Background: Lung cancer is a fatal disease that kills approximately 85% of those diagnosed with it. In recent years, advances in medical imaging have greatly improved the acquisition, storage, and visualization of various pathologies, making it a necessary component in medicine today. Objective: Develop a computer-aided diagnostic system to detect lung cancer early by segmenting tumor and non-tumor tissue on Tissue Micro Array Analysis (TMA) histopathological images. Method: The prototype computer-aided diagnostic system was developed to segment tumor areas, non-tumor areas, and fundus on TMA histopathological images. Results: The system achieved an average accuracy of 83.4% and an F-measurement of 84.4% in segmenting tumor and non-tumor tissue. Conclusion: The computer-aided diagnostic system provides a second diagnostic opinion to specialists, allowing for more precise diagnoses and more appropriate treatments for lung cancer.

Background: The prevalence and patterns of aphrodisiac drug consumption without prescription among men in Saudi Arabia remain underexplored, with limited empirical evidence available. Given the potential health implications and societal considerations, a comprehensive investigation is warranted. Aim: Assess the Prevalence, pattern of use and the associated factors of Aphrodisiac drugs consumption without prescription among men at Najran City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional descriptive study, 500 participants were included through convenience sampling. The utilized questionnaires covered a range of data, including socio-demographic information, patterns of aphrodisiac use, knowledge about aphrodisiacs, lifestyle details, a sexual health inventory for men, and a perceived stress level scale. Results: The study reveals a significant prevalence of unsanctioned aphrodisiac drug use (31%) among men in Najran City, Saudi Arabia, with a majority (79.3%) consuming these substances four times monthly. Associated disparities in knowledge, lifestyle, stress, and sexual function underscore the urgent need for policy interventions and tailored health education initiatives for this demographic. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of the sampled population engaged in the unsanctioned use of aphrodisiac drugs, with the majority utilizing them four times monthly. Tablets emerged as the most prevalent form of consumption. Commonly cited motives and justifications included peer influence and the perceived safety of aphrodisiacs. Influential factors encompassed levels of knowledge, lifestyle, stress levels, erectile function, age, education, and the number of wives. Recommendations: Urgent policy interventions are warranted to regulate the acquisition and distribution of aphrodisiacs. Tailored health education initiatives should be implemented for married and prospective married men.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a significant mental health crisis and caused a widening economic crisis, growing financial loss, and numerous uncertainties. This pandemic brought alarming implications and overall increased risk for psychiatric illness. This study explores the psychological impact experienced by patients who tested positive from coronavirus in the Najran region, Saudi Arabia. Design and methods: This exploratory analysis included 210 COVID-19 positive patients. The study was conducted during a six-month period starting from March to September 2020, in two tertiary government hospitals in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Samples were selected using purposive sampling; survey questionnaire and face-to-face interview to collect the data. Statistical data were calculated using IBM SPSS v. 2.0 to compute the following statistical formulas: percentage distribution, mean, standard deviation, and Chi-square test of independence. Results: The findings of this study revealed that the majority of COVID-19 positive patients were middle-aged adults (n=98 or 46.7%), male (n=178 or 84.8%), and were non-Saudi nationals (n=132 or 62.9%). It was found out that COVID-19 patients experienced bothersome behaviour at a very high level ([ ]=2.63±0.6734). Meanwhile, depression ([ ]=2.51±0.7070), worry ([ ]=2.23±0.8811), and anxiety ([ ]=2.21±0.8719) was only at a high level. Conclusions: The study revealed that the majority of participants had high levels of depression, anxiety and bothersome behaviours. However, demographic characteristics like age, sex, and nationality were not significantly related to coronavirus patients’ psychological health problems. Assessments and interventions for psychosocial concerns, integration of mental health considerations, and treatment for severe psychosocial consequences must be administered in COVID-19 care facilities.

Background: Smoking is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries, with over one billion individuals engaging in tobacco use globally. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of smoking and associated risk factors among secondary school students in Hodeidah governorate, Yemen, in 2022. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, involving a sample of 1,000 students from urban and rural areas, selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire covering demographic details, smoking habits, risk factors, and perceptions. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS (version 28), employing descriptive and inferential statistics, with Chi-square tests to evaluate relationships between variables. Results: 21.8% of students were smokers, with smoking prevalence higher among rural residents (22.3%) and females (26.8%). Socio-demographic factors such as gender and marital status significantly influenced smoking behavior, with divorced students exhibiting the highest smoking rates (75%). The study also revealed significant associations between smoking and having relatives or friends who smoke. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for targeted smoking prevention strategies that consider demographic variations, focusing on early interventions in schools, community engagement, and culturally sensitive approaches to reduce smoking rates among adolescents in Yemen

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is the most prevalent bacterial infection globally and affecting approximately 50%-75% of worlds of population. It is recognized as a significant high-risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and functional dyspepsia. Aim of this study: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection among females in Hodeidah City, Yemen. Subjects and methods: Study design: A cross-sectional study design was used. Setting: This study conducted in Al-Mina districts in Hodiedah City, Yemen. Subjects: 202 females participated in this study from February 2024 to February 2025. Tools of data collection: Data was collected by three tools: Tool I: Demographic characteristics. Tool II: clinical signs and symptoms of the participants and Tool III: laboratory tests for H. pylori antigen and antibody were used to detect the H. pylori infection. Result: The study results indicate that the infection rate was 19% as H. pylori antigen and 29.8% H. pylori antibodies among females. The highest rate of infection by H. pylori-Ag was recorded in Al-Hali district (22.4%), whereas H. pylori-Ab was recorded in Al-Hawak district (35.8%). Conclusion: There was a significant association between the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the consumption of raw vegetables for H. pylori antigen. Also, there was a significant association between the prevalence of H. pylori infection and previously infected and clinical symptoms for H. pylori antibody. Recommendations: This study recommended that avoiding consuming of unwashed raw vegetables and fruits, wash hands frequently after defecation, and before meals to reduce spreading of H. pyloric infection among females. Regular treatment of H. pylori infection to avoid transmission of this type of infection particularly between females.

Objectives: Determine factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes in Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana'a city. Methods: A systematic random sample of 611 patients was selected from all patients with Type 2 diabetes over a period of 6 months in 2022 (April to October 2022). A restructured questionnaire sought information about sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, self-care management behaviors, medication adherence, barriers to adherence, and attitudes toward diabetes. Weight, height, and waist circumferences were measured. All available last readings of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar measurements, and lipids were abstracted from patients' records. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥6.5%. Results: Of the total 611patients, 66.6% had HbA1c ≥6.5%. In the multivariate analysis, increased duration of diabetes (N7 years vs. ≤7years) (OR=1.99, P≤.0005), not following eating plan as recommended by dietitians (OR=2.98, P≤.0005), negative attitude towards diabetes (OR=1.04, P=.020, and increased barriers to adherence scale scores were significantly associated with increased odds of poor glycemic control( OR= 1.02, P=.002). Conclusion: The proportion of patients with poor glycemic control was high, which was comparable to that reported from many previous studies. Longer duration of diabetes and not adherent to diabetes self-care management behaviors were associated with poor glycemic control. Recommendation: An educational program that emphasizes lifestyle modification with the importance of adherence to treatment regimen would be of great benefit in glycemic control.