowther, Joseph J. Bailey, Stef Haesen, David H. Klinges, Pekka Niittynen, Brett Scheffers, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Peter Aartsma, Otar Abdalaze, Mehdi Abedi, Rien Aerts, Negar Ahmadian, Antje Ahrends, Juha M. Alatalo, Jake M. Alexander, Camille Nina Allonsius, Jan Altman, Christof Ammann, Christian Andres, Christopher Andrews, Jonas Ardö, Nicola Arriga, Alberto Arzac, Valeria Aschero, Rafael L. Assis, Jakob Johann Assmann, Maaike Y. Bader, Khadijeh Bahalkeh, Peter Barančok, Isabel C. Barrio, Agustina Barros, Matti Barthel, Edmund W. Basham, Marijn Bauters, Manuele Bazzichetto, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Michael C. Bell, Juan C. Benavides, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Bernd J. Berauer, Jarle Werner Bjerke, Robert G. Björk, Mats P. Björkman, Katrin Bjornsdottir, Benjamin Blonder, Pascal Boeckx, Julia Boike, Stef Bokhorst, Barbara N. S. Brum, Josef Bruna, Nina Buchmann, Pauline Buysse, José Luís Camargo, Otávio C. Campoe, Onur Candan, Rafaella Canessa, Nicoletta Cannone, Michele Carbognani, Jofre Carnicer, Angélica Casanova-Katny, Simone Cesarz, Bogdan Chojnicki, Philippe Choler, Steven Chown, Edgar F. Cifuentes, Marek Čiliak, Tamara Contador, Peter Convey, Elisabeth Cooper, Edoardo Cremonese, Salvatore R. Curasi, Robin Curtis, Maurizio Cutini, C. Johan Dahlberg, Gergana N. Daskalova, Miguel Angel de Pablo, Stefano Della Chiesa, Jürgen Dengler, Bart Deronde, Patrice Descombes, Valter Di Cecco, Michele Di Musciano, Jan Dick, Romina D. Dimarco, Jiri Dolezal, Ellen Dorrepaal, Jiří Dušek, Nico Eisenhauer, Hamid Ejtehadi, Lars Eklundh, Brian Joseph Enquist, Mohammad Bagher Erfanian, Todd E. Erickson, Brigitta Erschbamer, Werner Eugster, Robert M. Ewers, Dan A. Exton, Nicolas Fanin, Fatih Fazlioglu, Iris Feigenwinter, Giuseppe Fenu, Olga Ferlian, M. Rosa Fernández Calzado, Eduardo Fernández-Pascual, Manfred Finckh, Rebecca Finger Higgens, T'Ai G. W. Forte, Erika C. Freeman, Esther R. Frei, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Rafael A. García, María B. García, Charly Géron, Mana Gharun, Dany Ghosn, Khatuna Gigauri, Anne Gobin, Ignacio Goded, Mathias Goeckede, Felix Gottschall, Keith Goulding, Sanne Govaert, Bente Jessen Graae, Sarah Greenwood, Caroline Greise, Achim Grelle, Benoit Guénard, Mauro Guglielmin, Joannès Guillemot, Peter Haase, Sylvia Haider, Aud H. Halbritter, Maroof Hamid, Albin Hammerle, Arndt Hampe, Siri V. Haugum, Lucia Hederová, Bernard Heinesch, Carole Helfter, Daniel Hepenstrick, Maximiliane Herberich, Mathias Herbst, Luise Hermanutz, David S. Hik, Raúl Hoffrén, Jürgen Homeier, Lukas Hörtnagl, Toke T. Høye, Filip Hrbacek, Kristoffer Hylander, Hiroki Iwata, Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Hervé Jactel, Järvi Järveoja, Janusz Olejnik, Szymon Jastrzebowski, Anke Jentsch, Juan J. Jimenez, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, José João L. L. Souza, Tommaso Jucker, Alistair S. Jump, Radoslaw Juszczak, Róbert Kanka, Vít Kašpar, George Kazakis, Julia Kelly, Anzar A. Khuroo, Leif Klemedtsson, Marcin Klisz, Natascha Kljun, Alexander Knohl, Johannes Kobler, Jozef Kollár, Olaf Kolle, Martyna M. Kotowska, Bence Kovács, Juergen Kreyling, Andrea Lamprecht, Simone I. Lang, Christian Larson, Keith Larson, Kamil Laska, Guerric le Maire, Rachel I. Leihy, Luc Lens, Bengt Liljebladh, Annalea Lohila, Juan Lorite, Benjamin Loubet, Joshua Lynn, Martin Macek, Roy Mackenzie, Enzo Magliulo, Regine Maier, Francesco Malfasi, František Máliš, Matěj Man, Giovanni Manca, Antonio Manco, Tanguy Manise, Paraskevi Manolaki, Felipe Marciniak, Marianna Nardino, Radim Matula, Ana Clara Mazzolari, Sergiy Medinets, Volodymyr Medinets, Camille Meeussen, Sonia Merinero, Rita De Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Katrin Meusburger, Filip Meysman, Sean T. Michaletz, Ann Milbau, Dmitry Moiseev, Pavel Moiseev, Andrea Mondoni, Leonardo Montagnani, Mikel Moriana-Armendariz, Umberto Morra di Cella, Martin Mörsdorf, Jonathan R. Mosedale, Lena Muffler, Miriam Munoz-Rojas, Jonathan A. Myers, Isla Heather Myers-Smith, Laszlo Nagy, Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis, Emily Newling, Lena Nicklas, Georg Niedrist, Armin Niessner, Matts B. Nilsson, Signe Normand, Marcelo D. Nosetto, Yann Nouvellon, Martin A. Nuñez, Romà Ogaya, Jérôme Ogée, Joseph Okello, Jørgen Eivind Olesen, Øystein Opedal, Simone Orsenigo, Andrej Palaj, Timo Pampuch, Alexey V. Panov, Meelis Pärtel, Ada Pastor, Aníbal Pauchard, Harald Pauli, Marian Pavelka, William D. Pearse, Matthias Peichl, Loïc Pellissier, Rachel M. Penczykowski, Josep Penuelas, Matteo Petit Bon, Alessandro Petraglia, Shyam S. Phartyal, Gareth K. Phoenix, Casimiro Pio, Andrea Pitacco, Camille Pitteloud, Roman Plichta, Francesco Porro, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Jérôme Poulenard, Rafael Poyatos, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Radoslaw Puchalka, Mihai Pușcaș, Dajana Radujković, Krystal Randall, Amanda Ratier Backes, Sabine Remmele, Wolfram Remmers, David Renault, Anita C. Risch, Christian Rixen, Sharon Robinson, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Adrian Rocha, Christian Rossi, Graziano Rossi, Olivier Roupsard, Alexey V. Rubtsov, Patrick Saccone, Clotilde Sagot, Jhonatan Sallo-Bravo, Cinthya C. Santos, Judith M. Sarneel, Tobias Scharnweber, Jonas Schmeddes, Marius Schmidt, Thomas Scholten, Max Schuchardt, Naomi Schwartz, Tony Scott, Julia Seeber, Ana Cristina Segalin de Andrade, Tim Seipel, Philipp R. Semenchuk, Rebecca Anne Senior, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Piotr Sewerniak, Ankit Shekhar, Nikita V. Sidenko, Lukas Siebicke, Laura Siegwart Collier, Elizabeth Simpson, David Siqueira, Zuzana Sitková, Johan Six, Marko Smiljanic, Stuart W. Smith, Sarah Smith-Tripp, Ben Somers, Mia Vedel Sørensen, Bartolomeu Israel Souza, Arildo Souza Dias, Marko J. Spasojevic, James D. M. Speed, Fabien Spicher, Angela Stanisci, Klaus Steinbauer, Rainer Steinbrecher, Michael Steinwandter, Michael Stemkovski, Jörg G. Stephan, Christian Stiegler, Stefan Stoll, Martin Svátek, Miroslav Svoboda, Torbern Tagesson, Andrew J Tanentzap, Franziska Tanneberger, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Haydn Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Katja Tielbörger, Marcello Tomaselli, Urs Albert Treier, Mario Trouillier, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Rosamond Tutton, Vilna A. Tyystjärvi, Masahito Ueyama, Karol Ujházy, Mariana Ujházyová, Domas Uogintas, Anastasiya Vladimirovna Urban, Josef Urban, Marek Urbaniak, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Francesco Primo Vaccari, Stijn Van de Vondel, Liesbeth Van Den Brink, Maarten Van Geel, Vigdis Vandvik, Pieter Vangansbeke, Andrej Varlagin, G. F. Veen, Elmar Veenendaal, Susanna E. Venn, Hans Verbeeck, Erik Verbruggen, Frank G. A. Verheijen, Luis Villar, Luca Vitale, Pascal Vittoz, Maria Vives-Ingla, Jonathan von Oppen, Josefine Walz, Runxi Wang, Yifeng Wang, Robert G. Way, Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner, Robert Weigel, Jan Wild, Matthew Wilkinson, Martin Wilmking, Lisa Wingate, Manuela Winkler, Sonja Wipf, Georg Wohlfahrt, Georgios Xenakis, Yan Yang, Zicheng Yu, Kailiang Yu, Florian Zellweger, Jian Zhang, Zhaochen Zhang, Peng Zhao, Klaudia Ziemblińska, Reiner Zimmermann, Shengwei Zong, Viacheslav I. Zyryanov, Ivan Nijs, Jonathan Lenoir. Global maps of soil temperature. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonas Lembrechts; Johan Van Den Hoogen; Juha Aalto; Michael Ashcroft; Pieter De Frenne; Julia Kemppinen; Martin Kopecký; Miska Luoto; Ilya M. D. Maclean; Thomas Ward Crowther; Joseph J. Bailey; Stef Haesen; David H. Klinges; Pekka Niittynen; Brett Scheffers; Koenraad Van Meerbeek; Peter Aartsma; Otar Abdalaze; Mehdi Abedi; Rien Aerts; Negar Ahmadian; Antje Ahrends; Juha M. Alatalo; Jake M. Alexander; Camille Nina Allonsius; Jan Altman; Christof Ammann; Christian Andres; Christopher Andrews; Jonas Ardö; Nicola Arriga; Alberto Arzac; Valeria Aschero; Rafael L. Assis; Jakob Johann Assmann; Maaike Y. Bader; Khadijeh Bahalkeh; Peter Barančok; Isabel C. Barrio; Agustina Barros; Matti Barthel; Edmund W. Basham; Marijn Bauters; Manuele Bazzichetto; Luca Belelli Marchesini; Michael C. Bell; Juan C. Benavides; José-Luis Benito-Alonso; Bernd J. Berauer; Jarle Werner Bjerke; Robert G. Björk; Mats P. Björkman; Katrin Bjornsdottir; Benjamin Blonder; Pascal Boeckx; Julia Boike; Stef Bokhorst; Barbara N. S. Brum; Josef Bruna; Nina Buchmann; Pauline Buysse; José Luís Camargo; Otávio C. Campoe; Onur Candan; Rafaella Canessa; Nicoletta Cannone; Michele Carbognani; Jofre Carnicer; Angélica Casanova-Katny; Simone Cesarz; Bogdan Chojnicki; Philippe Choler; Steven Chown; Edgar F. Cifuentes; Marek Čiliak; Tamara Contador; Peter Convey; Elisabeth Cooper; Edoardo Cremonese; Salvatore R. Curasi; Robin Curtis; Maurizio Cutini; C. Johan Dahlberg; Gergana N. Daskalova; Miguel Angel de Pablo; Stefano Della Chiesa; Jürgen Dengler; Bart Deronde; Patrice Descombes; Valter Di Cecco; Michele Di Musciano; Jan Dick; Romina D. Dimarco; Jiri Dolezal; Ellen Dorrepaal; Jiří Dušek; Nico Eisenhauer; Hamid Ejtehadi; Lars Eklundh; Brian Joseph Enquist; Mohammad Bagher Erfanian; Todd E. Erickson; Brigitta Erschbamer; Werner Eugster; Robert M. Ewers; Dan A. Exton; Nicolas Fanin; Fatih Fazlioglu; Iris Feigenwinter; Giuseppe Fenu; Olga Ferlian; M. Rosa Fernández Calzado; Eduardo Fernández-Pascual; Manfred Finckh; Rebecca Finger Higgens; T'Ai G. W. Forte; Erika C. Freeman; Esther R. Frei; Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo; Rafael A. García; María B. García; Charly Géron; Mana Gharun; Dany Ghosn; Khatuna Gigauri; Anne Gobin; Ignacio Goded; Mathias Goeckede; Felix Gottschall; Keith Goulding; Sanne Govaert; Bente Jessen Graae; Sarah Greenwood; Caroline Greise; Achim Grelle; Benoit Guénard; Mauro Guglielmin; Joannès Guillemot; Peter Haase; Sylvia Haider; Aud H. Halbritter; Maroof Hamid; Albin Hammerle; Arndt Hampe; Siri V. Haugum; Lucia Hederová; Bernard Heinesch; Carole Helfter; Daniel Hepenstrick; Maximiliane Herberich; Mathias Herbst; Luise Hermanutz; David S. Hik; Raúl Hoffrén; Jürgen Homeier; Lukas Hörtnagl; Toke T. Høye; Filip Hrbacek; Kristoffer Hylander; Hiroki Iwata; Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski; Hervé Jactel; Järvi Järveoja; Janusz Olejnik; Szymon Jastrzebowski; Anke Jentsch; Juan J. Jimenez; Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir; José João L. L. Souza; Tommaso Jucker; Alistair S. Jump; Radoslaw Juszczak; Róbert Kanka; Vít Kašpar; George Kazakis; Julia Kelly; Anzar A. Khuroo; Leif Klemedtsson; Marcin Klisz; Natascha Kljun; Alexander Knohl; Johannes Kobler; Jozef Kollár; Olaf Kolle; Martyna M. Kotowska; Bence Kovács; Juergen Kreyling; Andrea Lamprecht; Simone I. Lang; Christian Larson; Keith Larson; Kamil Laska; Guerric le Maire; Rachel I. Leihy; Luc Lens; Bengt Liljebladh; Annalea Lohila; Juan Lorite; Benjamin Loubet; Joshua Lynn; Martin Macek; Roy Mackenzie; Enzo Magliulo; Regine Maier; Francesco Malfasi; František Máliš; Matěj Man; Giovanni Manca; Antonio Manco; Tanguy Manise; Paraskevi Manolaki; Felipe Marciniak; Marianna Nardino; Radim Matula; Ana Clara Mazzolari; Sergiy Medinets; Volodymyr Medinets; Camille Meeussen; Sonia Merinero; Rita De Cássia Guimarães Mesquita; Katrin Meusburger; Filip Meysman; Sean T. Michaletz; Ann Milbau; Dmitry Moiseev; Pavel Moiseev; Andrea Mondoni; Leonardo Montagnani; Mikel Moriana-Armendariz; Umberto Morra di Cella; Martin Mörsdorf; Jonathan R. Mosedale; Lena Muffler; Miriam Munoz-Rojas; Jonathan A. Myers; Isla Heather Myers-Smith; Laszlo Nagy; Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis; Emily Newling; Lena Nicklas; Georg Niedrist; Armin Niessner; Matts B. Nilsson; Signe Normand; Marcelo D. Nosetto; Yann Nouvellon; Martin A. Nuñez; Romà Ogaya; Jérôme Ogée; Joseph Okello; Jørgen Eivind Olesen; Øystein Opedal; Simone Orsenigo; Andrej Palaj; Timo Pampuch; Alexey V. Panov; Meelis Pärtel; Ada Pastor; Aníbal Pauchard; Harald Pauli; Marian Pavelka; William D. Pearse; Matthias Peichl; Loïc Pellissier; Rachel M. Penczykowski; Josep Penuelas; Matteo Petit Bon; Alessandro Petraglia; Shyam S. Phartyal; Gareth K. Phoenix; Casimiro Pio; Andrea Pitacco; Camille Pitteloud; Roman Plichta; Francesco Porro; Miguel Portillo-Estrada; Jérôme Poulenard; Rafael Poyatos; Anatoly S. Prokushkin; Radoslaw Puchalka; Mihai Pușcaș; Dajana Radujković; Krystal Randall; Amanda Ratier Backes; Sabine Remmele; Wolfram Remmers; David Renault; Anita C. Risch; Christian Rixen; Sharon Robinson; Bjorn J. M. Robroek; Adrian Rocha; Christian Rossi; Graziano Rossi; Olivier Roupsard; Alexey V. Rubtsov; Patrick Saccone; Clotilde Sagot; Jhonatan Sallo-Bravo; Cinthya C. Santos; Judith M. Sarneel; Tobias Scharnweber; Jonas Schmeddes; Marius Schmidt; Thomas Scholten; Max Schuchardt; Naomi Schwartz; Tony Scott; Julia Seeber; Ana Cristina Segalin de Andrade; Tim Seipel; Philipp R. Semenchuk; Rebecca Anne Senior; Josep M. Serra-Diaz; Piotr Sewerniak; Ankit Shekhar; Nikita V. Sidenko; Lukas Siebicke; Laura Siegwart Collier; Elizabeth Simpson; David Siqueira; Zuzana Sitková; Johan Six; Marko Smiljanic; Stuart W. Smith; Sarah Smith-Tripp; Ben Somers; Mia Vedel Sørensen; Bartolomeu Israel Souza; Arildo Souza Dias; Marko J. Spasojevic; James D. M. Speed; Fabien Spicher; Angela Stanisci; Klaus Steinbauer; Rainer Steinbrecher; Michael Steinwandter; Michael Stemkovski; Jörg G. Stephan; Christian Stiegler; Stefan Stoll; Martin Svátek; Miroslav Svoboda; Torbern Tagesson; Andrew J Tanentzap; Franziska Tanneberger; Jean-Paul Theurillat; Haydn Thomas; Andrew Thomas; Katja Tielbörger; Marcello Tomaselli; Urs Albert Treier; Mario Trouillier; Pavel Dan Turtureanu; Rosamond Tutton; Vilna A. Tyystjärvi; Masahito Ueyama; Karol Ujházy; Mariana Ujházyová; Domas Uogintas; Anastasiya Vladimirovna Urban; Josef Urban; Marek Urbaniak; Tudor-Mihai Ursu; Francesco Primo Vaccari; Stijn Van de Vondel; Liesbeth Van Den Brink; Maarten Van Geel; Vigdis Vandvik; Pieter Vangansbeke; Andrej Varlagin; G. F. Veen; Elmar Veenendaal; Susanna E. Venn; Hans Verbeeck; Erik Verbruggen; Frank G. A. Verheijen; Luis Villar; Luca Vitale; Pascal Vittoz; Maria Vives-Ingla; Jonathan von Oppen; Josefine Walz; Runxi Wang; Yifeng Wang; Robert G. Way; Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner; Robert Weigel; Jan Wild; Matthew Wilkinson; Martin Wilmking; Lisa Wingate; Manuela Winkler; Sonja Wipf; Georg Wohlfahrt; Georgios Xenakis; Yan Yang; Zicheng Yu; Kailiang Yu; Florian Zellweger; Jian Zhang; Zhaochen Zhang; Peng Zhao; Klaudia Ziemblińska; Reiner Zimmermann; Shengwei Zong; Viacheslav I. Zyryanov; Ivan Nijs; Jonathan Lenoir. 2021. "Global maps of soil temperature." , no. : 1.
Seed-based ecosystem restoration has huge potential to restore degraded lands but currently less than 10 % of directly sown seeds successfully establish in drylands. Soil microbial communities are important for improving plant establishment in degraded land. However, current methods such as soil translocation can potentially disturb the donor site. In this study, we investigated a novel non-destructive method for improving seedling growth of native plants used in restoration through seed-soil-microbial pelleting. We assessed seedling emergence and survival of Triodia epactia and Acacia inaequilatera seeds inoculated with whole soil bacteria and cyanobacteria consortia retrieved and isolated from a pristine ecosystem. A field experiment was set-up in a 35m x 40m purpose-built rain exclusion shelter that contained reconstructed soil profiles typically encountered in mine rehabilitation programs of Australia’s arid north-west. We hypothesized that inoculated seed-soil pellets would improve seedling emergence and survival of these species. After three weeks of planting, seedling emergence in microbially inoculated Acaciainaequilatera and Triodia epactia were 48% and 55% higher than non-inoculated seeds in bacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively. We also tested whether the use of cyanobacteria consortia as inocula promoted higher seedling emergence over whole soil bacteria. We found that there was no significant difference in seedling emergence between the microbial taxa. We show that, improving the diversity of soil microorganisms improves seedling emergence and the seed-soil pellet method used is viable to improve seed-based restoration outcomes.
Key words: Seed-based restoration, microbial community, cyanobacteria, bacteria community, seedling emergence.
Frederick Dadzie; Angela Moles; Todd Erickson; Miriam Munoz-Rojas. Native bacteria and cyanobacteria consortia improve seedling emergence and establishment in dryland restoration. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleFrederick Dadzie, Angela Moles, Todd Erickson, Miriam Munoz-Rojas. Native bacteria and cyanobacteria consortia improve seedling emergence and establishment in dryland restoration. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrederick Dadzie; Angela Moles; Todd Erickson; Miriam Munoz-Rojas. 2021. "Native bacteria and cyanobacteria consortia improve seedling emergence and establishment in dryland restoration." , no. : 1.
Arid and semi-arid (from hereafter dryland) ecosystems cover 70% of Australia, with climate change set to increase this area through desertification. Increased temperatures and reduced water availability are compounded through agricultural overgrazing. This degradation and habitat loss has led to biodiversity loss which disrupts the biogeochemical cycles that maintain these environments, creating a negative feedback loop, and making restoration efforts largely unsuccessful. With soil microbes being important drivers in dryland systems, understanding how different stressors impact the soil biome is needed to improve conservation and restoration efforts and promote resilience and resistance to climate change. Particularly lacking is understanding of these interactions over time.
Fowlers Gap Research Station is the only research station in the arid zone of Australia and was a working sheep station until 2019. Due to agricultural overgrazing the site is largely degraded however exclusion zones have been set up on the property ranging in time from 3 years to 40 years. These exclusion zones provide a powerful comparison for the impact of soil degradation on drylands. To investigate the impact of overgrazing on the soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions, we selected three of the exclusion zones paired with three degraded sites directly outside of the exclusion zone to assess their microbial composition and functional diversity, along with soil physicochemical properties. We aim to build 16S rRNA gene libraries and co-relate them with the soil chemical variables, to assess the impact of overgrazing on these microbial communities and the ecosystem functions they provide. This knowledge can be used to improve monitoring of conservation and restoration initiatives by providing environmental indicators for soil health over time.
Jana Stewart; Nathali Machado de Lima; Richard Kingsford; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Soil microbial responses to passive restoration strategies in drylands: a temporal comparison of soil biodiversity and ecosystem function. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJana Stewart, Nathali Machado de Lima, Richard Kingsford, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Soil microbial responses to passive restoration strategies in drylands: a temporal comparison of soil biodiversity and ecosystem function. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJana Stewart; Nathali Machado de Lima; Richard Kingsford; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. 2021. "Soil microbial responses to passive restoration strategies in drylands: a temporal comparison of soil biodiversity and ecosystem function." , no. : 1.
Climate change, at the rate at which it is occurring, is having devastating impacts around the globe. In Australia, climate change has led to rising fire frequency, fire severity, area burned, and area susceptible to burning. These changes are causing a net loss of soil functionality across the country, thus threatening Australia’s agricultural productivity, ecosystem biodiversity, resiliency to climate disasters, clean air and water, and copious other ecosystem services. As fire regimes in Australia continue to change, it is becoming more important to understand the impact of land use on post-fire outcomes. As of 2010, approximately 84% of Australian land was being managed, e.g., more than 40% had been cleared and over 50% was used for grazing. On its own, fire can cause loss of vegetation and dependent ecosystem services, such as food and habitat, evapotranspiration and climate stabilization, and carbon sequestration, increased hydrophobicity, altered microbial communities, and soil erosion. Land clearing also results in loss of vegetation, and can lead to soil erosion, nutrient run-off, and threatened water quality. Additionally, grazing practices can increase soil nitrogen, promoting weed growth and soil acidification, and cause soil compaction, hindering native vegetation, increasing water run-off, and promoting soil erosion. However, very little is known regarding how soil is affected when both land management and fire act together.
Between December 16th, 2019 and January 30th, 2020, 46% of Kangaroo Island, a Mediterranean-climate region off the coast of South Australia, was burned by a megafire. This megafire affected both managed, e.g., cleared and grazed, and non-managed land across the island including multiple areas of our study site, located at 35°43’S, 137°00’E. The objective of this study was to better understand the interactive effects of land management and fire on the soil functionality of these Kangaroo Island sites to help land managers restore the burnt and grazed grasslands to a native vegetative state. Within our study area, 14 sites were identified: four burnt, cleared, and grazed grassland sites, five burnt and non-managed sites dominated by Eucalyptus, and five unburnt and non-managed sites dominated by Eucalyptus. Six months after the Kangaroo Island megafire, replicate soil samples (n=10) from the top 5cm were collected from each of the 14 sites. Samples were transported to the laboratories at The University of New South Wales for physicochemical and microbiological analysis, e.g., pH, electrical conductivity, hydrophobicity, aggregate stability, total nutrient content, and microbial abundance, community composition and diversity. Our preliminary results showed significantly higher hydrophobicity (p < 0.01), as well as total carbon, total nitrogen, and microbial activity (p < 0.001), and significantly lower pH (p < 0.01) in soils collected from burnt, cleared, and grazed plots compared to burnt non-managed plots. These results suggest that pre-fire land management has a significant influence on how fire affects soil health, providing valuable insights that will guide the restoration effort of our study area and serve as an example for others.
Mercedes Ondik; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Mark Ooi. Land management influences the effects of fire on soil properties: implications for post-fire restoration efforts. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMercedes Ondik, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Mark Ooi. Land management influences the effects of fire on soil properties: implications for post-fire restoration efforts. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMercedes Ondik; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Mark Ooi. 2021. "Land management influences the effects of fire on soil properties: implications for post-fire restoration efforts." , no. : 1.
Australia faced the most extreme and prolonged fire season in 2019-2020, resulting in tragic habitat loss for many threatened species and the destruction of many ecological communities. Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps are peatlands located in the upper Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. These ecosystems perform many important ecological functions while absorbing and filtering water and releasing it slowly back to the environment. Their functions are related to the control of peak flow events, water purification and the harboring of many threatened plant and animal species. Despite their ecological importance, the area has been intensively degraded through longwall mining processes, resulting in the lowering and loss of water tables in the area. In December 2019 these impacts were compounded by an intense prolonged drought period and extensive wildfire. While the effects of these combined factors on the vegetation have been analysed and revealed remarkable negative impacts in the swamps under mining pressures, the effects on the soil microbial communities and related soil functions have not yet been studied. To investigate both drivers (fire and mining activities), we selected three mined swamps and three unmined swamps to assess their soil microbial composition and diversity through Next Generation Sequencing, and to characterise the soil chemical composition. At each site, we collected samples considering three treatments, one in the swamp valley fill and two at two different heights of the swamp valley margin, focusing on the soil close to specific groups of plants (e.g. sedges and shrubs). For each site and treatment, three soil samples (~ 10 m from each other) of 10x10 cm and ~ 3 to 5 cm of depth were collected using a trowel. We aim to build 16S rRNA gene libraries and co-relate them with the soil chemical variables, to assess the impact on these microbial communities and their possible use as environmental indicators and basis for future applied initiatives in conservation and restoration.
Nathali Machado de Lima; Alexandria Thomsen; Mark Ooi; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Bushfire impacts on a threatened swamp ecosystem: responses of the soil microbial communities and restoration. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleNathali Machado de Lima, Alexandria Thomsen, Mark Ooi, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Bushfire impacts on a threatened swamp ecosystem: responses of the soil microbial communities and restoration. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathali Machado de Lima; Alexandria Thomsen; Mark Ooi; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. 2021. "Bushfire impacts on a threatened swamp ecosystem: responses of the soil microbial communities and restoration." , no. : 1.
Forest are highly vulnerable to global change drivers, such as an increase in wildfire events. Learning more about how and why different post‐fire management strategies regulate the ability of forest ecosystem properties (e.g. plant diversity and function) to simultaneously recover after wildfire and provide multiple ecosystem functions is of critical importance. This study aims to evaluate how unburned, burned managed and burned unmanaged plots regulate the responses of multiple forest ecosystem properties (e.g. plant diversity, nutrient cycling, soil carbon stocks, water regulation, decomposition and wood production) and overall multifunctionality to wildfires. In September 2017, we selected two post‐fire management strategies in a 3‐km2 watershed previously affected by a wildfire in July 2012: contour‐felled log debris (CFD), log erosion barriers area (LEB), and also unburned and unmanaged plots (BNA). We randomly distributed 12 plots among the three post‐fire management strategies (three plots per treatment) and unburned. The results showed that multiple forest ecosystem properties were significantly affected by wildfire and that specific post‐fire management treatment (e.g. LEB and CFD) can be used to efficiently support plant diversity and ecosystem functioning. Our results revealed that the general indicators of ecosystem functions decreased in Mediterranean forests after wildfires and post‐fire management strategies (LEB and CFD) significantly helped to recover the ecosystems’ short‐term community‐level properties and ecosystem functions (5 years after a wildfire event) to pre‐fire levels. Synthesis and applications. These findings demonstrate that multiple ecosystem functions are affected by wildfires in Mediterranean forests and show that post‐fire management treatments can promote multifunctionality and plant diversity. Our results unfold the potential of log erosion barriers (LEB) and contour‐felled log debris (CFD) as effective strategies for recovering community‐level properties and forest functions in the short term.
Manuel E. Lucas‐Borja; Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo; Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas; Pedro Antonio Plaza‐Álvarez; Maria E. Gómez‐Sanchez; Javier González‐Romero; Esther Peña‐Molina; Daniel Moya; Jorge De Las Heras. Changes in ecosystem properties after post‐fire management strategies in wildfire‐affected Mediterranean forests. Journal of Applied Ecology 2021, 58, 836 -846.
AMA StyleManuel E. Lucas‐Borja, Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo, Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas, Pedro Antonio Plaza‐Álvarez, Maria E. Gómez‐Sanchez, Javier González‐Romero, Esther Peña‐Molina, Daniel Moya, Jorge De Las Heras. Changes in ecosystem properties after post‐fire management strategies in wildfire‐affected Mediterranean forests. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2021; 58 (4):836-846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel E. Lucas‐Borja; Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo; Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas; Pedro Antonio Plaza‐Álvarez; Maria E. Gómez‐Sanchez; Javier González‐Romero; Esther Peña‐Molina; Daniel Moya; Jorge De Las Heras. 2021. "Changes in ecosystem properties after post‐fire management strategies in wildfire‐affected Mediterranean forests." Journal of Applied Ecology 58, no. 4: 836-846.
Post‐fire environmental conditions can heavily influence the natural regeneration of pine species in Mediterranean forests. Therefore, enhancing post‐fire recovery of pine species is fundamental for effective ecological restoration of Mediterranean forests. In this study, the effects of a post‐fire restoration treatment on the seedling emergence and survival of Spanish black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii) were investigated under a treatment consisting of manual cut of burnt tree canopies placed on the soil surface with their tree branches, following contour lines (contour‐felled log debris, CFD) in comparison with a control site at plot scale. Both CFD and control plots were tested on three slope gradients and two experimental conditions, i.e. protected vs. non‐protected seeds. The initial seedling recruitment of Spanish black pine was improved by CFD treatment and seed protection, specifically through increased survival of emergent seedlings by about ten and fifteen times, respectively, compared to control. Seedling emergence was not significantly different between the treatments or controls; however, the highest seedling emergence in the study (18.9 ± 14.9%) was recorded under the least severe drought conditions. The study demonstrates that post‐fire CFD and seed protection treatments can be favourable for supporting ecological restoration of these pine forests. However, the environmental conditions are important drivers for the success of these strategies. Since droughts are expected to be more frequent in the upcoming years, post‐fire management strategies that include treatments like CFD and seed protection can be useful in the ecological restoration of Mediterranean pine forests. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Manuel Esteban Lucas‐Borja; John T. Van Stan; Mehdi Heydari; Reza Omidipour; Francisco Rocha; Pedro Antonio Plaza‐Alvarez; Demetrio Antonio Zema; Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas. Post‐fire restoration with contour‐felled log debris increases early recruitment of Spanish black pine ( Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii ) in Mediterranean forests. Restoration Ecology 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleManuel Esteban Lucas‐Borja, John T. Van Stan, Mehdi Heydari, Reza Omidipour, Francisco Rocha, Pedro Antonio Plaza‐Alvarez, Demetrio Antonio Zema, Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas. Post‐fire restoration with contour‐felled log debris increases early recruitment of Spanish black pine ( Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii ) in Mediterranean forests. Restoration Ecology. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Esteban Lucas‐Borja; John T. Van Stan; Mehdi Heydari; Reza Omidipour; Francisco Rocha; Pedro Antonio Plaza‐Alvarez; Demetrio Antonio Zema; Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas. 2020. "Post‐fire restoration with contour‐felled log debris increases early recruitment of Spanish black pine ( Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii ) in Mediterranean forests." Restoration Ecology , no. : 1.
Current methods of mine rehabilitation in the arid zone have a high failure rate at seedling emergence largely due to limited availability of topsoil and low water-holding capacity of alternative growth substrates such as mining overburden and tailings. Further, seedlings have consistently failed to emerge from seeds sown on the soil surface using traditional broadcasting methods. Seed pellets, formed by extruding soil mixtures and seeds into pellets, can potentially increase soil water uptake through enhanced soil-seed contact and thereby improve seedling emergence. We tested an extruded seed pelleting method in a three-factor field experiment (i.e., different pellet-soil mixtures, organic amendments, and simulated rainfall regimes) in north-western Australia. Given the observed lack of seedling emergence from broadcast seeds, the aims of the experiment were to assess: (i) the use of pellets to promote native seedling emergence and establishment and; (ii) the soil physico-chemical and microbiological changes that occur with this method of rehabilitation. The effects of pellet-soil mixtures, organic amendment, and rainfall regime on seedling emergence and survival of three native plant species suggest trade-offs among responses. Pellets made with a 1:1 blend of topsoil and a loamy-sand waste material had the highest seedling emergence, while 100% topsoil pellets had lower emergence probably because of hardsetting. Triodia pungens (a native grass) survived to the end of the experiment while Indigofera monophylla and Acacia inaequilatera (native shrubs) emerged but did not survive. Adding an organic amendment in the extruded pellet inhibited Triodia seedling emergence but increased soil microbial activity. Overall, extruded pellets made from a 1:1 blend showed promise for the establishment of Triodia seeds and beneficially, incorporates mine waste overburden and lesser amounts of topsoil. Further research is needed to improve pelleting production and to test the applicability of the method at scale, for different species and other ecosystem types.
Emma Stock; Rachel J. Standish; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Richard W. Bell; Todd E. Erickson. Field-Deployed Extruded Seed Pellets Show Promise for Perennial Grass Establishment in Arid Zone Mine Rehabilitation. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleEmma Stock, Rachel J. Standish, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Richard W. Bell, Todd E. Erickson. Field-Deployed Extruded Seed Pellets Show Promise for Perennial Grass Establishment in Arid Zone Mine Rehabilitation. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2020; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmma Stock; Rachel J. Standish; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Richard W. Bell; Todd E. Erickson. 2020. "Field-Deployed Extruded Seed Pellets Show Promise for Perennial Grass Establishment in Arid Zone Mine Rehabilitation." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8, no. : 1.
So‐called fairy circles (FCs) comprise a spatially periodic gap pattern in arid grasslands of Namibia and north‐west Western Australia. This pattern has been explained with scale‐dependent ecohydrological feedbacks and the reaction‐diffusion, or Turing mechanism, used in process‐based models that are rooted in physics and pattern‐formation theory. However, a detailed ecological test of the validity of the modelled processes is still lacking. Here, we test in a spinifex‐grassland ecosystem of Western Australia the presence of spatial feedbacks at multiple scales. Drone‐based multispectral analysis and spatially explicit statistics were used to test if grass vitality within five 1‐ha plots depends on the pattern of FCs that are thought to be a critical extra source of water for the surrounding matrix vegetation. We then examined if high‐ and low‐vitality grasses show scale‐dependent feedbacks being indicative of facilitation or competition. Additionally, we assessed facilitation of grass plants for different successional stages after fire at fine scales in 1‐m2 quadrats. Finally, we placed soil moisture sensors under bare soil inside the FC gap and under plants at increasing distances from the FC to test if there is evidence for the ‘infiltration feedback’ as used in theoretical modelling. We found that high‐vitality grasses were systematically more strongly associated with FCs than low‐vitality grasses. High‐vitality grasses also had highly aggregated patterns at short scales being evidence of positive feedbacks while negative feedbacks occurred at larger scales. Within 1‐m2 quadrats, grass cover and mutual facilitation of plants was greater near the FC edge than further away in the matrix. Soil moisture after rainfall was lowest inside the FC with its weathered surface crust but highest under grass at the gap edge, and then declined towards the matrix, which confirms the infiltration feedback. Synthesis. The study shows that FCs are a critical extra source of water for the dryland vegetation, as predicted by theoretical modelling. The grasses act as ‘ecosystem engineers’ that modify their hostile, abiotic environment, leading to vegetation self‐organization. Overall, our ecological findings highlight the validity of the scale‐dependent feedbacks that are central to explain this emergent grassland pattern via the reaction‐diffusion or Turing‐instability mechanism.
Stephan Getzin; Todd E. Erickson; Hezi Yizhaq; Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas; Andreas Huth; Kerstin Wiegand. Bridging ecology and physics: Australian fairy circles regenerate following model assumptions on ecohydrological feedbacks. Journal of Ecology 2020, 109, 399 -416.
AMA StyleStephan Getzin, Todd E. Erickson, Hezi Yizhaq, Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas, Andreas Huth, Kerstin Wiegand. Bridging ecology and physics: Australian fairy circles regenerate following model assumptions on ecohydrological feedbacks. Journal of Ecology. 2020; 109 (1):399-416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephan Getzin; Todd E. Erickson; Hezi Yizhaq; Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas; Andreas Huth; Kerstin Wiegand. 2020. "Bridging ecology and physics: Australian fairy circles regenerate following model assumptions on ecohydrological feedbacks." Journal of Ecology 109, no. 1: 399-416.
Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas; Paloma Hueso‐Gonzalez; Cristina Branquinho; Thomas Baumgartl. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land in arid and semiarid environments: Editorial. Land Degradation & Development 2020, 32, 3 -6.
AMA StyleMiriam Muñoz‐Rojas, Paloma Hueso‐Gonzalez, Cristina Branquinho, Thomas Baumgartl. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land in arid and semiarid environments: Editorial. Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 32 (1):3-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Muñoz‐Rojas; Paloma Hueso‐Gonzalez; Cristina Branquinho; Thomas Baumgartl. 2020. "Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land in arid and semiarid environments: Editorial." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 1: 3-6.
Soil salinization poses an important threat to terrestrial ecosystems and is expected to increase as a consequence of climate change and anthropogenic pressures. Conventional methods such as salt-leaching or application of soil amendments, or nature-based solutions (NBSs) such as phytoremediation, have been widely adopted with contrasting results. The use of cyanobacteria for improving soil conditions has emerged as a novel biotechnological tool for ecosystem restoration due to the unique features of these organisms, e.g., ability to fix carbon and nitrogen and promote soil stabilisation. Cyanobacteria distribute over a wide range of salt concentrations and several species can adapt to fluctuating salinity conditions. Their application in agricultural saline soil remediation has been demonstrated, mostly in laboratory studies, but there is a lack of research regarding their use in natural ecosystems restoration. In this article, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on cyanobacteria in the context of ecosystem restoration. Examples of the application of cyanobacteria in alleviating salt-stress in plants and soils are presented. Furthermore, we acknowledge gaps regarding the extensive application of cyanobacteria in salt-affected soils remediation and discuss the challenges of NBSs in salt-affected soils restoration.
Francisco Rocha; Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja; Paulo Pereira; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Cyanobacteria as a Nature-Based Biotechnological Tool for Restoring Salt-Affected Soils. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1321 .
AMA StyleFrancisco Rocha, Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja, Paulo Pereira, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Cyanobacteria as a Nature-Based Biotechnological Tool for Restoring Salt-Affected Soils. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Rocha; Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja; Paulo Pereira; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. 2020. "Cyanobacteria as a Nature-Based Biotechnological Tool for Restoring Salt-Affected Soils." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1321.
This research investigated the effects of woody plant identity and season on soil physicochemical properties and microbiological function in the semi-arid Zagros forest, one of the old-growth semi-arid oak forests in the world. Soil sampling was conducted beneath the canopy of six woody (tree and shrub) species in spring and winter. Microbial variables analysed included soil basal respiration (BR), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), microbial entropy index (MIE), substrate induced respiration (SIR) and enzymatic activities (i.e., urease and alkaline phosphatase). Soil physicochemical properties were also analysed and included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available calcium and magnesium (Ca2+ and Mg2+), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (Ntot), lime, water content (WC), bulk density (BD), clay, silt and sand. Results demonstrated significant differences among the woody species (Pseudo-F = 56.31; p = 0.001), season (Pseudo-F = 97.37; p = 0.001) and their interaction (Pseudo-F = 2.96; p = 0.005) for the matrix of microbiological soil parameters. Differences were species-specific for shrubs and trees with a marked effect for tree species such as Quercus brantii. Microbial parameters were consistently higher in spring when higher temperature and lower moisture were recorded. Soil OC, Ntot, BD, and WC were important drivers of the soil microbial function. Our results evidenced a strong effect of season and plant species on soil physicochemical and microbiological soil properties in a semi-arid forest ecosystem. Higher values of microbiological soil parameters, including urease and phosphatase activities, were recorded for tree species during spring season.
Parasto Eslaminejad; Mehdi Heydari; Fatemeh Valizadeh Kakhki; Majid Mirab-Balou; Reza Omidipour; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja. Plant species and season influence soil physicochemical properties and microbial function in a semi-arid woodland ecosystem. Plant and Soil 2020, 456, 43 -59.
AMA StyleParasto Eslaminejad, Mehdi Heydari, Fatemeh Valizadeh Kakhki, Majid Mirab-Balou, Reza Omidipour, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja. Plant species and season influence soil physicochemical properties and microbial function in a semi-arid woodland ecosystem. Plant and Soil. 2020; 456 (1-2):43-59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParasto Eslaminejad; Mehdi Heydari; Fatemeh Valizadeh Kakhki; Majid Mirab-Balou; Reza Omidipour; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja. 2020. "Plant species and season influence soil physicochemical properties and microbial function in a semi-arid woodland ecosystem." Plant and Soil 456, no. 1-2: 43-59.
Understanding management-induced C sequestration potential in soils under agriculture, forestry, and other land use systems and their quantification to offset increasing greenhouse gases are of global concern. This chapter reviews management-induced changes in C storage in soils of grazing grassland systems, their impacts on ecosystem functions, and their adaptability and needs of protection across socio-economic and cultural settings. In general, improved management of grassland/pasture such as manuring/slurry application, liming and rotational grazing, and low to medium livestock units could sequester C more than under high intensity grazing conditions. Converting cultivated land to pasture, restoration of degraded land, and maximizing pasture phases in mixed-cropping, pasture with mixed-livestock, integrated forestry-pasturage of livestock (silvopastoral) and crop-forestry-pasturage of livestock (agro-silvopastoral) systems could also maintain and enhance soil organic C density (SOCρ). In areas receiving low precipitation and having high erodibility, grazing exclusion might restore degraded grasslands and increase SOCρ. Yet, optimizing C sequestration rates, sowing of more productive grass varieties, judicial inorganic and organic fertilization, rotational grazing, and other climate-resilient approaches could improve overall farm productivity and profitability and attain sustainability in livestock farming systems.
Mohammad I. Khalil; Rosa Francaviglia; Beverley Henry; Katja Klumpp; Peter Koncz; Mireia Llorente; Beata Emoke Madari; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Rainer Nerger. Strategic Management of Grazing Grassland Systems to Maintain and Increase Organic Carbon in Soils. CO2 Sequestration and Valorization 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMohammad I. Khalil, Rosa Francaviglia, Beverley Henry, Katja Klumpp, Peter Koncz, Mireia Llorente, Beata Emoke Madari, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Rainer Nerger. Strategic Management of Grazing Grassland Systems to Maintain and Increase Organic Carbon in Soils. CO2 Sequestration and Valorization. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad I. Khalil; Rosa Francaviglia; Beverley Henry; Katja Klumpp; Peter Koncz; Mireia Llorente; Beata Emoke Madari; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Rainer Nerger. 2020. "Strategic Management of Grazing Grassland Systems to Maintain and Increase Organic Carbon in Soils." CO2 Sequestration and Valorization , no. : 1.
The role of cyanobacteria from soil biocrusts in restoring degraded land is gaining interest in recent years because of their critical role in enhancing soil fertility and preventing erosion. However, soil restoration through cyanobacterial inoculation remains a challenge for large-scale restoration efforts and new methodologies for effective cyanobacterial application need to be developed. Here, we propose a bioenvironmental approach to inoculate soils with pelletized cyanobacteria from soil biocrusts. Fresh cultures of three soil native cyanobacteria strains from two representative N-fixing genera (Nostoc and Scytonema) and a non-heterocystous filamentous genus (Leptolyngbya) were added into a substrate composed of commercial bentonite powder and sand (1:10 wt ratio) and extruded into pellets. Then, in two multifactorial microcosm experiments under glasshouse conditions, we evaluated (i) the survival and establishment over time of the cyanobacteria encapsulated in pellets, and ii) the viability of pelletized cyanobacteria after drying and storing for 30 d, on soils from three arid regions in Australia. Our results showed that pellets can dissolve completely and spread out in all treatments. Scytonema and the consortium of the three cyanobacteria species showed significant (P < 0.001) deeper CR680 peaks, higher chlorophyll a contents and lower albedo compared to the other inoculation treatments. Storing the pellets for 30 d significantly affected the viability of the cyanobacteria inoculum with reductions of approximately 50% in chlorophyll a content (a proxy for cyanobacteria biomass). Overall, our results showed that some cyanobacteria species can be successfully incorporated into extruded pellets and survive on degraded soils. This technology opens a wide range of opportunities for application in large scale restoration programs although further testing and refining through field trials is recommended.
J.R. Román; A.M. Chilton; Y. Cantón; M. Muñoz-Rojas. Assessing the viability of cyanobacteria pellets for application in arid land restoration. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 270, 110795 .
AMA StyleJ.R. Román, A.M. Chilton, Y. Cantón, M. Muñoz-Rojas. Assessing the viability of cyanobacteria pellets for application in arid land restoration. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 270 ():110795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.R. Román; A.M. Chilton; Y. Cantón; M. Muñoz-Rojas. 2020. "Assessing the viability of cyanobacteria pellets for application in arid land restoration." Journal of Environmental Management 270, no. : 110795.
Soil contamination by potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) such as Cadmium (Cd), is a major environmental concern because of its potential implications to human health. Cacao-based products have been identified as food sources with relatively high Cd contents. Here, we assessed Cd concentrations of cacao-growing soils in four major agricultural regions with contrasting climates in Peru, one of the main exporters of cacao products worldwide. At each study site (n = 40) a broad range of potential factors affecting Cd concentration in soils, i.e., site, soil and management, were evaluated. Concentrations of Cd ranged between 1.1–3.2 mg kg−1. Mean values per region were below 2.7 mg kg−1, usually established as upper-limit for non-polluted soils. Cadmium concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in sites at higher elevations and in a temperate, drier climate. Cadmium correlated positively with pH (r = 0.57; p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.001) in alluvial sediments and Leptosols. Management factors (cacao variety, cultivation year, management practices) and agroecology did not affect Cd concentrations directly. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering a broad range of both natural and anthropogenic factors to evaluate Cd concentrations in cacao-growing soils and contribute to effective and sustainable cacao production by improving land management and planning.
Daniela Scaccabarozzi; Luis Castillo; Andrea Aromatisi; Lynne Milne; Adolfo Búllon Castillo; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils. Agronomy 2020, 10, 806 .
AMA StyleDaniela Scaccabarozzi, Luis Castillo, Andrea Aromatisi, Lynne Milne, Adolfo Búllon Castillo, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):806.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniela Scaccabarozzi; Luis Castillo; Andrea Aromatisi; Lynne Milne; Adolfo Búllon Castillo; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. 2020. "Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 806.
Climate change impacts are a serious threat to food provisioning, security and the economy. Thus, assessing agricultural suitability and yield reduction under climate change is crucial for sustainable agricultural production. In this study, we used two sub-models of the agro-ecological decision support system MicroLEIS (Terraza and Cervatana) to evaluate the impacts of climate change on land capability and yield reduction of wheat and sunflower as major rainfed crops in different Mediterranean soil types (in Andalucia, Southern Spain). The Terraza sub-model provides an experimental prediction for the bioclimate deficiency and yield reduction, while the Cervatana sub-model predicts the general land use suitability for specific agricultural uses. Sixty-two districts in Southern Spain were modeled and mapped using soil data and the A1B climate scenario (balanced scenario) for three 30-year periods ending in 2040, 2070 and 2100, respectively. Our results showed that the majority of agricultural soils were suitable for wheat production, and less for sunflowers, especially under projected climate change scenarios. Extreme impacts of climate change were observed in the soil types Typic Xerofluvents and Calcic Haploxerepts, where the land capability was reduced from Good and Moderate classes to the Marginal class. This was especially observed in sunflower crops by 2100. Yield reduction of sunflower was much higher than the reduction for wheat, especially under the projected climate periods, where the results for 2100 showed the severest effect on crop yields with about 95% of the sunflower area showing yield reductions. This high variability of the evaluation results demonstrates the importance of using soil factors, climate and crop information in conjunction in decision-making regarding the formulation of site-specific soil use and management strategies.
Sameh K. Abd-Elmabod; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Antonio Jordán; Mariá Anaya-Romero; Jonathan D. Phillips; Laurence Jones; Zhenhua Zhang; Paulo Pereira; Luuk Fleskens; Martine van der Ploeg; Diego de la Rosa. Climate change impacts on agricultural suitability and yield reduction in a Mediterranean region. Geoderma 2020, 374, 114453 .
AMA StyleSameh K. Abd-Elmabod, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Antonio Jordán, Mariá Anaya-Romero, Jonathan D. Phillips, Laurence Jones, Zhenhua Zhang, Paulo Pereira, Luuk Fleskens, Martine van der Ploeg, Diego de la Rosa. Climate change impacts on agricultural suitability and yield reduction in a Mediterranean region. Geoderma. 2020; 374 ():114453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSameh K. Abd-Elmabod; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Antonio Jordán; Mariá Anaya-Romero; Jonathan D. Phillips; Laurence Jones; Zhenhua Zhang; Paulo Pereira; Luuk Fleskens; Martine van der Ploeg; Diego de la Rosa. 2020. "Climate change impacts on agricultural suitability and yield reduction in a Mediterranean region." Geoderma 374, no. : 114453.
The depletion and degradation of native plant communities is a major threat to the long-term health and functionality of many ecosystems worldwide. Some of the current challenges in mine rehabilitation programs are poor recruitment and establishment of native plants. Indigenous soil bacteria, including cyanobacteria from soil biocrusts, have shown promise as bio-fertilizers as they may promote germination and enhance seedling growth of native plants in reconstructed soil profiles. In this research, we assessed the potential of bioinoculants composed by locally sourced soil bacteria from the rhizosphere and cyanobacteria from biocrusts, to promote germination and growth of native arid plants from Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). Individual cyanobacteria species (e.g. Leptolyngbya sp, Nostoc sp. and Microcoleus sp), a cyanobacteria mix of these three species, and enrichments of soil bacteria from the rhizosphere were considered as inoculum for seed bio-priming. Overall, our results showed that lower concentrations of cyanobacteria inoculants (1 g l-1) are more effective for promoting seedling growth than highly concentrated inoculum (5 g l-1). The effects of the cyanobacterial/bacterial inoculants were specific to each plant species. However, biopriming seeds with soil bacteria and the cyanobacteria mix resulted in three times larger roots in hummock grasses (e.g. Triodia epactia) compared to the control treatment. We also identified the bio-active components or metabolites produced by targeted cyanobacteria species through GC/MS analyses. Our results showed that some of the cyanobacterial inoculants produced substances chemically like plant hormones such as auxins, i.e. indole-3-acetic acid. The positive effects of the native soil bacteria and cyanobacteria inoculants on native plants could be related to their ability of promoting nutrient bioavailability, improving stress resistance, protection against other microbes, and production of substances that may act as hormones. The findings of this research can allow selecting the most effective bio-active inoculants for application in seed-based land rehabilitation programs.
Nathali Mahado De Lima; James Charlesworth; Jana Stewart; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Indigenous soil bacteria as bioinoculants for promoting seedling growth of native plants in arid land rehabilitation. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleNathali Mahado De Lima, James Charlesworth, Jana Stewart, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. Indigenous soil bacteria as bioinoculants for promoting seedling growth of native plants in arid land rehabilitation. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathali Mahado De Lima; James Charlesworth; Jana Stewart; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas. 2020. "Indigenous soil bacteria as bioinoculants for promoting seedling growth of native plants in arid land rehabilitation." , no. : 1.
Fire is an essential element of the environment and a vital force for shaping landscapes all around the world. It has a critical role as driver of natural ecosystem processes and many plant communities are fire dependent aros the globe. However, although fire is a natural and regular component of some biomes in the Earth’s systems, it can become a destructive force when natural ecosystems are disturbed, fire is introduced at a rate not previously experienced, and recovery to a pre-fire state is not possible. Thus, assesing the potentially harmful environmental impacts of fire and building the underlying knowledge required to successfully manage fire makes are crucial in order to understand the role of fire in all its different dimensions. Over the past year, fires in California in the United States and in the Amazon rainforest in Brazil have grabbed the world’s attention. The increased rates of fire events in some of these areas, mostly attributed to land degradation processes, have led to international concern. More recently, several bushfires all around Australia have had dramatic impacts in the environment with 10 million hectares burned so far, including large portions of the natural environment. These unprecedented fires are predicted to affect to a large extent the soil characteristics, processes and function in several ecosystems. In this presentation, we highlight some of the most recent research published during the last year on the effects of fire on soil functions and the provision of soil ecosystem services. We also showcase some of the possible approaches to protect and conserve soil ecosystems affected by extreme fires and propose available strategies for post-fire management.
Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Paulo Pereira. Fire in the environment: effects on soil functions and ecosystem services in a changing world. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMiriam Muñoz-Rojas, Paulo Pereira. Fire in the environment: effects on soil functions and ecosystem services in a changing world. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Muñoz-Rojas; Paulo Pereira. 2020. "Fire in the environment: effects on soil functions and ecosystem services in a changing world." , no. : 1.
Global environmental changes and other anthropogenic impacts are rapidly transforming the structure and functioning of ecosystems worldwide. These changes are leading to soil degradation with an estimated 25 % of the global land surface being affected. The need to develop cost-effective large-scale solutions to restore disturbed landscapes becomes imperative to preserve biodiversity and achieve ecosystem functionality and sustainability. As part of a large-scale industry-academia partnership, we have developed a soil research program that aims to build knowledge and design strategies to restore degraded landscapes in Western Australia and other dryland regions worldwide. Within this program, a series of laboratory experiments, glasshouse studies, and field trials, have been conducted over the past six years to advance our knowledge on soil limitations and to provide solutions to enhance soil carbon levels and restore above and belowground biodiversity in restoration programs. These studies include (i) the analysis of the influence of multi-species planting on soil organic carbon and microbial activity and diversity (ii) the evaluation of soil physicochemical and microbiological indicators to assess functionality of restored soils in degraded semiarid ecosystems and (ii) the development of nature-based strategies based on bio-tools (e.g. inoculation of soil biocrust cyanobacteria) to increase soil carbon and enhance overall soil function. In this presentation we will highlight some key findings of these studies that include the benefits of combining diverse plant species and using native microbes and organic amendments for increasing soil carbon and promote soil function in reconstructed soil substrates. We will also discuss the potential applicability of these bio-technological approaches in landscape-scale restoration programs.
Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Todd E. Erickson; Amber Bateman; Angela M. Chilton; David J. Merritt. Soil native microbes and multi-species planting for restoring soil function in dryland rehabilitation. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMiriam Muñoz-Rojas, Todd E. Erickson, Amber Bateman, Angela M. Chilton, David J. Merritt. Soil native microbes and multi-species planting for restoring soil function in dryland rehabilitation. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Muñoz-Rojas; Todd E. Erickson; Amber Bateman; Angela M. Chilton; David J. Merritt. 2020. "Soil native microbes and multi-species planting for restoring soil function in dryland rehabilitation." , no. : 1.